Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症的手术治疗

目的：探讨Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的手术治疗方法及效果。方法：对27例Chiari畸形患者根据其MRI分型采用不同手术方式治疗。结果：依据其分型采用不同的手术方式并获得满意的治疗效果。其中,行后颅窝减压3例,后颅窝减压并脊髓空洞切开引流9例,后颅窝减压并行小脑扁桃体切除及枕大池重建15例。结论：手术使延颈髓充分减压,恢复颅-椎脑脊液循环,有效缓解临床症状,并对脊髓空洞有明显的恢复作用。     

Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症33例治疗体会

我院 2 0 0 0年 1月至 2 0 0 1年 11月共收治Ｃｈｉａｒｉ畸形 33例 ,合并脊髓空洞 2 1例 ,获得随访 2 3例 ,手术效果满意 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1)一般资料 :共 33例 ,男性 19例 ,女性 14例。年龄 16～6 2岁 ,平均 32 .4岁。病程 4个月～ 10年 ,平均 2年 6个月。2 )临床表现 :以节段性肢体痛温觉减退 2 3例 (70 %) ,肢体麻木 19例 (5 8%) ,骨骼肌萎缩 12例 (36 %) ,吞咽困难、声音嘶哑、饮水呛咳等颅神经受损症状者 2例 ,出现共济失调等小脑症状者 3例。3)辅助检查 :1例Ｘ线平片示颅底陷入 ,1例环枕融合 ,1例ＣＴ示有脑积水 ,33例均行Ｍ…     

改良手术方法治疗Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞

目的探讨Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症的操作技巧及手术效果。方法总结我科近3年间采取改良小切口、小骨窗枕大孔减压,枕大池成形手术治疗35例Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症患者的临床表现,手术前后影像学特征,手术疗效。结果随访平均1．5年,MRI评价有效31例,临床有效24例。结论改良小切口、小骨窗枕大孔减压,枕大池成形手术治疗Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞创伤小,并发症少,显微镜下小心松解第四脑室出口粘连,复位下疝扁桃体是手术关键。     

Arnold—Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症的手术治疗

目的 根据MRI影像，探讨Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症的手术方法，评价其疗效。方法 对28例Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症患者依据MRI影像，通过分型选择4种不同的手术方法。结果 通过分型手术，获得了满意的治疗效果。对15例轻度畸形病例施行后颅窝减压术；对7例中度畸形病例施行后颅窝减压联合小脑扁桃体切除术；对3例重度畸形病例施行后颅窝减压联合小脑扁桃体切除及脊髓空洞切开引流术；另有3例轻度小脑扁桃体下疝畸形合并重度脊髓空洞者，行后颅窝减压联合脊髓空洞切开引流术。结论 依据MRI影像分型，选择不同的手术方式，可使延、颈髓充分减压，能有效缓解临床症状，并时脊髓空洞症有明显的治疗作用。     

Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症的外科治疗

目的:对Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症(SM)的手术治疗方法进行探讨,并初步评价其治疗效果.方法:对42 例Chiari畸形病例(合并SM 29例)根据其MRI影像,分为Ⅰ型36例和Ⅱ型6例,选择不同手术方式进行治疗:24例ACM-Ⅰ型无或合并轻度SM者行后颅窝减压术,12例ACM-Ⅰ型合并SM达C2以上者行后颅窝减压并脊髓空洞切开分流术,6例ACM-Ⅱ型合并远隔节段SM者行后颅窝减压并小脑扁桃体切除术.结果:患者术后临床症状均有不同程度改善.36例获随访1～4年,其中30例(83.3％)小脑扁桃体下疝得以回纳,25例(86.2％)空洞明显缩小或消失.结论:对Chiari畸形并SM病例依据其影像学分型采取不同的手术方式,疗效满意;手术能使延颈髓充分减压,有效缓解临床症状,并对SM有明显的治疗作用.     

Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞的手术治疗体会

目的：探讨Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞的有效治疗方法。方法：对68例经MRI证实的Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞患者根据病情采用不同的手术方式治疗,包括枕骨大孔区骨性减压＋环枕筋膜松解术、枕骨大孔区骨性减压＋枕大池重建术、枕骨大孔区骨性减压＋小脑扁桃体切除＋枕大池重建术、枕骨大孔区骨性减压＋脊髓空洞分流术。术后进行回访。结果：68例患者除1例症状加重、6例症状无明显变化外,其余均有不同程度好转。结论：对临床表现不同的Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞患者采用不同的手术方式,可以获得良好的治疗效果。     

Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞症的MRI分型及临床意义

目的：对Chiari畸形（小脑扁桃体下疝）的MRI影像研究，不同类型采用不同的手术治疗方法及其效果的探讨。方法：对33例Chiari畸形病例根据其MRI征象分为A，B，C三种类型，根据不同类型采取不同的手术方式。结果：均获得了较为满意的治疗效果。其中行后颅窝减压23例；后颅窝减压，并小脑扁桃体切除并枕大池重建6例；后颅窝减压，并空洞分流4例。结论：根据不同的MRI分型采用不同的手术方式，可使延颈髓充分减压，有效缓解临床症状，使脊髓空洞明显缩小或消失。     

Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞手术治疗的临床研究

目的探讨Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞手术治疗方法及效果。方法对40例患者经MRI证实的Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞患者采用后颅窝减压术、软膜下切除部分小脑扁桃体、枕大池扩大重建、脊髓空洞穿刺或分流术等综合手术治疗。结果40例Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞者中,术后症状消失和症状明显改善35例,有效率87．5％。结论针对Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞发病机制及关键性问题采用相应的手术方式,可获得良好的治疗效果。     

显微外科治疗Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞75例临床分析

目的探讨显微外科治疗Chiari畸形并脊髓空洞（CM-SM）的临床效果,并讨论分析相关问题。方法回顾性分析75例CM-SM手术患者的临床资料。结果术后随访3个月至2年,有效68例,占90.67%（68/75）,无效7例,占9.33%（7/75）。结论外科手术同时行枕下减压＋小脑扁桃体切除＋枕大池重建治疗CM-SM患者效果良好。     

Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症后颅窝扩大成形手术方式探讨

目的:探讨扩大重建后颅窝不同大小减压骨窗对治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症脊髓功能恢复的作用.方法:87例Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症病人行枕大池成形术,其中51例行后颅窝大骨窗减压与36例行后颅窝小骨窗减压手术治疗效果分析,定期随访.结果:术后大骨窗减压51例患者中,22(43.1 %)例症状改善明显,10例症状无明显变化,5例病情加重;小骨窗减压36例患者中,28(77.8 %)例症状改善明显,3例病情稳定.小骨窗减压术后症状改善明显、远期效果稳定.结论:后颅窝骨窗减压硬脑膜修补术是治疗Chiari的有效方法,小骨窗减压具有创伤小、症状改善明显和疗效稳定的优势.     

Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的手术治疗

目的探讨治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的手术方法及其效果。方法对41例Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症病例采用不同手术方式进行治疗，31例行颅后窝减压术，10例行显微颅后窝减压 硬膜扩大成形术。结果采用颅后窝减压术的31例中有28例(占90．3％)症状好转，采用显微颅后窝减压 硬膜扩大成形术的10例症状均较术前明显好转。结论对Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症病例采用颅后窝减压术，疗效较满意；采用显微颅后窝减压 硬膜扩大成形术可提高疗效，减少并发症。     

Surgical treatment of craniocervical decompression without Chiari malformation in syringomyelia

We aimed to describe a patient without Chiari malformation who was treated via craniocervical decompression and by creating cisterna manga with an autologous fascia graft, and who displayed a clinical and radiological improvement in the post-operative period. Syringomyelia is a chronic and progressive disease with cavitation and gliosis in the spinal cord. It is more common in adulthood and often involves the cervical region. Due to the fact that craniocervical decompression therapy is successful in syringomyelia with Chiari malformation, this surgical treatment is currently controversial in syringomyelia without Chiari malformation. A 33-year-old male applied to our clinic with numbness and weakness in his left hand that had lasted for 2 years, but his condition had worsened in recent months, with neck pain before over previous the 8 months and a walking disturbance that had appeared 7 months before. Syringomyelia was found between the C2 and T8 vertebrae levels on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The patient was diagnosed with syringomyelia and underwent suboccipital decompression. Cisterna magna was created by duraplasty with a fascia lata graft. Consequently, craniocervical decompression might be accepted as a treatment method of choice in patients with syringomyelia without Chiari malformation.     

Arnold-Chiari畸形合并脊髓积水的手术疗效分析

目的: 探讨枕大池扩大重建术治疗Arnold-Chiari畸形合并脊髓积水的疗效。方法: 回顾性分析13例Arnold-Chisri畸形合并脊髓积水患者的临床表现,采用枕大池扩大重建术治疗。结果: 13例患者术后症状明显好转,MRI复查示脊髓空洞腔明显缩小。结论: 枕大池扩大重建术治疗Arnold-Chiari畸形合并脊髓积水安全有效。     

Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in Chiari malformation associated with syringomyelia

Background About 50%--70% of patients with Chiad malformation I （CMI） presented with syringomyelia （SM）, which is supposed to be related to abnormal cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） flow around the foramen magnum. The aim of this study was to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at levels of the aqueduct and upper cervical spine in patients with CMI associated with SM, and to discuss the possible mechanism of formation of SM. Methods From January to Apdl 2004, we examined 10 adult patients with symptomatic CMI associated with SM and 10 healthy volunteers by phase-contrast MRI. CSF flow patterns were evaluated at seven regions of interest （ROI）： the aqueduct and ventral and dorsal subarachnoid spaces of the spine at levels of the cerebellar tonsil, C2-3, and C5-6. The CSF flow waveforms were analyzed by measuring CSF circulation time, durations and maximum velocities of cranial- and caudal-directed flows, and the ratio between the two maximum velocities. Data were analyzed by ttest using SPSS 11.5. Results We found no definite communication between the fourth ventricle and syringomyelia by MRI in the 10 patients. In both the groups, we observed cranial-directed flow of CSF in the early cardiac systolic phase, which changed the direction from cranial to caudal from the middle systolic phase to the early diastolic phase, and then turned back in cranial direction in the late diastolic phase. The CSF flow disappeared at the dorsal ROI at the level of C2-3 in 3 patients and 1 volunteer, and at the level of C5-6 in 6 patients and 3 volunteers. The durations of CSF circulation at all the ROIs were significantly shorter in the patients than those in the healthy volunteers （P=-0.014 at the midbrain aqueduct, P=-0.019 at the inferior margin of the cerebellar tonsil, P=-0.014 at the level of C2-3, and P=-0.022 at the level of C5-6）. No significant difference existed between the two groups in the initial point and duration of the caudal-directed CSF flow during a cardiac cycle at all the ROIs. The maximum velocities of both cranial- and caudal-directed CSF flows were significantly higher in the patients than those in the volunteers at the aqueduct （P=-0.018 and P=-0.007） and ventral ROI at the inferior margin of the cerebellar tonsil （P〈0.001 and P=-0.002）, as so did the maximum velocities of the caudal-directed flow in the ventral and dorsal ROIs at the level of C2-3 （P=-0.004; P=-0.007）. Conclusions The direction of CSF flow changes in accordance with cardiac cycle. The syringomyelia in patients with CMI may be due to the decreased circulation time and abnormal dynamics of the CSF in the upper cervical segment. The decompression of the foramen magnum with dural plasty is an alternative for patients with CMI associated with SM.     

Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的改良锁孔手术

Chiari畸形是一组以后颅窝狭小伴小脑扁桃体下疝畸形为特点的先天发育异常性疾病,常合并脊髓空洞症。目前手术治疗方法较多,疗效差异较大。2005年1月-2008年12月,笔者科室收治Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症56例,采用后颅窝改良锁孔手术,行小骨窗减压及枕大池成形,治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症18例,效果良好,现报道如下。     

Arnold-Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的外科治疗(附32例报告)

目的：探讨Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的手术治疗方法。方法：分析我科收治的32例Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症患者进行手术治疗，以后颅窝减压、小脑扁桃体切除、脊髓空洞穿刺、松解四脑室正中孔蛛网膜粘连为主，达到解除后脑受压，解除粘连，恢复枕大孔区CSF循环通畅的目的。结果：随访24例患者中，临床症状完全消失18例，好转2例，术前有头痛、颈痈或肩臂病症状者均有显著减轻，3例自觉症状无变化，复查MRI显示21例空洞明显缩小。结论：后颅窝减压、松解四脑室正中孔蛛网膜粘连，恢复枕大孔区CSF循环通畅是手术治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的关键。     

枕大池重建术治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症

目的探讨枕大池重建术治疗Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的操作要点及治疗效果。方法回顾分析我院及南京军区南京总医院2004年1月-2011年12月收治的43例Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症患者的临床资料,所有患者均行手术治疗,枕下正中入路,以枕骨大孔为中心,咬除枕骨鳞部及寰椎后弓,“Y”形切开硬脑膜,电灼缩小或部分切除小脑扁桃体,分离粘连开放正中孔,扩大修补硬脑膜。结果43例患者中40例症状明显改善,2例无明显好转,1例有所加重,术后复查MRI示39例患者脊髓空洞均有不同程度缩小甚至消失,4例无明显缩小,无空洞扩大。结论后颅凹减压、小脑扁桃体部分切除、开放正中孔、扩大硬膜修补能显著改善Chiari畸形合并脊髓空洞症的临床症状,是目前治疗该疾病的有效手术方法。     

Chiari畸形／脊髓空洞伴发脊柱侧凸的临床治疗

目的探讨Chiari畸形／脊髓空洞伴发脊柱侧凸的临床诊治,并分析手术疗效。方法16例Chiari畸形／脊髓空洞伴发脊柱侧凸患者的治疗方案分为两组：A组后颅窝减压／脊髓空洞引流术加支具矫形（6例）;B组后颅窝减压／脊髓空洞引流术加脊柱侧凸手术矫形（10例）。结果全部手术均顺利完成,术后无神经并发症,术后恢复平稳;患者的肌力,痛温觉均有不同程度的好转,脊髓空洞缩小,A组脊柱侧凸畸形无明显加重,B组脊柱侧凸平均矫正率胸弯73．2％,腰弯61．7％。矫正率丢失小。结论Chiari畸形／脊髓空洞伴发脊柱侧凸一期或短时间内分期行后颅窝减压／脊髓空洞引流术加脊柱侧凸矫形术是可行的。不增加神经并发症的发生率,不会影响矫形的结果。