多螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对不稳定粥样硬化斑块的诊断价值

目的探讨多螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对冠心病患者冠状动脉不稳定粥样硬化斑块的诊断价值。方法对148例临床拟诊冠心病的患者进行多螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查。重建并显示冠状动脉分支血管,测量冠状动脉狭窄程度、长度;对成像质量为Ⅰ级的冠状动脉分支的171段粥样硬化斑块采用彩色编码技术进行标记和测算。结果多螺旋CT冠状动脉成像彩色编码技术检出不稳定斑块55块,其中37个斑块导致冠状动脉Ⅱ级狭窄,11个斑块导致冠状动脉Ⅲ级狭窄。结论多螺旋CT冠状动脉成像技术能鉴别冠状动脉斑块的性质,为早期发现不稳定斑块提供了一种比较可靠的检查方法 。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像与冠状动脉造影对照研究

目的评价64层螺旋CT诊断冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的临床应用价值。方法40例临床诊断或可疑冠心病患者行64层螺旋CT心电门控平扫及增强扫描,并以冠状动脉造影结果作为对照。得出64层螺旋CT冠状动脉CT血管成像(CTA)诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确性、敏感性、特异性。结果64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像用于诊断冠心病的敏感性为87.1%,特异性为67.5%,准确性为80.0%。结论①64层螺旋CT检查是一种无创、快捷的冠状动脉血管检查方法,对冠心病的诊断有较高的准确性。②与冠状动脉造影术相比,64层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像对冠状动脉血管狭窄程度判断仍有一定差异。     

64层螺旋CT在冠状动脉评价中的应用价值

本文对64层螺旋CT在对冠状动脉狭窄病变的检测、粥样硬化斑块成像、钙化斑块成像、变异冠状动脉成像、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗和冠状动脉旁路移植术后冠状动脉成像进行了综述。     

64层螺旋CT成像与导管法造影检测冠状动脉狭窄的对照研究

目的探讨64层螺旋CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化病变的显示情况及临床价值。方法对69例临床诊断或疑诊冠心病的患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查及导管法冠状动脉造影。冠状动脉管腔内径减少>50%定义为显著狭窄。结果在69例患者冠状动脉的788节段(血管直径≥1.5mm)中,CT图像能够满足管腔评价者为778节段(98.7%),其中64层螺旋CT显示中度或中度以上狭窄(≥50%)的敏感性和特异性分别为81.9%和99.0%,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为95.9%和95.1%。如果在方法学上进行校正,敏感性将达91.8%。结论64层螺旋CT显示冠状动脉狭窄的准确性(95.2%)较高,在冠状动脉疾病的初步诊断以及介入治疗的筛选方面,是一种颇具潜力的无创性检查方法,但尚不能完全取代传统的导管法冠状动脉造影。     

多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉血管的评价

多层螺旋CT作为一种安全、非侵入性的冠状动脉粥样硬化病变检查方法已为人们接受。其临床应用有着很大的潜力,它不仅可以发现显著的冠状动脉狭窄,还可以检出尚未引起狭窄的钙化及非钙化(脂质及纤维)斑块,随着技术进步,多层螺旋CT有可能取代冠状动脉造影完成对早期亚临床冠状动脉疾病的筛查。冠状动脉钙化积分对冠状动脉的评价要优于传统风险因素,它对总的冠状动脉的斑块负荷的评估可以提供更有力的预测。它还可用于其它冠状动脉疾病的评价。现主要介绍多层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像的临床应用现状。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像技术在冠心病诊断中的价值

临床疑诊及确诊为冠心病患者108例,分别行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像扫描和冠状动脉造影(CAC),比较两种方法对血管狭窄程度和斑块显示情况.108例患者共分析了432个支血管,以CAG结果为金标准,64层螺旋CT对冠状动脉病变总的诊断敏感性为94.51%,特异性为94.40%,阳性预测值为92.47%,阴性预测值为95.94%.认为64层螺旋CT可作为一种诊断冠状动脉疾病的非创伤性方法用于临床.     

老年性冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的MSCT检测及质量分析

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对冠状动脉粥样硬化软、硬斑块的检出及诊断的价值。方法应用SIEMENSSensation16层螺旋CT对86例60岁以上疑有或拟诊断为冠心病的患者行冠状动脉检查,采用回顾性心电门控技术对采集的数据进行图像后处理。结果多平面重建(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积积分技术(VRT)、仿真内镜(CTVE)处理方法评价斑块及狭窄敏感性、准确性各有优势;成像质量受设备,检查方法,重建,多方面因素的影响。结论MSCT评价冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的检查方法简单易行,病人易耐受;Cascoring评价结果与金标准接近。     

冠状动脉CT血管成像对心肌桥及其相关冠状动脉病变的诊断价值

目的探讨128层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像(CTA)诊断心肌桥(MB)及其相关冠状动脉病变的临床价值。方法回顾性分析该院2015-01~2015-12间300例行冠状动脉CTA检查患者的影像及临床资料,对MB的检出率、MB的厚度、壁冠状动脉(MCA)管腔狭窄程度、MB相关冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块进行评估分析。结果 300例患者中92例(107处)存在MB-MCA,纵深型MB厚度约为(3.15±1.12)mm。MCA管腔狭窄情况:舒张期MCA轻度狭窄22例,中度狭窄8例;收缩期MCA管腔轻度狭窄75例,管腔中度狭窄15例,重度狭窄6例。107处MCA近端发现冠状动脉粥样斑块46例,其中近端血管管腔轻度狭窄37例,中度狭窄6例,重度狭窄3例。结论 128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像具有无创性,可以准确测量MB的厚度,通过多期重建对MCA管腔狭窄进行评价,对MB相关的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块进行分析,为临床下一步检查及治疗方案选择提供更多信息。     

老年人多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉狭窄的研究

目的评价64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在诊断老年患者冠状动脉狭窄中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析39例患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影的老年患者(>65岁)的影像资料,在15段分段法的基础上,评价每段冠状动脉CT造影的图像质量;以传统X线冠状动脉造影为“金标准”,评价CT血管造影诊断冠状动脉狭窄及其程度的价值。结果多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影(MSCTA)评价冠状动脉狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为98.9%(90/91)、98.2%(426/434)、91.8%(90/98)和99.8%(426/427)。冠状动脉MSCTA与传统X线冠状动脉造影(CAG)对血管狭窄程度评价具有很好的一致性。结论多层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在诊断老年人冠心病中具有重要的临床应用价值。     

冠状动脉钙化在冠心病高危人群发生频率的研究

冠状动脉钙化和动脉粥样硬化存在着密切关系,病理研究证实钙化仅发生于血管壁有粥样硬化的病变处,是冠状动脉粥样硬化发展到一定程度的结果.本文应用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)血管成像方法对40岁以上疑似冠心病及正常人群冠状动脉钙化研究,探讨冠心病高危人群冠状动脉钙化发生率.     

40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断和随访中的价值

目的:分析897例临床确诊或疑似冠心病患者的40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像结果,以探讨40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在冠心病诊断和随访中的价值.方法:262例临床确诊和579例疑似冠心病患者予以40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,经最大密度投影、容积重建和曲面多平面重建等后处理,其中207 例患者曾行选择性冠状动脉造影检查,将40层螺旋CT冠脉成像检查结果对照冠状动脉造影检查结果计算其敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.有135例患者1年后再次做40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查.结果:94%患者冠状动脉成像图像可用于分析.有斑块伴中重度狭窄病例512例,包括单支病变 216例,2支病变169例,3支病变127例.男女性可疑冠心病患者40层螺旋CT 冠状动脉成像结果显示:无斑块或有斑块伴轻度狭窄的比例女性患者为56.98%(200/351),男性患者为45.18%(103/228),χ~2 =7.72,P<0.01,随着年龄的增长,冠状动脉多支病变逐渐增多.207例多层螺旋CT 冠状动脉成像与冠状动脉造影结果对比显示,冠状动脉分支血管有意义狭窄( ≥50%)的敏感性为84.5%(223/264);特异性为97.3%(1117/1148);阳性预测值为87.8%(223/254);阴性预测值为96.5%(1117/1158);准确性为94.9%(1340/1412).135例患者1年后重复40层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像显示有斑块消失6处、有斑块缩小5处、有新斑块出现9处、有斑块扩大10处.结论:40 层螺旋C T 作为无创性冠状动脉病变诊断技术可作为冠心病筛查,随访的良好方法,尤其适合临床症状较多的女性患者的鉴别诊断以及合并有高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的高龄患者的随访.     

Quantification of obstructive and nonobstructive coronary lesions by 64-slice computed tomography: a comparative study with quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice computed tomography (CT) to identify and quantify atherosclerotic coronary lesions in comparison with catheter-based angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). BACKGROUND: Currently, the ability of multislice CT to quantify the degree of coronary artery stenosis and dimensions of coronary plaques has not been evaluated. METHODS: We included 59 patients scheduled for coronary angiography due to stable angina pectoris. A contrast-enhanced 64-slice CT (Senation 64, Siemens Medical Solutions, Forchheim, Germany) was performed before the invasive angiogram. In a subset of 18 patients, IVUS of 32 vessels was part of the catheterization procedure. RESULTS: In 55 of 59 patients, 64-slice CT enabled the visualization of the entire coronary tree with diagnostic image quality (American Heart Association 15-segment model). The overall correlation between the degree of stenosis detected by quantitative coronary angiography compared with 64-slice CT was r = 0.54. Sensitivity for the detection of stenosis <50%, stenosis >50%, and stenosis >75% was 79%, 73%, and 80%, respectively, and specificity was 97%. In comparison with IVUS, 46 of 55 (84%) lesions were identified correctly. The mean plaque areas and the percentage of vessel obstruction measured by IVUS and 64-slice CT were 8.1 mm2 versus 7.3 mm2 (p < 0.03, r = 0.73) and 50.4% versus 41.1% (p < 0.001, r = 0.61), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast-enhanced 64-slice CT is a clinically robust modality that allows the identification of proximal coronary lesions with excellent accuracy. Measurements of plaque and lumen areas derived by CT correlated well with IVUS. A major limitation is the insufficient ability of CT to exactly quantify the degree of stenosis.     

64排CT冠状动脉斑块分析对冠状动脉直接支架术指导作用的研究

目的 探讨64排CT冠状动脉斑块分析对冠状动脉直接支架术的指导意义.方法 连续入选接受64排CT冠状动脉成像（CTA）并冠状动脉直接支架术治疗的患者42例,置入支架44枚.根据支架释放后有无残余狭窄分为2组,组间对比64排CT冠状动脉成像所示斑块的性质、斑块的CT值、钙化长度、横断面最大钙化面积.结果 残余狭窄组患者斑块的最大CT值大于无残余狭窄组（P＜0.01）.Logistic回归分析显示,当斑块的CT值达到648～679时,支架释放时出现残余狭窄的概率为70％～90％.结论 冠状动脉直接支架术支架释放后出现残余狭窄与斑块的最大CT值有关,当斑块有明显大的CT值时,采用直接支架术需谨慎.     

64层螺旋CT对老年冠状动脉疾病患者的诊断价值评价

目的探讨64层螺旋CT对老年冠状动脉疾病患者的诊断价值。方法对61例疑为冠心病的老年患者进行冠状动脉64层螺旋CT扫描,并于1周之内进行冠状动脉造影检查。以冠状动脉造影为“金标准”,评价冠状动脉64层螺旋CT诊断老年冠状动脉疾病患者的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度。结果61例患者总计915个冠状动脉节段,64层螺旋CT能够评价其中882个节段(96．4％),其检测中度以上冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性75．6％,特异性88．1％,阳性预测值64．0％,阴性预测值92．8％,准确度85．4％。结论64层螺旋CT对老年冠状动脉疾病患者具有较高的诊断价值,有可能成为筛查老年人冠心病的一个较为可靠的无创检测手段     

Assessment of coronary plaque morphology by contrast-enhanced computed tomographic angiography: comparison with intravascular ultrasound

BACKGROUND: Computed tomographic (CT) angiography provides accurate noninvasive assessment for coronary artery stenosis. The ability of CT angiography to determine plaque morphology remains unclear. METHODS: Twelve patients undergoing intravascular ultrasound for clinical indications underwent CT angiography for the evaluation of plaque morphology. Plaque morphology was classified as (1) soft, (2) fibrous, (3) fibrocalcific or (4) calcific. CT angiography data sets were evaluated for the presence and morphology of plaque in the coronary artery segments. The results were blindly compared with intravascular ultrasound results on a segment by segment basis using angiographic landmarks. RESULTS: Fifty-nine coronary segments were analyzed; 10 segments were normal and 49 contained plaque. Plaque morphology by intravascular ultrasound was soft in 12 segments, fibrous in four, fibrocalcific in 29 and calcific in four. To determine coronary segments with any plaque, CT angiography had a sensitivity of 100% (49 of 49) and specificity of 90% (9 of 10). To determine plaque morphology as calcified (fibrocalcific and calcific) versus noncalcified (soft and fibrous), CT angiography had a sensitivity of 100% (33 of 33) and a specificity of 94% (15 of 16). Overall accuracy for CT angiography to determine plaque morphology was 92% (54 of 59). CT angiography density values (Hounsfield units, mean+/-standard deviation) were significantly different for each plaque morphology: soft 23+/-71, fibrous 108+/-79, fibrocalcific 299+/-112 and calcific 404+/-264 (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: CT angiography accurately characterized plaque morphology and may be a useful tool in noninvasive evaluation of plaque morphology during drug therapy trials.     

64排螺旋CT在冠脉支架植入术后随访中的应用

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT血管成像技术在冠脉支架植入术后随访中的应用价值.方法 18例支架植入术后患者,术后3～20个月接受64排螺旋CT检查,多层螺旋CT增强扫描结合回顾性心电门控技术.患者同时接受选择性冠状动脉造影.结果 64排螺旋CT血管成像的检查结果显示,18例患者接受植入的28个支架中,22个支架通畅,3个支架完全闭塞,与选择性冠状动脉造影结果相一致;另外3个支架因为伪影的影响不能被评价.结论 64排螺旋CT是评价支架通畅与否的一项新的很有价值的无创方法.     

Comparison of coronary minimal lumen area quantification by sixty-four-slice computed tomography versus intravascular ultrasound for intermediate stenosis

The present study assessed 64-slice computed tomographic accuracy to quantify minimal lumen area (MLA) and determine lesion severity in intermediate stenosis by angiography compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Sixty-four-slice computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be effective in coronary stenotic assessment by visual estimation compared with angiography. However, angiography is not an accurate gold standard for intermediate stenotic quantification compared with IVUS. Forty patients (54 lesions) with 30% to 70% coronary stenosis by angiography in a major coronary branch were included. All patients underwent quantitative angiography, retrospective electrocardiographically gated 64-slice CT (Siemens), and IVUS (40-MHz Atlantis; Boston Scientific). MLA was manually traced by 2 blinded and independent operators on 64-slice computed tomographic cross-sectional reconstruction and compared with IVUS MLA. A lesion was considered significant if the MLA was 相似文献   

An evaluation of the effectiveness of applying 16-slice computed tomography (CT) to coronary arteries in preoperative aortic valve replacement

An evaluation of the effectiveness of applying 16-slice Computed Tomography (CT) to coronary arteries in preoperative aortic valve replacement. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of using 16-slice CT to diagnose a significant stenosis in coronary arteries in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 patients were included in the study. After a medium contrast injection, CT images of the arteries were taken using 0.75 mm slices. We paired the images with an ECG. Segments smaller than 1.5 mm were discarded, and the results were compared to those from the coronary angiography. RESULTS: A satisfactory visualization of the coronary network was obtained for 80% (40/50) of the patients. For these 40 patients, 23 of the 29 patients without coronary stenosis were correctly classified but 4 of the 11 patients with coronary lesions were not recognized. The sensitivity of the multi-slice CT in detecting a least one significant coronary stenosis is 63.6%, the specificity 79.3%, positive predictive value 53.8% and negative predictive value 85.2%. CONCLUSION: the 16-slice CT is a relatively effective and minimally invasive tool to highlight before valve replacement significant coronary stenosis in arteries greater than 1.5 mm in diameter in patients with severe aortic valvular stenosis. CT technology is currently insufficient for diagnosis, but we hope that with advances in multi-slice CT engineering, its use will help patients avoid invasive coronary angiographies.     

Diagnostic performance of 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography to detect significant coronary artery stenosis

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) to detect significant coronary artery stenosis with comparison to conventional coronary angiography (CCA). METHODS: In 100 patients (70 men, average age 58 +/- 10 years and age range 31-75 years) scheduled to have conventional coronary angiography, MSCT was performed before catheterization (within 2 months). All patients were in sinus rhythm, able to hold breath for 15 seconds, and had serum creatinine levels < 1.5 mg/dl. MSCT scans were analysed by a radiologist and a cardiologist. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the detection of significant stenoses by MSCT in comparison with CCA were calculated on patient, vessel, and segmental bases. RESULTS: 64-slice computed tomography is able to detect significant coronary artery stenosis on a segmental basis with a sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 99% when compared with CCA. All patients with significantly stenotic coronary artery disease are correctly diagnosed. The presence of significant stenosis was correctly diagnosed by MSCT in 126 of 144 segments. Twelve non-significant lesions on CCA were overestimated by MSCT. On vessel-based analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of MSCT for detecting significant stenosis were 91% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that 64-slice computed coronary angiography is a reliable diagnostic modality for the detection of significant coronary artery stenosis in patients with sinus rhythm and scheduled to have CCA, but still has limitations of diagnostic performance on a per-segment and per-vessel basis.     

脑梗死伴冠状动脉狭窄的患病率及相关因素研究

目的 探讨脑梗死患者冠状动脉(冠脉)狭窄的患病率及其相关因素.方法 112例患者脑血管造影后行冠脉造影检查,对临床资料和冠脉狭窄之间的关系进行多因素logistic回归分析.结果 112例患者中,冠脉狭窄患病率为46.4%;经脑血管造影证实的95例脑梗死患者中,冠脉狭窄患病率为51.6%.多元logistic回归分析表明,年龄、高血压、高血脂、脑动脉显著狭窄是冠脉狭窄的独立预测因素.结论 对于脑梗死患者,尤其是年龄≥65岁,合并高血压、高血脂、脑动脉显著狭窄,脑血管造影后应行心脏64排CT常规筛查,以便早期发现冠脉狭窄.