摆式矫治器结合直丝弓矫治器治疗Ⅱ类错的疗效分析

目的 分析安氏Ⅱ类错患者经摆式矫治器结合直丝弓矫治器治疗后的牙颌面结构变化,探讨此方法建立正常咬合关系的机制。方法 选择牙源性安氏Ⅱ类错患者24例,在治疗前(T1期)、推磨牙向远中后(T2期)、直丝弓矫治结束后(T3期),拍摄头颅定位侧位片。采用SPSS12.0软件包进行配对t检验。结果 ①T1期-T2期,上颌第一二磨牙均远中移动,但伴随着上颌切牙唇倾、第一前磨牙近中移动并倾斜、第一磨牙远中倾斜及下颌平面顺时针旋转等副作用。②T1期-T3期,下颌综合长度、前下面高和升支高度增加显著(P<0.01)。上颌第一前磨牙、第一磨牙的矢状向位置无显著性差异,切牙唇倾2.9°(P<0.05)。即使增强了支抗控制,固定矫治阶段上颌第一磨牙近中移动3.0mm(P<0.01)。结论 摆式矫治器可以有效的远中移动上颌磨牙,但是Ⅰ类磨牙关系的建立是颌骨差异性生长和牙齿移动的综合结果。     

改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓矫治安氏Ⅱ1错（牙合）19例报告

目的:探讨改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓矫治安氏Ⅱ1错牙合的临床疗效.方法:应用改良摆式矫治器及口外弓对19例平均年龄13.4岁,第二磨牙已萌出的牙性安氏Ⅱ1错牙合进行治疗,进行矫治前后X线头影测量分析.结果:改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓,能同时推第一、第二磨牙向远中移动,直至磨牙为Ⅰ类或偏近中关系,上颌磨牙平均每月向远中移动1.3 mm.并能同步打开咬合,导下颌向前.结论:改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓矫治牙性Ⅱ1错牙合是一种较好的方法.     

改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓矫治安氏Ⅱ~1错19例报告

目的 :探讨改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓矫治安氏Ⅱ1错牙合的临床疗效。方法 :应用改良摆式矫治器及口外弓对 19例平均年龄 13 .4岁 ,第二磨牙已萌出的牙性安氏Ⅱ1错牙合进行治疗 ,进行矫治前后X线头影测量分析。结果 :改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓 ,能同时推第一、第二磨牙向远中移动 ,直至磨牙为Ⅰ类或偏近中关系 ,上颌磨牙平均每月向远中移动 1.3mm。并能同步打开咬合 ,导下颌向前。结论 :改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓矫治牙性Ⅱ1错牙合是一种较好的方法。     

改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓矫治安氏Ⅱ^1错He19例报告

目的：探讨改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓矫治安氏Ⅱ^1错He的临床疗效。方法：应用改良摆式矫治器及口外弓对19例平均年龄13．4岁，第二磨牙已萌出的牙性安氏Ⅱ^1错He进行治疗，进行矫治前后X线头影测量分析。结果：改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓，能同时推第一、第二磨牙向远中移动，直至磨牙为Ⅰ类或偏近中关系，上颌磨牙平均每月向远中移动1．3mm。并能同步打开咬合，导下颌向前。结论：改良摆式矫治器联合口外弓矫治牙性Ⅱ^1错He是一种较好的方法。     

改良蛙式矫治器远中移动上颌磨牙临床初探

目的：比较改良蛙式矫治器与摆式矫治器远中移动上颌磨牙的临床疗效。方法：将20例需远中移动上颌磨牙病例分成两组,改良蛙式矫治器组8例,摆式矫治器组12例。对矫治前及磨牙移动至中性关系后的头颅定位侧位片进行测量,并通过成组设计的t检验分析两组牙颌面形态变化的差异。结果：①改良蛙式矫治器组与摆式矫治器组在上颌第一磨牙远中移动距离、远中倾斜程度、矫治时间及速率上无明显统计学差异（P〉0．05）。②改良蛙式矫治器组上颌第二前磨牙远中移动1．83±1．21mm,远中倾斜7．50°±7．07°摆式矫治器组上颌第二前磨牙近中移动1．79±2．44mm,近中倾斜4．33°±3．73°两组问有明显统计学差异（P〈0．01）。③改良蛙式矫治器组上颌中切牙近中移动0．17±0．52mm,远中倾斜0．580±1．74°摆式矫治器组上颌中切牙近中移动2．96±2．46mm,近中倾斜7．08°±7.48°两组问有明显统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：改良蛙式矫治器能不依赖患者配合,有效地远中移动上颌磨牙,并且相比较摆式矫治器能有效地减少前牙支抗丧失,适用于安氏Ⅱ类错胎畸形的矫治。     

改良"摆"式矫治器推磨牙远移12例分析

目的:研究改良"摆"式矫治器对(牙合)和面部骨骼结构的影响.方法:安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)12例,采用改良"摆"式矫治器治疗.摆式矫治器推磨牙向远中的疗程为2～4个月.进行X线头影测量分析和模型测量分析.结果:①每侧磨牙平均向远中移动2.75 mm,主要为倾斜移动.②切牙牙冠平均向近中移动2.06 mm,主要为近中倾斜移动,前牙覆盖增加1.30 mm.前牙唇倾增加1.9°.③摆式矫治器改良后对面部骨骼结构无直接影响.结论:摆式矫治器能有效地远中移动上颌磨牙,快速矫正磨牙关系,但也可导致磨牙远中倾斜及切牙唇向倾斜移动.     

腭弓-Nance弓联合支抗预防摆式矫治术后复发的临床研究

目的探讨摆式矫治器治疗后腭弓联合Nance弓预防牙及骨骼复发的效果。方法选取10.1～13.6岁的牙性安氏Ⅱ类错患者20例,摆式矫治术推磨牙到远中位,观察3个月后拆除摆式矫治器,两治疗组均行MBT直丝弓托槽固定矫治术,对牙列作进一步矫治,对照组不作支抗保护,试验组采用Nance弓联合腭弓加强磨牙支抗,直至固定正畸治疗结束前,以X线片头影测量分析为测定手段。结果两治疗组的磨牙和下颌骨位置都有复发,但对照组的复发更明显,其差异有统计学意义。结论运用摆式矫治器远中移动上颌磨牙后,腭弓联合Nance弓联合支抗可有效预防术后复发。     

应用CBCT评价隐形矫治技术远中移动上颌磨牙的临床疗效

目的 通过锥形束计算机断层扫描(CBCT)三维测量评估隐形矫治技术远中移动上颌磨牙的疗效.方法 收集应用Invisalign隐形矫治器作上颌磨牙远中移动的病例,共15例,平均年龄27岁8个月.使用微种植体或Ⅱ类牵引增强前牙支抗,治疗前后分别拍摄CBCT.使用SimPlant 11.04软件测量上颌磨牙三维方向移动量和切牙近远中向移动量,与预期牙移动量作比较,使用SPSS 19.0软件包进行统计分析.结果 第一和第二磨牙预期远中移动量平均为(2.33±1.06) mm,实际移动量为(1.92±1.00)mm,表达率为82.4％.与预期移动量相比,上颌磨牙实际远中倾斜4.12°、颊向倾斜4.19°,第一磨牙压人0.99mm,第二磨牙压入1.88mm.磨牙三维方向的实际与预期移动量之间的差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而切牙的实际与预期近远中向位移无统计学差异(P.0.05).结论 Invisalign隐形矫治技术能够有效地远中移动上颌磨牙,伴有压入和轻微的远中和颊向倾斜.远中移动上颌磨牙时,使用微种植支抗或Ⅱ类牵引能够有效控制前牙支抗.     

口外弓在治疗上牙弓拥挤中的应用

目的：评价口外弓颈牵引推磨牙向远中矫治磨牙前移导致的上牙弓拥挤的临床疗效.方法：对12例磨牙前移的上牙弓拥挤患者,用口外弓推磨牙向远中,结合固定矫治器进行不拔牙矫治,结合X线头影测量分析及模型分析,评价口外弓的治疗作用.采用SPSS13.0统计学软件进行配对t检验.结果：上牙弓拥挤度减少3.0～6.0 mm,平均减少4.52mm（P＜0.05）.拥挤度的减轻主要来自于上颌第一磨牙向远中移动,治疗后Ptm-U6较治疗前减少1.2～3.5 mm,平均减少2.14mm.结论：口外弓推磨牙向远中是有效解决上颌磨牙前移导致的上牙弓拥挤的方法之一.     

口外弓联合滑动杆与单纯口外弓远移6│6的比较研究

目的　研究口外弓结合滑动杆推上颌第一磨牙远移矫治安氏Ⅱ类错牙合畸形磨牙远移的变化量。方法　 16例患者进行口外弓结合滑动杆与单纯口外弓推上颌第一磨牙远移的同体对照性研究 ,平均治疗 96 .37天 ,通过模型分析确定磨牙的移动量和扭转量。结果　口外弓结合滑动杆治疗侧磨牙均达安氏Ⅰ类关系 ,磨牙远移 3.0 0mm± 1.18mm ,而单纯口外弓治疗侧磨牙远移 0 .84mm± 0 .6 8mm(P <0 .0 1)。结论　口外弓结合滑动杆加速了磨牙远移的速度 ,同时兼有部分下颌磨牙的近中移动 ,加快了纠正磨牙安氏Ⅱ类牙合关系。     

Anchorage quality of deciduous molars versus premolars for molar distalization with a pendulum appliance.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess dental anchorage qualities when the pendulum appliance is used for distal molar movement. MATERIAL: Thirty adolescents in various dentition stages received a modified pendulum appliance with a distal screw and a specially preactivated pendulum spring for bilateral molar distalization in the maxilla. The subjects were subcategorized into 3 groups of 10 according to the dental anchorage used: deciduous molars, premolars and deciduous molars, or only premolars. Dentoalveolar effects and side effects in the anchorage unit and in the molar area were determined by cephalometric analysis. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of the measurements showed significant differences between groups in the extent of molar distalization and the resulting incisor protrusion. Distal tipping of the 6-year molars was significantly less severe (2.3 degrees +/- 1.58 degrees to the palatal plane and 2.55 degrees +/- 1.52 degrees to the anterior cranial base) in patients with premolar anchorage than in those with deciduous molar anchorage (6.15 degrees +/- 3.42 degrees and 6.35 degrees +/- 3.46 degrees ). Incisor protrusion was significantly more pronounced in patients with deciduous molar anchorage (2.75 +/- 1.4 mm) than in the other 2 groups (1.65 +/- 0.82 mm, mixed deciduous molar and premolar anchorage, and 1.75 +/- 0.75 mm, premolar anchorage). Additionally, incisor protrusion was translatory compared with controlled tipping in subjects with deciduous molar anchorage or premolar and deciduous molar anchorage. CONCLUSIONS: Deciduous molars and premolars can be used for anchorage for molar distalization with a pendulum appliance; however, anchorage with premolars only results in the least pronounced dentoalveolar side effects. The anchorage quality of deciduous molar and mixed deciduous molar/premolar anchorage is limited.     

改良式摆型矫治器远中移动上颌磨牙的疗效分析

目的 评价改良式摆型矫治器远中移动上颌磨牙的疗效。方法 选择14例牙性安氏Ⅱ类错的患者,应用改良式摆型矫治器远移上颌第一磨牙,通过矫治前和磨牙远移到位后的X线头影测量分析评价其疗效。结果 磨牙平均向远中移动3.85mm,牙冠远中倾斜3.22°;切牙近中倾斜移动2.08mm,覆盖增加1.68mm。结论 改良式摆型矫治器能有效地整体远中移动上颌磨牙,快速矫正磨牙关系,但也会引起少量的支抗丧失和切牙唇向移动。     

Combined Therapy with Pendulum and Lingual Arch Appliances in the Early Mixed Dentition

PATIENTS AND METHOD: In 20 patients with arch length deficiency and anterior crowding, pendulum and lingual arch appliances were inserted simultaneously in the upper and in the lower arch respectively to gain space. The patients were divided into two groups according to their dental eruption stage: ten children (six boys, four girls; mean age: 9 years, 6 months) were in the early mixed dentition, while an adolescent comparison group of the same size (three boys, seven girls; mean age: 12 years, 3 months) were in the permanent dentition at the beginning of treatment. AIM: The main purpose of the study was to investigate whether simultaneous therapy with pendulum and lingual arch appliances is to be recommended, i.e. whether this therapy should take place as interceptive treatment in the early mixed dentition or only in the permanent dentition in adolescence. Parameters were the extent and quality of dentoalveolar effects and the side effects (mesial movement of the incisors, protrusion of the incisors, tipping of molars). RESULTS: The treatment course was documented by means of study casts and lateral cephalograms. Assessment of the diagnostic records yielded the following findings: In the early treatment group the maxillary molars were distalized by the pendulum appliance by a mean distance of 4.0 +/- 1.46 mm, resulting in distal tipping by 6.1 +/- 2.18 degrees. The incisors were moved reciprocally by 1.08 +/- 1.06 mm to anterior and protruded by 7.65 +/- 4.84 degrees. In the comparison group molar distalization and molar tipping were less pronounced (2.86 +/- 1.54 mm/4.25 +/- 3.78 degrees ), while mesial movement of the incisors was comparably high at 1.62 +/- 0.99 mm. At only 3.8 +/- 2.9 degrees, incisor protrusion was significantly less pronounced than in the early treatment group (p = 0.045). The proportion of molar distalization in the total movement was higher in patients in the early mixed dentition: 79.83 +/- 15.38% vs 60.71 +/- 26.64%. During the early therapy with the lingual arch appliance in the lower arch, the molars were uprighted to the distal by 2.4 +/- 0.97 degrees and the incisors were tipped to labial by 5.0 +/- 1.83 degrees. In the adolescent control group, molar uprighting was less pronounced and the degree of incisor protrusion was significantly lower (2.75 +/- 1.11 degrees, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: With the appropriate indication, the combined therapy with the two compliance-independent appliances described can be recommended for gaining sagittal arch length in the early mixed dentition.     

A comparison of two intraoral molar distalization appliances: distal jet versus pendulum.

INTRODUCTION: This study compared the dentoalveolar and skeletal effects on Class II malocclusions of the distal jet with concurrent full fixed appliances and the pendulum appliance both followed by fixed appliances. METHODS: The 2 samples each consisted of 32 subjects (19 girls and 13 boys) with mean ages at the start of treatment of 12 years 3 months in the distal jet group and 12 years 6 months in the pendulum group. The durations of the distalization phase of treatment were 10 months in the distal jet group and 7 months in the pendulum group, and the durations of the second phase of treatment with fixed appliances were 18 months in the distal jet group and 24 months in the pendulum group. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at 3 observation times: before treatment, after distalization, and after orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: During molar distalization, the pendulum subjects showed significantly more distal molar movement and significantly less anchorage loss at both the premolars and the maxillary incisors than the distal jet subjects. The distal jet used simultaneously with fixed appliances and the pendulum were equal in their ability to move the molars bodily. Very little change occurred in the inclination of the mandibular plane at the end of the 2-phase treatment (less than 1 degrees ) in both groups. At the end of comprehensive treatment, the maxillary first molars were 0.6 mm mesial to their original positions in the distal jet group and 0.5 mm distal in the pendulum group. Nevertheless, total molar correction was identical in the 2 groups (3.0 mm), and both appliances were equally effective in achieving a Class I molar relationship. Simultaneous edgewise orthodontic treatment during molar distalization in the distal jet group shortened the overall treatment time but produced significant flaring of both maxillary and mandibular incisors at the end of treatment. The impact on the soft tissue profile was minimal with both appliances.     

Maxillary molar distalization with a bone-anchored pendulum appliance

To obtain an effective and compliance-free molar distalization without an anchorage loss, we designed the bone-anchored pendulum appliance (BAPA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of the anchoring screw, distalization of the maxillary molars, and the movement of teeth anterior to maxillary first molars. The study group comprised 10 patients (mean age 13.5 +/- 1.8 years) with Class II molar relationship. A conventional pendulum appliance was modified to obtain anchorage from an intraosseous screw instead of the premolars. The screw was placed in the anterior paramedian region of the median palatal suture. Skeletal and dental changes were measured on cephalograms, and dental casts were obtained before and after distalization. A super Class I molar relationship was achieved in a mean period of 7.0 +/- 1.8 months. The maxillary first molars distalized an average of 6.4 +/- 1.3 mm in the region of the dental crown by tipping distally an average of 10.9 degrees +/- 2.8 degrees . Also, the maxillary second premolar and first premolar moved distally an average of 5.4 +/- 1.3 mm and 3.8 +/- 1.1 mm, respectively. The premolars tipped significantly distally. No anterior incisor movement was detected. The BAPA was found to be an effective, minimally invasive, and compliance-free intraoral distalization appliance for achieving both molar and premolar distalization without any anchorage loss.     

Extraoral vs intraoral appliance for distal movement of maxillary first molars: a randomized controlled trial

Using randomized controlled trial methodology, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the treatment effects of an extraoral appliance (EOA) and an intraoral appliance (IOA) for distal movement of maxillary first molars. A total of 40 patients (mean 11.5 years, SD 1.29) at the Orthodontic Clinic, National Health Service, Skane County Council, Malm?, Sweden, were randomized to receive treatment with either extraoral traction (cervical headgear) or an IOA using superelastic coils for distal movement of maxillary first molars. The inclusion criteria were a nonextraction treatment plan, a Class II molar relationship and maxillary first molars in occlusion with no erupted maxillary second molars. The outcome measures to be assessed in the trial were treatment time, cephalometric analysis of distal molar movement, anterior movement of maxillary central incisors, ie, anchorage loss and sagittal and vertical skeletal positional changes of the maxilla and mandible. In the IOA group, the molars were distalized during an average time of 5.2 months, whereas in the EOA group the corresponding time was 6.4 months (P < .01). The mean amount of distal molar movement was significantly higher in the IOA than in the EOA group, three mm vs 1.7 mm (P < .001). Moderate anchorage loss was produced with the IOA implying increased overjet (0.9 mm) whereas the EOA created decreased overjet (0.9 mm). It can be concluded that the IOA was more effective than the EOA to create distal movement of the maxillary first molars.     

Posttreatment evaluation of the distal jet appliance.

This study analyzed molar distalization with the distal jet appliance, its effect on the anchor teeth, and the outcome at the completion of orthodontic treatment. Pretreatment, after distalization, and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated for 21 adolescent girls and 12 adolescent boys. The mean age of the subjects at the time of the pretreatment radiograph was 12.8 +/- 2.2 years. The mean time for the correction of the Class II molar relationship was 6.7 +/- 1.7 months, and the mean total treatment time was 25.7 +/- 3.9 months. The results of this study showed that the distal jet appliance distalized the maxillary molars, but there was significant loss of anchorage. The distal jet also showed less tipping of the maxillary molars and better bodily movement of molars because the force was applied closer to the center of resistance. The observations of treatment outcome indicate that the 1.8-mm mean net anterior movement of the maxillary first molar was more than offset by the 4.8-mm mesial movement of the mandibular first molar. There was no significant increase in lower face height. Consequently the effect on the facial balance was negligible.     

Effect of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, on orthodontic tooth movement in rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, on orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Sixty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats that initially weighed 250 +/- 20 g were used in this study. The animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 experimental and 2 control (nonappliance and appliance) groups. The experimental groups received 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 microg/kg misoprostol by gastric lavage every 24 hours for 2 weeks. A fixed orthodontic appliance consisting of a nickel-titanium closed-coil spring, 5.0 mm long was ligated between the maxillary right incisor and the maxillary right first molar. The initial activating force was 60 g. For analysis of root resorption, 99 maxillary right and left first molars from 61 animals were chosen. Serial histologic sections of the mesial root of the maxillary first molars were made, and histologic analysis of root resorption on the mesial and distal surfaces was performed. The results showed that oral misoprostol did increase the amount of orthodontic tooth movement in all the experimental groups compared with the appliance control group. This increase was statistically significant in doses of 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, and 100.0 microg/kg (P <.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences among these 4 different doses. There were no statistically significant differences in the amount of root resorption among the groups. However, a trend toward more root resorption was registered. On the basis of these findings, oral misoprostol can be used to enhance orthodontic tooth movement with minimal root resorption.     

摆形矫治器与直丝弓矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ类骨性Ⅰ类错畸形的研究

目的　分析安氏Ⅱ类骨性Ⅰ类错畸形患者经摆形矫治器结合直丝弓矫治器治疗后的牙颌面形态变化, 探讨此方法建立正常牙关系的机制。方法　10例接受摆形矫治器结合直丝弓矫治器治疗的安氏Ⅱ类骨性Ⅰ类 错患者,分别在治疗前(T1阶段)、摆形矫治器治疗后(T2阶段)及直丝弓矫治结束后(T3阶段)拍摄头颅定位侧位 片,对3个阶段牙齿、颌骨及软组织的位置变化进行测量及分析,同时观察上颌第二、三磨牙的位置和萌出情况。 结果　摆形矫治器治疗阶段上颌第一、二磨牙远中整体移动并适度远中倾斜,上切牙唇向倾斜,上齿槽座点前移; 直丝弓矫治后上颌第一、二磨牙位置与治疗前无明显差异,下齿槽座点和下颌第一磨牙明显前移;上颌第二磨牙萌 出顺利。结论　摆形矫治器可使上磨牙明显远中移动,但固定矫治结束后上磨牙前后位置因上颌骨生长和一定程 度的支抗丧失而有所复原;Ⅰ类磨牙关系的建立可能是上下磨牙差别移动和颌骨差别生长的综合结果。     

Soft tissue profile after distal molar movement with a pendulum K-loop appliance versus cervical headgear

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the soft tissue changes associated with the pendulum appliance that was supported with a K-loop buccally and to compare these treatment changes with a cervical headgear group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 30 patients having skeletal Class I, dental Class II malocclusions were divided to two groups. Group 1 consisted of 7 girls, 8 boys (mean age, 15.0 +/- 3.4 years), and Group 2 consisted of 10 girls, 5 boys (mean age 14.2 +/- 2.9 years). The first group was treated with a pendulum appliance that was supported with a K-loop buccally, and the second group was treated with cervical headgear. Lateral cephalograms were taken at the beginning of treatment and at the end of distal molar movement. Treatment changes within the groups were analyzed using the paired t-test, and between group changes were analyzed with the independent t-test. RESULTS: The results showed that the pendulum/K-loop appliance had no significant effect on skeletal and dental variables and soft tissue A point, upper lip thickness, and sagittal upper lip position relative to the E plane. A significant difference for the change in Vp-Ls distance was found in patients in the pendulum/K-loop group (P < .05). Patients in the cervical headgear group showed significant retrusion in skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The pendulum/K-loop appliance produces distal molar movement without causing any significant changes in the sagittal or vertical positions of either the jaw or the soft tissue profile.