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1.
Biard JM Schwarz U Davey MG Danzer E Johnson MP Flake AW Adzick SN Hedrick HL 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2008,43(4):620-626
Purpose
The present study investigates a new surgical approach in the treatment of left diaphragmatic hernia in fetal sheep. We postulated that unlike tracheal occlusion where both lungs are occluded, selective left main bronchus occlusion (LMBO) would accelerate growth of only the left lung, reduce left visceral herniation, and recover space in the both thoraces necessary for lung development.Methods
Left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) was surgically created in 8 fetal lambs at approximately 65 days of gestation; in 4 of these animals, LMBO was performed at approximately 118 days. Four sham-operated animals served as controls. Lambs were delivered by hysterotomy at 137 days. We measured lung-to-body weight ratios, alveolar surface area, septal wall thickness, and AE2 cell density in the left and right lungs.Results
Left main bronchus occlusion increased (P < .05) left lung growth causing severe right mediastinal shift but failed to reduce herniated abdominal viscera in 3 of 4 lambs. Wet lung-to-body weight ratio in LMBO group was similar to that of the control group; however, this was achieved by overgrowth of left lung, whereas the right wet lung-to-body weight ratio remained low. In the LMBO group, right lung AE2 cell density was higher than that of control group and not different to that of the CDH group.Conclusions
Left main bronchus occlusion failed to restore normal pulmonary development in CDH. 相似文献2.
Purpose
We have demonstrated that administration of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) protects the intestines from injury. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of HB-EGF gene disruption on intestinal restitution, angiogenesis, and long-term survival after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods
HB-EGF (−/−) and wild-type HB-EGF (+/+) littermate mice were subjected to 45 minutes of superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. Functional recovery of the gut permeability barrier was evaluated with Ussing chamber studies, and microvessel density was evaluated immunohistochemically. Animal survival was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Results
Histologic damage after ischemia was significantly higher in HB-EGF (−/−) mice compared with HB-EGF (+/+) mice, associated with a significantly higher number of incompetent (nonhealed, nonresurfaced) villi indicative of delayed structural healing by restitution. HB-EGF (−/−) mice had increased intestinal permeability after intestinal I/R. HB-EGF (−/−) mice had significantly lower microvessel density at 3 and 7 days after I/R, indicating that HB-EGF gene deletion resulted in delayed onset of angiogenesis. Two-week mortality rates were significantly higher in HB-EGF (−/−) mice.Conclusions
Endogenous HB-EGF significantly enhances healing by restitution, prolongs survival, and enhances angiogenesis in mice subjected to intestinal I/R injury. These findings support our hypothesis that HB-EGF administration may improve outcome in patients with intestinal I/R injury, including necrotizing enterocolitis. 相似文献3.
Purpose
The purpose of the study was to develop a prediction rule regarding the factors that most accurately predict the diagnosis of a malignancy in a lung nodule in the pediatric oncology patient.Methods
A retrospective review of pediatric oncology patients that underwent lung nodule resection between 1998 and 2007 was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to create a prediction rule.Results
Fifty pediatric oncology patients underwent 21 thoracotomies and 48 thoracoscopies to resect discrete lung nodules seen on computed tomographic scans during workup for metastasis or routine surveillance. The mean nodule size was 10.43 ± 7.08 mm. The most significant predictors of malignancy in a nodule were peripheral location (odds ratio [OR], 9.1); size between 5 and 10 mm (OR, 2.78); location within the right lower lobe (OR, 2.43); and patients with osteosarcoma (OR, 10.8), Ewing sarcoma (OR, 3.05), or hepatocellular carcinoma (OR, 2.38).Conclusions
Lesions that are between 5 and 10 mm in size and peripherally located in patients with osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, or hepatocellular carcinoma are most likely to be malignant. Use of a prediction rule can help guide clinical practice by determining which patients should undergo surgical resection of lung nodules and which patients may be closely observed with continued radiologic studies. 相似文献4.
Gendy AS Lipskar A Glick RD Steinberg BM Edelman M Soffer SZ 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2011,46(1):108-114
Background/Purpose
Mammalian target of rapamycin suppression by rapamycin inhibits tumor growth and neovascularization via cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) downregulation with no effect on lung metastases. We hypothesize that combining a selective COX-2 antagonist (celecoxib) with rapamycin would decrease lung metastases.Methods
Ewing sarcoma cells (SK-NEP-1) were surgically implanted into the left kidney of athymic mice (n = 40). The mice were divided into 4 treatment groups (control, rapamycin only, celecoxib only, and combination) and then killed at 6 weeks. Primary tumors were weighed. Vasculature was examined using lectin angiography and immunohistochemistry, and lung metastases were examined using H&E and CD99 immunostaining. Tumor weight and lung metastases were analyzed.Results
Mean primary tumor weights were significantly reduced in the rapamycin-treated groups but not in the celecoxib-only group. Lectin angiography and endothelial markers immunostaining showed markedly decreased vascularity in the rapamycin-treated groups but not in the celecoxib-only group. Celecoxib-treated groups showed significantly fewer mice with lung metastases than non-celecoxib-treated groups.Conclusion
Celecoxib prevents lung metastasis in a murine model of Ewing sarcoma with no effect on tumor size or neovascularization. Cyclooxygenase-2 may represent a future potential target for metastatic disease prevention. 相似文献5.
Merritt RE Yamada RE Wasif N Crystal RG Korst RJ 《The Annals of thoracic surgery》2004,78(3):1042-1051
Background
Angiogenesis is a multistep process in which the endothelial cell plays a pivotal role. We hypothesized that the combination of two antiangiogenic agents with distinct mechanisms of action would more effectively inhibit tumor growth than either agent alone in a murine mesothelioma model.Methods
A syngeneic murine mesothelioma flank tumor model (AB-12) was established in BALB/c mice. Separate adenovirus vectors expressing the cDNAs for human pigment epithelium-derived factor (AdPEDF) and a soluble form of the human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (Adsflt-1) were administered intratumorally. End points measured included tumor size, animal survival, and microvessel density using CD31 immunohistochemistry. An orthotopic model of mesothelioma was established by implanting AB-12 cells into the murine pleural cavity. Simultaneously, AdPEDF and Adsflt-1 were instilled intrapleurally and tumor burden and survival were recorded. The development of pulmonary emphysema was also assessed by calculating the mean linear intercept (a measure of interalveolar septal distance) in histologic lung sections from tumor-free mice after vector administration.Results
In the flank tumor model, the combination of AdPEDF and Adsflt-1 inhibited tumor growth, prolonged survival, and decreased microvessel density more profoundly compared with either AdPEDF or Adsflt-1 alone. In the orthotopic model, the combination was also more effective in prolonging survival. Intrapleural AdPEDF or Adsflt-1 did not increase the mean linear intercept compared with controls in tumor-free mice.Conclusions
In this murine model, inhibiting multiple mechanisms of angiogenesis using two agents is a more effective antineoplastic strategy than using either agent alone. In addition, instillation of antiangiogenic gene transfer vectors into the pleural space does not result in histologic evidence of pulmonary emphysema. 相似文献6.
Purpose
Small round blue cell tumors (SRBCTs) are aggressive undifferentiated embryonal tumors, including neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. They share similar histologic features. Additional studies such as immunohistochemistry and molecular techniques are required to differentiate them. There is no widely available tool for real-time diagnosis. Raman spectroscopy is an analytical technique with potential for quick and accurate diagnosis of tumors in near real-time.Methods
Fresh or banked frozen tissue samples from SRBCTs were processed for routine pathology and Raman spectroscopy. Raman results were correlated with the final pathology diagnosis.Results
The data set was composed of 480 spectra from 32 samples, including 179 neuroblastoma, 37 Ewing sarcoma, 164 rhabdomyosarcoma, and 100 non-Hodgkin lymphoma spectra.Discriminant function analysis showed that a combination of 18 peaks could accurately identify 94% of spectra. At the tissue level, all tumors were correctly identified.Only 10 peaks were needed to classify all tissues with 100% accuracy. Spectral-level classification with this model was 87.9%.Conclusion
Raman spectroscopy is an accurate technique for quickly and accurately differentiating SRBCTs. It could diagnose these specimens and provide a single, easy to use test for near real-time diagnosis. 相似文献7.
Fields RC Aft RL Gillanders WE Eberlein TJ Margenthaler JA 《American journal of surgery》2008,196(4):559-561
Background
Surgery is the main treatment for primary breast sarcoma (PBS). Here we characterize this disease and determine factors associated with use of adjuvant therapy.Methods
Records of patients with PBS from 1986 to 2006 were reviewed. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier. Relationships between patient variables and OS were determined using univariate Cox proportional hazard models.Results
Thirteen patients with PBS were identified; 10 patients underwent mastectomy, and 3 underwent partial mastectomy. Six patients underwent axillary staging; none were positive. Patients with tumors >5 cm were more likely to undergo radiation therapy (P <.05). Local recurrence occurred in 7 patients. Metastatic disease was present in 2 patients at diagnosis, and 6 patients developed metastatic disease; all 8 patients died from their disease. Five patients remained disease free. Five-year OS was 67% (83% for tumors <5 cm and 42% for tumors >5 cm). Tumor size was significantly associated with OS (relative risk = 1.1/1 cm increase in size > 5 cm).Conclusions
Treatment for PBS is excision to clear margins. Axillary staging is not indicated. Tumor size >5 cm is the only significant prognostic indicator of overall survival. 相似文献8.
Smith RA Bosonnet L Raraty M Sutton R Neoptolemos JP Campbell F Ghaneh P 《American journal of surgery》2009,197(4):466-472
Background
The objective of this study was to investigate whether the preoperative platelet-lymphocyte (P/L) ratio represents a significant prognostic index in resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Methods
A total of 110 patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma over a 10-year period were identified from a prospectively maintained database.Results
The preoperative P/L ratio was found to be a more significant prognostic marker (P < .001) than either the lymphocyte count (P = .007) or platelet count (P = .068) on univariate Cox survival analysis. The median overall survival in patients with a P/L ratio of 150 or less (n = 48) was 19.7 months, 13.7 months in those with a P/L ratio of 151 to 300 (n = 43), and 5.8 months in patients with a value of greater than 300 (n = 19) (log-rank, P = .006). The preoperative P/L ratio retained significance on multivariate analysis (P < .001), along with tumor size (P = .010) and lymph node ratio (P = .013).Conclusions
The preoperative P/L ratio represents a significant independent prognostic index in patients of resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. 相似文献9.
Background/Purpose
Severe pulmonary hypoplasia remains the main cause of the high mortality in newborn infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Retinoids are a family of molecules derived from vitamin A, which play an important role in lung development. We hypothesized that retinoids promote alveologenesis at the end of gestation and therefore designed this study to investigate the effects of retinoid acid on nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lungs in CDH.Methods
Pregnant rats were exposed to either olive oil or 100 mg nitrofen on day 9 of gestation. Retinoic acid 5 mg/kg was given intraperitoneally on days 18, 19, and 20 of gestation and fetuses were recovered on day 21. We had 4 study groups: control (n = 24), control + retinoic acid (n = 22), CDH (n = 24), and CDH + retinoic acid (n = 19). Lungs from the 4 study groups were fixed, and the following stereological measurements were performed on vertical random sections: total lung volume, volume density of airspaces, volume density of air walls, gas exchange surface area, alveolar volume, and total number of alveoli per lung. Total DNA content of each lung was measured using a spectrophotometer.Results
Total lung volume increased in CDH lungs after the addition of retinoic acid but remained the same in the control group. Gas exchange surface area was larger in CDH lungs after the addition of retinoic acid but remained unchanged in the control group. The total number of alveoli per lung was higher after the addition of retinoic acid. Total DNA content as well as total DNA content-lung weight ratio of the left lung increased significantly in the CDH group after the addition of retinoic acid compared with CDH without retinoic acid.Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that prenatal treatment with retinoic acid stimulates alveologenesis in hypoplastic lungs in CDH. 相似文献10.
11.
F. Coccolini F. Catena S. Di Saverio L. Ansaloni A. Faenza A.D. Pinna 《Transplantation proceedings》2009,41(4):1189-1190
Introduction
The incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) complication in renal transplantation is relatively high. These complications may be severe, leading to graft loss and patient death.Materials and Methods
We reviewed 1651 patients who underwent renal transplantation between 1976 and 2007, analyzing the incidence of colonic perforations and the clinical prognostic factors.Results
Twenty-one patients (1.3%) developed colonic perforations with 7 subsequent deaths. Diverticulitis and ischemia were the most common causes of perforation. Eleven patients (52.3%) were diagnosed and treated within the first 24 hours; their mortality was 18.1%. The 10 patients (47.7%) who were diagnosed and treated 24 hours after the clinical event displayed an high mortality rate (50%). Diverting stoma procedures were performed in all cases.Conclusions
The follow-up of the kidney transplant patients should include a careful evaluation for possible GI complications and colonic perforations. Early diagnosis and timely treatment were associated with improved outcomes, regardless of the surgical procedures, the cause of perforation or the clinical and laboratory parameters. 相似文献12.
Salman AE Salman MA Saricaoglu F Akinci SB Aypar Ü 《Journal of clinical anesthesia》2011,23(4):270-274
Study Objective
To investigate whether methylene blue, given before injection of propofol, was effective in reducing the frequency and severity of pain associated with propofol injection.Design
Prospective, randomized, double-blinded clinical study.Setting
Operating room of a university hospital.Patients
90 adult, ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients undergoing elective surgery.Interventions
Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups of 30 patients each. Group I received 50 mg of methylene blue, Group II received 40 mg of lidocaine, and Group III, the control group, was given normal saline. All drugs were given as a 2.0 mL bolus 45 seconds before propofol administration.Measurements
Injection pain using vocal responses, facial grimacing, arm withdrawal, tears, and questioning of the patient were noted. A 4-point scale was used for documenting pain.Main Results
Pain frequency was 90% in the saline group, whereas the frequencies were significantly lower in the lidocaine and methylene blue groups (26.7% and 40%, respectively).Conclusions
Intravenous pretreatment with methylene blue appears to be effective in reducing the pain during propofol injection. 相似文献13.
Objective
This study aims to evaluate the costs and health outcome for surgical and conservative treatment of displaced proximal humeral fractures.Design
This study is a randomised controlled trial.Participants
This study included 50 patients aged 60 or older admitted to hospital with a severely displaced three- or four-part fracture.Interventions
The patients were treated surgically with an angular stable interlocking implant (25 patients) or conservative treatment (25 patients).Main outcome measure
The outcomes measured included quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and societal costs.Results
At 12 months’ follow-up, the mean difference in the number of QALYs was 0.027 (95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.025, 0.078) while the mean difference in total health-care costs was €597 in favour of surgery (95% CI = −5291, 3777).Conclusion
There was no significant difference in QALYs or costs between surgical and conservative treatment of severe displaced proximal humeral fractures. 相似文献14.
Background
Treatment recommendations for strictures after phalloplasty are lacking.Objective
Our aim was to evaluate the outcome of urethroplasty for strictures after phalloplasty and to provide treatment recommendations based on this experience.Design, setting, and participants
One hundred and eighteen urethroplasties were performed in 79 patients. Mean patient age was 37.6 yr. Mean follow-up was 39 mo.Intervention
Different types of urethroplasty were used: meatotomy, Heineke-Mikulicz principle (HMP), excision and primary anastomosis (EPA), free graft urethroplasty (FGU), pedicled flap urethroplasty (PFU), two-stage urethroplasty (TSU), and perineostomy followed by urethral reconstruction (PUR).Measurements
Stricture recurrence was defined as the need for additional instrumentation or surgery.Results and limitations
Mean stricture length was 3.6 cm. Stricture location was at the meatus, phallic urethra, anastomosis, fixed part, and different locations in 18, 28, 48, 15, and 9 urethroplasties, respectively. Stricture recurrence was observed in 44 urethroplasties (41.12%). Stricture recurrence rate for meatotomy, HMP, EPA, FGU, PFU, TSU, and PUR was 25%, 42.11%, 42.86%, 50%, 40%, 30.3%, and 61.9%, respectively.Conclusions
The main stricture location after phalloplasty is the anastomosis between the phallic and the fixed part. Urethroplasty for strictures after phalloplasty is associated with a relatively high recurrence rate.Trial registration
EC UZG 2007/434. 相似文献15.
Young Gyu Eun Sung Wan Kim Youn Wha Kim Kee Hwan Kwon 《Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery》2010,143(4):544-548
Objective
Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein has potential as a molecular determinant of tumor metastasis and may serve as a prognostic marker. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein expression and the clinicopathologic characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer.Study Design
Immunohistochemical analysis.Setting
Tertiary care teaching hospital.Subjects and Methods
Fifty-nine patients with papillary thyroid cancer underwent total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection. Using specimens from total thyroidectomy and central neck dissection, we performed immunohistochemistry for Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein and evaluated associations between Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein expression and lymph node metastasis, tumor size, number of tumors, extrathyroidal invasion, angiolymphatic invasion, and status of the tumor border.Results
We found significantly low Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein expression in papillary thyroid cancer with lymph node metastasis. However, Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein expression was not associated with tumor size, multifocality, extrathyroidal invasion, or status of the tumor border.Conclusion
The loss of Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein expression is associated with lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer but not with the progression of primary tumors. 相似文献16.
Chamchad D Horrow JC Nakhamchik L Sauter J Roberts N Aronzon B Gerson A Medved M 《Journal of clinical anesthesia》2011,23(5):361-366
Study Objective
To determine if prophylactic glycopyrrolate prevents bradycardia after spinal anesthesia.Design
Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.Setting
Large university-affiliated community hospital.Patients
81 consecutive term parturients (not in active labor) who were scheduled for elective Cesarean section.Interventions
Parturients received 1.0 to 1.5 L of intravenous Ringer's lactate and either glycopyrrolate 0.4 mg or an equal volume of saline, with caregivers blinded to the immediate sequelae of study drug. Each patient received intrathecal bupivacaine (12 to 14 mg) with morphine sulfate (0.1 to 0.2 mg).Measurements
Continuous heart rate (HR) and blood pressure monitoring occurred for 20 minutes, with the minimum HR recorded for each 5-minute epoch. Heart rates < 60 beats per minute defined bradycardia. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis occurred offline.Main Results
None of 34 patients administered glycopyrrolate and 6 of 35 (17%) patients receiving saline experienced bradycardia (P = 0.02476). Time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear and embedded spectrum entropy analyses all reflected the decrease in HRV accompanying administration of glycopyrrolate.Conclusion
Bradycardia after spinal anesthesia occurs commonly. Prophylactic glycopyrrolate may prevent the bradycardia, but not necessarily the hypotension. 相似文献17.
K Morita T Seki D Iwami H Sasaki N Fukuzawa K Nonomura 《Transplantation proceedings》2012,44(6):1795-1799
Background
Spontaneous rupture risk of a renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is extremely low. Indications for surgical repair of RAA remain uncertain.Objective
Long-term outcomes of conservative therapy and surgical repair were evaluated.Patients
The study included 58 patients (17 males, 41 females) who were diagnosed with RAA during the last 21 years. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 62 (19-85) years, and the median follow-up 69 months (range 3-216).Methods
The patients were divided into two groups, conservative group (n = 30) who had been followed with blood pressure control, and treatment group (n = 29), who underwent an intervention.Results
Multiple efferent aneurysmal branches were observed in seven conservative and 16 treatment cases (P = .002). The median maximum diameter of the aneurysm was lower in the conservative than the treatment group (15 versus 25 mm, P = .005). Two conservative group cases showed increases in aneurysm size during follow-up. The hypertensive state showed essentially no change in either group during the follow-up. Renal function decreased with age similarly both in conservative and treatment groups.Conclusions
Our conservative management criteria for RAA are justifiable and even too strict. 相似文献18.
Bertini R Roscigno M Freschi M Strada E Angiolilli D Petralia G Matloob R Sozzi F Capitanio U Da Pozzo LF Colombo R Guazzoni G Cremonini A Montorsi F Rigatti P 《European urology》2011,60(2):358-365
Background
To our knowledge, the impact of venous tumour thrombus (VTT) consistency in patients affected by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has never been addressed.Objective
To analyse the effect of VTT consistency on cancer-specific survival (CSS).Design, setting, and participants
We retrospectively analysed 174 consecutive patients with RCC and renal vein or inferior vena cava (IVC) VTT who underwent surgical treatment between 1989 and 2007 at our institute.Intervention
All patients underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy.Measurements
Pathologic specimens were reviewed by a single uropathologist. In addition to traditional pathologic features, the morphologic aspect of the tumour thrombus was evaluated to distinguish solid from friable patterns. The prognostic role of thrombus consistency (solid vs friable) on CSS was assessed by means of Cox regression models.Results and limitations
The VTT was solid in 107 patients (61.5%) and friable in 67 patients (38.5%). The presence of a friable VTT increased the risk of having synchronous nodal or distant metastases, higher tumour grade, higher pathologic stage, and simultaneous perinephric fat invasion (all p < 0.05). The median follow-up was 24 mo. The median CSS was 33 mo; the median CSS was 8 mo in patients with a friable VTT and 55 mo in patients with a solid VTT (p < 0.001). On multivariable analyses, the presence of a friable VTT was an independent predictor of CSS (p = 0.02). The power of our conclusion may be somewhat limited by the relatively small study population and the retrospective nature of the study.Conclusions
In patients with RCC and VTT, the presence of a friable thrombus is an independent predictor of CSS. If our finding is confirmed by further studies, the consistency of the tumour thrombus should be introduced into routine pathologic reports to provide better patient risk stratification. 相似文献19.
Rutigliano DN Meyers P Ghossein RA Carlson DL Kayton ML Kraus D La Quaglia MP 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2007,42(7):e9-13
Purpose
Children diagnosed with osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES) have greatly benefited from the addition of alkylator therapy. However, with greater numbers of long-term survivors, the rising incidence of secondary malignant neoplasms (SMNs) is concerning. Herein we report on 2 patients with sarcoma who developed a case of secondary mucoepidermoid carcinoma after chemotherapy treatment without associated radiation therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first series of mucoepidermoid carcinomas arising in pediatric patients treated for sarcoma without radiotherapy.Methods
Long-term survivors of OS and ES currently undergoing routine follow-up care were reviewed and noted for the development of a new secondary malignancy. Details of their initial evaluation, previous therapies, resection techniques, pathologic findings, and follow-up compose this report.Results
Two patients, a 17-year-old adolescent boy with OS and 16-year-old adolescent girl with ES, with secondary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland were identified. Both patients underwent primary resection and chemotherapy including alkylating agents, but neither received radiation. The mucoepidermoid carcinomas developed 27 months and 132 months after completion of therapy, respectively, and were noted on routine yearly follow-up. Fine-needle aspiration was nondiagnostic on each, and parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve was performed. Pathology revealed low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma with tumor extending to the deep margins for both lesions, and radiotherapy to the parotid bed was administered. There were no surgical complications. One patient is alive, without evidence of recurrent mucoepidermoid carcinoma after 4 years; the other recently completed radiotherapy and is disease-free after 12 months.Conclusion
Primary mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland accounts for less than 10% of all head and neck tumors in childhood. Previous series of secondary mucoepidermoid carcinoma have demonstrated an increased risk in patients with leukemia/lymphoma. This is the first reported series of parotid mucoepidermoid carcinomas occurring after sarcoma treatment without radiotherapy. A common link between the 2 patients may be the use of alkylating therapy. 相似文献20.
Manabu Kawai 《American journal of surgery》2010,199(4):447-452