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1.
Usui N Kamata S Sawai T Kamiyama M Okuyama H Kubota A Okada A 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2004,39(4):603-606
Background/purpose
This study aimed at identifying characteristic features indicating congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CCAM) and evaluating the outcome predictors to identify prenatally subgroups of fetuses with significantly different probabilities of mortality or severe respiratory difficulty.Methods
Twenty-eight neonates who had undergone antenatal evaluation for cystic lung disease (CLD) were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the severity of their clinical course; mild (n = 7), moderate (n = 13), and severe (n = 8). Ultrasonographic findings in the fetus and their pulmonary lesion were evaluated. The normal lung to thorax transverse area ratio (L/T) was measured by ultrasonography.Results
High echogenicity of the lesion throughout pregnancy and polyhydramnios were frequently seen in CCAM. All of the patients with other CLD showed isoechogenicity at the end of pregnancy. All patients in the severe group had both polyhydramnios and fetal hydrops. L/T was increased in mild and moderate groups, whereas no patient in the severe group had an increase in L/T at the final measurement. Each value of final L/T in the severe group was less than 0.25.Conclusions
The subgroup of fetuses with an increased probability of mortality or severe respiratory difficulty could be predicted from the combination of polyhydramnios, fetal hydrops, and a final L/T value of less than 0.25. 相似文献2.
Background
Caecal volvulus accounts for 30% of all cases of volvulus of the colon.Methods
We recorded clinical data and accurate images of volvulus of the cecum.Results
A detorsion with resection and primary anastomosis was performed. We reviewed the management and surgical strategies for cecal volvulus.Conclusions
Caecal volvulus is an uncommon entity with potentially severe outcomes and requires surgical management. 相似文献3.
S.-C. Wang J.-F. Shieh Y.-C. Chu C.-S. Liu C.-C. Loong K.-H. Chan S. Mandell 《Transplantation proceedings》2010,42(7):2590-2593
Objective
To test in a prospective randomized study the hypothesis that use of thromboelastography (TEG) decreases blood transfusion during major surgery.Material and Methods
Twenty-eight patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation were recruited over 2 years. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: those monitored during surgery using point-of-care TEG analysis, and those monitored using standard laboratory measures of blood coagulation. Specific trigger points for transfusion were established in each group.Results
In patients monitored via TEG, significantly less fresh-frozen plasma was used (mean [SD], 12.8 [7.0] units vs 21.5 [12.7] units). There was a trend toward less blood loss in the TEG-monitored patients; however, the difference was not significant. There were no differences in total fluid administration and 3-year survival.Conclusion
Thromboelastography-guided transfusion decreases transfusion of fresh- frozen plasma in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation, but does not affect 3-year survival. 相似文献4.
Study Objective
To investigate the effect of intravenous (IV) landiolol, a novel β1-adrenergic blocker, on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane in adult women.Design
Prospective, randomized study.Setting
University hospital.Patients
42 ASA physical status 1 and 2 women, aged 24-57 years, who were scheduled to undergo elective abdominal surgery.Interventions
Anesthesia was induced in all patients by vital capacity rapid inhalation induction of sevoflurane. In the landiolol group, administration of landiolol began when patients took a vital-capacity breath: 0.125 mg/kg/min for one minute and then 0.04 mg/kg/min. Normal saline was administered in the control group.Measurements
MAC was determined by a technique adapted from the conventional up-down method.Main Results
The MAC of sevoflurane was 2.2% ± 0.2% in the control group and 1.7% ± 0.2% in the landiolol group, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.0005).Conclusions
IV landiolol reduces the MAC of sevoflurane in women by approximately 20%. 相似文献5.
Matthew E. Falagas M.D. M.S. D.Sc. Ioanna P. Korbila M.D. Konstantina P. Giannopoulou M.D. Barbara K. Kondilis M.P.H. George Peppas M.D. Ph.D. 《American journal of surgery》2009,198(3):420-435
Objective
We sought to evaluate the degree of patients' understanding of several aspects of the informed consent process for surgery and clinical research.Methods
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed (1961-2006) to identify relevant articles.Results
We retrieved 23 and 30 eligible for inclusion articles regarding informed consent for surgery and clinical research, respectively. Regarding surgery, adequate overall understanding of the information provided and of the risks associated with surgery was shown in 6 of 21 (29%) and 5 of 14 (36%) studies providing relevant data, respectively. Regarding clinical research, adequate understanding of the aim of the study, the process of randomization, voluntarism, withdrawal, and the risks and the benefits of treatment was shown in 14 of 26 (54%), 4 of 8 (50%), 7 of 15 (47%), 7 of 16 (44%), 8 of 16 (50%), and 4 of 7 (57%) of studies providing relevant data, respectively. Satisfaction by the amount of the given information was shown in 7 of 12 (58%) studies involving surgery and 12 of 15 (80%) studies involving clinical research.Conclusions
Further attention should be drawn on enhancing patients' understanding regarding several components of the informed consent process for surgery and clinical research. 相似文献6.
Florent Guérin Rim Hadhri Danièle Pariente Hélène Martelli Sophie Branchereau 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2010,45(3):e9
Purpose
Ciliated Hepatic Foregut Cyst (CHFC) is a rare congenital lesion arising from the embryonic foregut. Since squamous cell carcinomas arising from CHFC have been reported in adults, complete resection should be considered. We report our experience with CHFC.Methods
We reviewed the charts of 2 patients who had surgery after prenatal detection of a CHFC and 2 patients with postnatal diagnosis.Results
Two patients had antenatally detected liver cyst. Postnatal ultrasonography showed a cyst in segment IV, with wall calcifications and sediments. Bile ducts were encased in the wall of the cyst. They underwent central hepatectomy with double biliary diversion and uneventful post operative course. The two other patients underwent non anatomical resection of a cyst on the left lobe and in segment IV, found prior or during liver surgery.Pathology examination showed cysts filled with mucinous fluid, surrounded by an epithelium composed of ciliated cells. One case had a squamous metaplasia.Conclusion
In infants, CHFC are found antenatally or incidentally. A solitary uni or mutilocular cyst with wall calcifications, sediments, located in the central liver segments should raise the diagnosis. Resection of large cysts in the central segments of the liver is challenging and biliary diversion should be considered. 相似文献7.
Study Objective
To apply ergonomic task analysis to the performance of ultrasound-guided (US-guided) femoral nerve block (FNB) in an acute hospital setting.Design
Pilot prospective observational study.Setting
Orthopedic operating room of a regional trauma hospital.Subjects
15 anesthesiologists of various levels of experience in US-guided FNB (estimated minimum experience < 10 procedures; maximum about 50 procedures, and from basic trainees to consultants); and 15 patients (5 men and 10 women), aged 77 ± 15 (mean ± SD yrs) years.Measurements/Observations
A data capture “tool”, which was modified from one previously developed for ergonomic study of spinal anesthesia, was studied. Patient, operator, and heterogeneous environmental factors related to ergonomic performance of US-guided FNB were identified. The observation period started immediately before commencement of positioning the patient and ended on completion of perineural injection. Data were acquired using direct observations, photography, and application of a questionnaire.Main Results
The quality of ergonomic performance was generally suboptimal and varied greatly among operators. Eight (experience < 10 procedures) of 15 operators excessively rotated their head, neck, and/or back to visualize the image on the ultrasound machine. Eight operators (experience < 10 procedures) performed the procedure with excessive thoracolumbar flexion.Conclusion
Performance of US-guided FNB presents ergonomic challenges and was suboptimal during most of the procedures observed. Formal training in US-guided peripheral nerve blockade should include reference to ergonomic factors. 相似文献8.
Hetzel M Hetzel J Schumann C Marx N Babiak A 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2004,127(5):1427-1431
Objectives
Endobronchial cryotherapy is an established recanalization method for stenoses of the respiratory tract. However, previous applications of cryotherapy have not been immediately effective, requiring a second clean-up procedure several days later to finally obtain sufficient recanalization. In this study we demonstrate a newly developed cryoprobe allowing recanalization of tumor stenoses during a single intervention.Methods
In this prospective study flexible bronchoscopy was used for cryorecanalization of 60 patients with high-grade stenoses of the respiratory tract from exophytic tumors. Tumor tissue was frozen on the tip of the probe and subsequently removed from the surrounding respiratory tract tissue through retraction of the probe. Procedures were carried out on sedated, spontaneously breathing, intubated patients.Results
Fifty (83%) of 60 patients were successfully or partially successfully treated. Tumor bleeding occurred in 6 patients but was stopped with argon plasma coagulator treatment in all patients not requiring rigid bronchoscopy.Conclusion
Cryorecanalization with the newly developed cryoprobe permits effective, safe, and inexpensive therapy of endobronchial stenoses of the respiratory tract. 相似文献9.
Martin KK Wigginton JB Babikian VL Pochay VE Crittenden MD Rudolph JL 《American journal of surgery》2009,197(1):55-63
Background
Much attention in the literature has focused on the relationship between perioperative microemboli during cardiac and vascular surgery and postoperative cognitive decline. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) has been used to measure high-intensity transient signals (HITS), which represent microemboli during cardiac, vascular, and orthopedic surgery. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the literature with respect to HITS and postoperative cognitive function.Methods
Systematic PubMed searches identified articles related to the use of TCD and cognitive function in the surgical setting.Results
The literature remains largely undecided on the role of HITS and cognitive impairment after surgery, with most studies being underpowered to show a relationship. Although the cognitive effects of HITS may be difficult to detect, subclinical microemboli present potential harm, which may be modifiable.Conclusions
TCD represents a tool for intraoperative cerebral monitoring to reduce the number of HITS during surgery. 相似文献10.
Gazon M Eboumbou N Robert MO Branche P Duperret S Viale JP 《Annales fran?aises d'anesthèsie et de rèanimation》2011,30(1):6-12
Objective
Because the chest radiograph currently remains the routine choice of imaging for the examination of the chest in the intensive care unit, we compared lung ultrasonography with chest radiography.Study design
Observational prospective study.Methods
An ultrasound examination and chest radiography were simultaneously ordered in 50 patients whose clinical exam justified a lung exploration. Each exam was interpreted independently by an intensivist. The abnormalities found were classified into interstitial syndrome, alveolar consolidation, and pleural effusion. An agreement analysis was performed between the results of the two techniques. The delay between the order and interpretation of both investigations, and the degree of interobserver agreement were also collected.Results
The kappa agreement between lung ultrasonography and chest radiography was 0.42. In total, 329 total abnormalities were detected, 156 abnormalities were found by both techniques, 31 by radiography alone, and 142 by ultrasonography alone. The interobserver agreement was 0.86. Ultrasonography was performed with a shorter delay (14.8 ± 6.9 min vs 44.2 ± 21.4 min).Conclusion
There was only moderate agreement between lung ultrasonography and chest radiography for the diagnosis of interstitial syndrome, alveolar consolidation and pleural effusion in intensive care unit. This result is mainly explained by the higher number of ultrasound abnormalities. With the ability to provide fast diagnosis, good reproducibility and high feasibility, ultrasound scan could represent an alternative exam for chest exploration in intensive care unit. 相似文献11.
Strauch JT Spielvogel D Lauten A Lansman SL McMurtry K Bodian CA Griepp RB 《The Annals of thoracic surgery》2004,78(1):103-108
Background
Ideal perfusion during ascending aorta-arch surgery should allow easy implementation of antegrade cerebral perfusion while avoiding atheroembolization or false lumen perfusion in dissections. We report favorable experience with direct axillary artery cannulation.Methods
Between 1999 and 2003, 284 patients with a mean age of 62.2 years (25 to 85), underwent axillary artery cannulation using a right angle wire-reinforced catheter. During this interval, attempted axillary cannulation was abandoned in only 14 patients because of inadequate backflow or other complications. Eighty-five patients were female. Severe aortic arteriosclerosis or degeneration was present in 209, aortic dissection in 63, and Marfan disease or aortitis in 12. The Bentall procedure was done in 144 patients, arch replacement in 86, the Yacoub procedure in 18, thoracoabdominal aneurysm repair in 16, and coronary artery bypass grafting in 20. Reoperations were at 30.2%.Results
Adverse outcome (hospital death or permanent stroke) occurred in 6.6% (n = 19). Thirteen patients (4.6%) died before hospital discharge, and 13 patients (4.6%; 9 of whom died) suffered permanent stroke. Transient neurologic dysfunction occurred in 9.2% (n = 26). Mean duration of hypothermic circulatory arrest, used in 246 patients, was 26 ±7 minutes. Mean duration of antegrade cerebral perfusion, used in 139 patients, was 47 ± 23 minutes. In 93%, the right axillary artery was cannulated. Complications included 2 cases (0.7%) of brachial plexus injury (one transient), and 3 (1%) of localized dissection.Conclusions
Our results suggest that axillary artery cannulation, successful in 95% of patients, may be the optimal technique for reducing perfusion-related morbidity and adverse outcome in operations for acute dissection, atherosclerotic, and degenerative aneurysmal disease. It deserves serious consideration in all patients older than 65 requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. 相似文献12.
Vogel AM Smithers CJ Kozakewich HP Zurakowski D Moses MA Burrows PE Fauza DO Fishman SJ 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2006,41(4):757-762
Background
The extracellular dynamics after intravascular sclerotherapy with an injectable, fibroblast-based engineered construct is unknown.Methods
Rabbits underwent ethanol sclerotherapy of a jugular vein segment. Control animals (n = 40) underwent no further treatment or an acellular collagen hydrogel was injected. Experimental animals (n = 20) received a tissue-engineered construct. After 1, 2, 4, and 20 to 24 weeks, segments were evaluated for collagen, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9, and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs) 1 and 2 and scored on a scale of 0 to 3. Groups and time points were compared using nonparametric statistical analysis.Results
Collagen content was higher in animals that received fibroblasts (P < .05). Glycosaminoglycan analysis showed a higher grade only at 1 week (P < .05). Collagen and GAG deposition were prominent at weeks 1 through 4, and decreased over time. Both MMP-2 and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 grade decreased with time (P < .01) in all groups, with no differences between groups.Conclusion
Enhancement of intravascular sclerotherapy by tissue engineering stems, at least in part, from increased local deposition of collagen and GAG. MMP and TIMPs may play a role in recanalization after experimental sclerotherapy. Tissue engineering may be a valuable adjunct for the treatment of vascular malformations. 相似文献13.
Connelly NR Freiman JP Lucas T Parker RK Raghunathan K Gibson C Katz B Iwashita C 《Journal of clinical anesthesia》2011,23(4):265-269
Study Objective
To evaluate the analgesic effects of the addition of epinephrine to a bupivacaine epidural infusion in early labor after a fentanyl bolus, following a lidocaine-epinephrine test dose.Design
Randomized, double-blinded study.Setting
Labor suite of a tertiary care hospital.Patients
60 ASA physical status 1 and 2, laboring, nulliparous women.Interventions
All laboring women received a 3 mL epidural test dose of 1.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, followed by a fentanyl 100 μg bolus in 10 mL of diluent volume. Patients were randomized to receive one of two continuous epidural infusions: bupivacaine 0.625 mg/mL at 10 mL/hr (control group) or bupivacaine 0.625 mg/mL with epinephrine 5 μg/mL at 10 mL/hr (epinephrine group).Measurements
Time to re-dose, pain scores, and side effects were recorded.Main Results
The mean duration of satisfactory analgesia prior to re-dose was 159 ± 62 min for the control group and 221 ± 111 min for the epinephrine group (P < 0.02). Pain scores were significantly higher in the control group than the epinephrine group at two time periods: 2.5 hours and 4.5 hours (P < 0.04).Conclusions
The administration of 0.625 mg/mL bupivacaine with epinephrine 5 μg/mL at 10 mL/hr, compared with plain 0.625 mg/mL bupivacaine at 10 mL/hr, provided a longer time to re-dose, decreased pain scores at two time intervals, and had no significant difference in duration of labor or side effects. 相似文献14.
Giovanna Cantarella Alessandra Berlusconi Vincenzo Mele Filippo Cogiamanian Sergio Barbieri 《Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery》2010,143(2):214-137
Objective
Frey's syndrome is a frequent sequela of parotidectomy, causing facial sweating and flushing because of gustatory stimuli. Although botulinum toxin type A has become first-line therapy for Frey's syndrome, some patients become resistant. In this study, we investigated whether another serotype, botulinum toxin type B, might be an effective alternative.Study Design
Case series with planned data collection.Setting
Otolaryngology department in a university hospital.Subjects and Methods
Seven patients aged 30 to 68 years, with severe Frey's syndrome, underwent the Minor test and had 80 U of botulinum toxin type B per cm2 (mean total dose, 2354 U) injected intracutaneously in the mapped area of gustatory sweating. All patients were followed up for 12 months.Results
One month after treatment, six of the seven patients reported that gustatory sweating and flushing had resolved, and, in the remaining patient, these symptoms had decreased. The Minor test confirmed a significant improvement. The subjective benefits remained stable for six months in four patients and for nine months in the remaining three patients; 12 months after treatment, all patients still reported some improvement.Conclusion
Botulinum toxin type B afforded symptomatic relief in a small sample of patients with Frey's syndrome and might be considered a potential alternative to botulinum toxin type A. 相似文献15.
Purpose
Aortopexy is the accepted operative treatment for severe and localized tracheomalacia (TM). The standard surgical approach involves a left anterior thoracotomy, often under bronchoscopic control. We report the results of aortopexy in 28 children with severe and localized TM; 12 had a left lateral muscle-sparing approach and one had a thoracoscopic aortopexy.Methods
Retrospective review of patient notes was performed to note the indications, investigation findings, and postoperative course after aortopexy.Results
The median age at aortopexy was 5 months. The indications included acute life-threatening events in 22, failure to extubate in 5, and recurrent pneumonia in 1. Fifteen had associated esophageal atresia and 13 had primary TM. Symptoms of TM were abolished in 26 of the 28 patients after aortopexy.Conclusions
Aortopexy is a safe and reliable procedure to treat localized intrathoracic TM presenting with acute life-threatening events. It is important to exclude associated problems such as vascular rings and to ensure that the tracheomalacic portion is segmental and does not significantly involve the main bronchi. The lateral muscle-sparing thoracotomy provides good access and is more cosmetic than the standard anterior approach. We would attempt the thoracoscopic approach in older infants and children. 相似文献16.
Background
It has been reported that the proteinuria is an early useful marker to detect cyclosporine (CsA) nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproteinuric effects of green tea extract (GTE) on CsA-induced acute renal injury in rats.Methods
The rats (n = 28) were divided into four groups (n = 7/group); controls intraperitoneally (IP) injected with 0.9% saline; CsA group IP injected CsA (50 mg/kg); inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor group administered in addition NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (12 mmol/L) subcutaneously and CsA-GTE group of CsA IP plus GTE (100 mg/kg) subcutaneously.Results
The 24-hour urine proteins were significantly increased among the CsA (22.6 ± 3.1 mg/d) compared with the control (7.1 ± 1.5 mg/d) and significantly decreased in the CsA-GTE group (8.2 ± 1.8 mg/d, P < .01). Nitric oxide production induces by CsA treatment was significantly suppressed by GTE and iNOS inhibitor. Renal tissue malondialdehyde level was significantly increased in the CsA compared with controls and significantly decreased in the CsA-GTE group. The antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dysmutase and catalase, which were significantly suppressed in the CsA compared with the control group, were restored in the CsA-GTE cohort.Conclusion
GTE treatment of rats showed meaningful antiproteinuric effects through antioxidative activity in kidneys from CsA-induced acute renal injury. 相似文献17.
Mlosek RK Wo?niak W Malinowska S Migda B Serafin-Król M Mi?ek T 《European journal of vascular and endovascular surgery》2012,43(1):100-105
Background
Sclerotherapy is a widely used method for the obliteration of blood vessels. Hyperpigmentation is a frequent complication that results from haemosiderin (FeO) accumulation. Hyperpigmentation and changes in the skin can be observed with ultrasound.Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hyperpigmentation elimination using an intense pulse light generator (IPL) equipped with radio waves (RF) under ultrasonography (US) control.Methods
Twenty-one women with permanent hyperpigmentation (after sclerotherapy or crossectomy combined with sclerotherapy) underwent a hyperpigmentation eliminating therapy with the use of IPL + RF and were monitored by using US. The thicknesses of the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue as well as the echogenicities of each layer were assessed.Results
As a result of the therapy, a complete regression of hyperpigmentation was achieved in 90.48% of the women, and in 9.52% of the women, the therapy led to a reduction in hyperpigmentation but did not cause its complete disappearance. An increase in dermal echogenicity and a decrease in subcutaneous tissue echogenicity were observed, but there was no change in their thicknesses. After the therapy, the ultrasound images of areas of previous hyperpigmentation corresponded with images that were characteristic of healthy skin.Conclusion
IPL + RF therapy is effective for eliminating permanent skin hyperpigmentation after sclerotherapy. US is also useful in this therapeutic method. 相似文献18.
Maksoud-Filho JG Gonçalves ME Cardoso SR Tannuri U 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2008,43(7):1254-1258
Background
Upper airway stenosis (UAS) after endotracheal intubation is a common problem in children. Most literature refers to a surgical treatment for these lesions. Laryngotracheal reconstruction and cricotracheal resection are used for low- and high-grade stenosis, but decannulation is not always possible immediately after surgery.Purpose
The aim of this study was to verify the feasibility and results of endoscopic dilatations for treatment of subglottic stenosis.Method
The study encompassed a 12-year retrospective analysis of patients treated for UAS in a tertiary center. All children were symptomatic at the time of the endoscopic diagnosis. The stenosis was graded according to the Myer-Cotton criteria. Endoscopic dilatation was initiated immediately after the diagnosis. Children with grade IV stenosis underwent surgery.Results
Children with tracheal stenosis and no involvement of the subglottic area did not respond to endoscopic dilatations and underwent surgery. There were 45 children with grade I stenosis, 12 with grade II, 7 with grade III, and 4 with grade IV lesions. Patients with grade I, II, and III stenosis were all treated by endoscopic dilatations alone and were decannulated when asymptomatic. The average time for decannulation was 18.90 ± 26.07 months for grade I, 32.5 ± 27.08 months for grade II, and 27.57 ± 20.60 months for grade III stenosis (P < .01, for grade II vs grade III).Conclusion
Grade I, II, and III subglottic stenoses can be safely managed by early endoscopic dilatations with a high rate of success and low rate of morbidity but require a significantly long period of treatment. 相似文献19.
Kalfa N Allal H Lopez M Saguintaah M Guibal MP Sabatier-Laval E Forgues D Counil F Galifer RB 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2006,41(10):1732-1737
Purpose
The indications for thoracoscopy remain imprecise in cases of pleural empyema. This study aimed to identify preoperative prognostic factors to help in the surgical decision.Methods
From 1996 to 2004, 50 children with parapneumonic pleural empyema underwent thoracoscopy either as the initial procedure (n = 26) or after failure of medical treatment (n = 24). Using multivariate analysis, we tested the prognostic value of clinical and bacteriological data, the ultrasonographic staging of empyema, and the delay before surgery. Outcome measures were technical difficulties, postoperative complications, time to apyrexia, duration of drainage, and length of hospitalization.Results
The clinical and bacterial data did not significantly predict the postoperative course. Echogenicity and the presence of pleural loculations at ultrasonography were not independent significant prognostic factors. A delay between diagnosis and surgery of more than 4 days was significantly correlated (P < .05) with more frequent surgical difficulties, longer operative time, more postoperative fever, longer drainage time, longer hospitalization, and more postoperative complications, such as bronchopleural fistula, empyema relapse, and persistent atelectasia.Conclusion
The main prognostic factor for thoracoscopic treatment of pleural empyema is the interval between diagnosis and surgery. A 4-day limit, corresponding to the natural process of empyema organization, is significant. The assessment of loculations by ultrasonography alone is not sufficient to predict the postoperative course. 相似文献20.
Jesch NK Leonhardt J Sumpelmann R Gluer S Nustede R Ure BM 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2005,40(9):1404-1406