冠状动脉CT成像与冠状动脉造影检查心肌桥一壁冠状动脉的结果差异分析

目的探讨冠状动脉CT成像与冠状动脉造影检查心肌桥-壁冠状动脉的效果。方法选择我院收治的426例疑似心肌桥-壁冠状动脉患者,先后实施冠状动脉CT成像与冠状动脉造影检查,比较分析两者检查心肌桥-壁冠状动脉的结果差异。结果经CTA检查显示,50例患者(占比11.74%)合计存在61段心肌桥-壁冠状动脉:处于左前降支为52段,处于对角支为2段,处于左回旋支为5段,处于右冠状动脉为2段;其中属于深在型心肌桥的有21段,属于浅表型心肌桥的有40段。经CAG检查显示,43例患者中有有71段存在心肌桥-壁冠状动脉:处于左前降支为50段,处于对角支为1段,处于左回旋支为4段;其中属于深在型心肌桥21段,属于浅表型心肌桥37段。CTA与CAG检查深在型心肌桥(Kappa=1.000)和浅表型心肌桥(Kappa=0.868)的结果Kappa检验一致性好。CTA测量出来的深在型与表浅型心肌桥之长度均多于CAG所测量出来的长度(P0.05),但是CAG测量出来的壁冠状动脉狭窄程度则多于CTA测量出来的狭窄程度(P0.05)。结论在深在型与表浅型心肌桥-壁冠状动脉存在与心肌桥长度的测量方面,CTA检查优于CAG,但是在壁冠状动脉狭窄程度的测量方面则相反。     

冠状动脉CTA评估心肌桥形态特征、发生位置与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的 通过MDCT冠状动脉血管造影(coronary CT angiography,CTA)评估心肌桥-壁冠状动脉与冠状动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法 回顾性分析663例冠状动脉CTA患者的图像资料,记录心肌桥的发生率、发生位置、长度及心肌桥的厚度,结合临床症状以及心电图和心脏超声表现,分析心肌桥发生的位置及狭窄程度与临床症状、心电图STT改变及超声室壁运动异常之间的关系,以及评估心肌桥与动脉粥样硬化的关系.结果 MDCTA心肌桥-壁冠状动脉发生率为38.0%(252/663),以前降支最多见,占44.0%(111/252).孤立性心肌桥壁冠状动脉狭窄程度与临床症状、心电图STT改变及超声室壁运动障碍之间差异有统计学意义.前降支存在心肌桥的患者,同支血管粥样硬化斑块的发生率高于无心肌桥的患者(P=0.003),深在型心肌桥合并动脉粥样硬化的几率明显高于浅表型心肌桥 (P＜0.001).心肌桥近端冠状动脉狭窄的发生率显著高于壁冠状动脉及其远端冠状动脉.结论 心脏收缩期壁冠状动脉中、重度狭窄的心肌桥不能仅视为解剖变异,而应引起临床医生的重视,因其会引起心肌灌注减低,出现相关临床症状.心肌桥近端动脉更易出现粥样硬化斑块,表明心肌桥可以作为评估冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的危险因素之一.     

256层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影在心肌桥检测中的应用

目的:利用256层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像探讨心肌桥的出现率、好发部位.方法:连续收集临床诊断为冠心病且行256层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像的病例251例,回顾性地在线分析冠脉CT血管造影上心肌桥的出现率及其部位.结果:52例患者检出了心肌桥(52/251,20.7%),其中男性20例,女性22例,年龄60.27±11.36岁,共66段心肌桥.其中38例为单一壁冠状动脉,14例为两段受累,分别发生在前降支中段和钝缘支、前降支中段和右侧冠状动脉中段.心肌桥最常见于左前降支中段(48段,72.7%).结论:心肌桥常见,最常出现于左前降支,特别是左前降支中段,256层螺旋CT有效、无创且清晰地显示了心肌桥.     

MSCTA对壁冠状动脉的诊断价值

目的:探讨壁冠状动脉(MCA)MSCT血管成像对表现及其诊断价值。方法:对651例临床确诊或拟诊为冠心病的患者行MSCT冠状动脉血管成像检查,采用回顾性心电门控心脏扫描,重建所有原始图像用于冠状动脉图像重组,心率>75次/分者重建时相为30%～40%RR间期.心率<75次/分时重建时相为40%～50%RR间期,对原始数据进行后处理获得MIP、MPR和VR重组图像,对左、右冠状动脉主干及其主要分支进行多角度观察和分析。结果:651例中发现壁冠状动脉69例,检出率10.6%,其中位于前降支近段3例(5%)、前降支中段55例(80%)、前降支远段11例(10%)。壁冠状动脉管腔长度1.2～4.9 cm,平均2.45 cm;肌桥厚度0.7～5.3 mm,平均1.3 mm。24例(35%)管腔呈轻度狭窄(<50%)。前降支中段55例中13例近段伴有不同程度的粥样硬化斑块,管腔狭窄均接近50%,其中软斑块4例。单纯MCA的患者有心绞痛症状者31例(65%);MCA同时伴有冠状动脉粥样硬化病变患者有心绞痛症状的18例(86%)。结论:MSCT血管成像能明确诊断壁冠状动脉及其远近段血管内粥样硬化斑块,能显示心肌桥的形态,但对判断壁冠状动脉狭窄程度的准确性尚待提高。     

256层 CT 冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉桥血管的诊断价值

目的：探讨256层CT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管的诊断价值。方法收集冠状动脉搭桥术后行256层CT 冠状动脉成像检查29例,回顾性分析256层 CT 冠状动脉成像桥血管的情况。结果29例搭桥血管共77支,搭桥血管1支6例,2支6例,3支10例,4支6例,5支1例,平均2.75支。59支(76.62%)桥血管通畅,17支(22.08%)桥血管管腔狭窄,1支(1.30%)桥血管闭塞。内乳动脉桥6支,大隐静脉桥71支;6支内乳动脉桥中,5支(83.33%)桥血管通畅,1支(16.67%)桥血管管腔狭窄;71支大隐静脉桥中,54支(76.06%)桥血管通畅,16支(22.54%)管腔狭窄,1支(1.40%)管腔闭塞。大隐静脉与内乳动脉桥血管狭窄、闭塞的发生率差异没有显著意义(P >0.05)。结论256层 CT 冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉搭桥术后桥血管的评价有较高的诊断价值,是一种简便、快速、无创、准确、安全的检查方法。     

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像时心肌桥的检出与临床价值

目的探讨多层CT冠状动脉血管成像检查患者中心肌桥的特征及临床意义。方法临床确诊冠心病或疑似冠心病而行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像检查的病例875例,男579例,女296例,年龄30~87岁,平均60岁。采用回顾性心电门控扫描,心率>75次/min,重建相位区间为30%～40%,心率<75次/min,重建相位区间为40%～50%,获得最大密度投影、曲面重组、容积重组图像,从多角度显示左、右冠状动脉主干及其各主要分支。结果检出89例心肌桥患者,检出率10.2%。其中36例(40.5%)管腔呈不同程度的狭窄(<50%)。发生于前降支中段者71例(79.8%),肌桥厚度0.06～0.55cm,其中20例近段伴有不同程度的粥样硬化斑块,管腔狭窄均接近50%。单纯心肌桥患者有心绞痛症状者39例,心肌桥伴有冠状动脉粥样硬化者有心绞痛症状23例。结论MSCT冠状动脉血管成像可以明确检出心肌桥,为临床的诊断和治疗提供了更具价值的信息。     

CT冠状动脉成像腔内强化梯度与心肌首过灌注成像的初步研究

目的 初步评估不同狭窄程度左前降支腔内强化梯度与相应冠状动脉供血区心肌首过灌注表现及其相关性.方法 搜集CT冠状动脉成像诊断前降支狭窄病例52例(狭窄＜50％组及狭窄≥50％组)与无狭窄病例20例(对照组),分别测量并计算前降支供血区心肌首过灌注值及其校正值、前降支腔内强化梯度及其校正值,进行统计学分析.结果 (1)狭窄组和对照组在收缩期、舒张期前降支腔内强化梯度校正值及供血区心肌首过灌注值差异均无统计学意义(均P ＞0.05);而首过灌注校正值差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).(2)狭窄＜50％组、狭窄≥50％组和对照组三组间在收缩期、舒张期前降支腔内强化梯度校正值及供血区心肌首过灌注值差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).(3)狭窄＜50％组和对照组在收缩期心肌首过灌注校正值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),在舒张期差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);狭窄≥50％组与狭窄＜50％组、狭窄≥50％组与对照组在收缩期、舒张期心肌首过灌注校正值差异分别具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 心肌首过灌注校正值更能客观反映相应冠状动脉供血区的心肌血流灌注情况;腔内强化梯度校正值不能有效预测心肌缺血.     

冠状动脉造影正常患者64排CT冠状动脉成像结果分析

目的 分析介入性冠状动脉造影正常患者64排CT冠状动脉成像的检查结果和影像特点.方法 对介入性冠状动脉造影结果为阴性的52例患者在1月内行64排CT冠状动脉成像检查,对阳性病例进行回顾性分析.结果 64排CT冠脉成像显示52例中,冠状动脉局限性管壁增厚29例(55.77%),管腔无狭窄23处,轻度狭窄6处,平均狭窄程度8%;弥漫性管壁增厚8例(15.38%),管腔无狭窄1例,轻度狭窄7例,平均狭窄程度为11%;单纯内膜钙化或管壁内钙化3例(5.77%),管腔未见明显狭窄.结论 64排CT冠状动脉成像更适宜作为冠心病诊断的首选影像检查方法.     

双源CT对壁冠状动脉狭窄程度与心肌桥长度和厚度相关性的研究

目的 利用双源CT(DSCT)探讨壁冠状动脉(MCA)收缩期的狭窄程度与心肌桥(MB)的长度及厚度间的相关关系.方法 应用DSCT对450例可疑冠心病(CHD)和部分体检者行冠状动脉CTA,2名CT诊断医师独立判断MB-MCA的存在,结果一致时确定为MB-MCA.测量MB长度、厚度,结果 用x±s表示.以每隔5%R-R间期为1个重建时相,观察并测量MCA在整个心动周期中管径的变化,探索管径最大和最小时的时相显示规律,计算MCA最大狭窄程度,应用Pearson相关统计分析狭窄程度与MB的长度及厚度之间的相关关系.结果 450例可疑CHD和体检者,冠状动脉CTA发现MB-MCA 163例(36.2%),192处.在选取的被心肌完全包绕或覆盖的30例MB-MCA中,MCA收缩期管径最小时出现于R-R间期30%～35%者27例(90.0%),MCA舒张期管径最大时出现于R-R间期70%～80%者27例(90.0%).统计学结果显示,MCA管腔狭窄程度与MB的厚度呈明显相关(r=0.675,P<0.01),而与MB的长度无明显相关性(r=0.096,P>0.05).结论 DSCT冠状动脉成像MCA管径最小和最大时一般分别出现于R-R间期30%～35%和70%～80%处;MCA收缩期狭窄程度与MB的厚度呈明显相关,而与MB的长度无明显相关.     

128层CT多种图像后处理技术评估心肌桥-壁冠状动脉

目的 探讨128层螺旋CT对心肌桥的诊断效能,评估壁冠动脉狭窄程度.方法 对146例可疑冠心病患者进行128层螺旋CT冠状动脉血管成像,VR、MIP、MPR、CPR对血管进行重建,短轴多平面重组,分析血管在收缩期或舒张期血管狭窄程度.结果 多种图像后处理技术中,MPR/CPR/MIP重建更有利于心肌桥一壁冠状动脉的显示;共检出30例心肌桥,34段;19例发生在前降支,10例发生在回旋支,1例发生在右冠状动脉;17例伴有不同程度的邻近冠状动脉粥样板块形成;1例合并冠状动脉起源异常.结论 128层螺旋CT结合多种图象后处理技术,尤其MPR/CPR/MIP重建可以清晰显示心肌桥一壁冠状动脉,是一种能够无创、准确诊断心肌桥一壁冠状动脉的重要手段.     

Non-invasive assessment of coronary artery geometry using coronary CTA

AimTo assess the association of coronary artery geometry with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods73 asymptomatic individuals at increased risk of CAD due to peripheral vascular disease (18 women, mean age 63.5 ± 8.2 years) underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (coronary CTA) using first generation dual-source CT. Curvature and tortuosity of the coronary arteries were quantified using semi-automatically generated centerlines. Measurements were performed for individual segments and for the entire artery. Coronary segments were labeled according to the presence of significant stenosis, defined as >70% luminal narrowing, and the presence of plaque. Comparisons were made by segment and by artery, using linear mixed models.ResultsOverall, median curvature and tortuosity were, respectively, 0.094 [0.071; 0.120] and 1.080 [1.040; 1.120] on a per-segment level, and 0.096 [0.078; 0.118] and 1.175 [1.090; 1.420] on a per-artery level. Curvature was associated with significant stenosis at a per-segment (p < 0.001) and per-artery level (p = 0.002). Curvature was 16.7% higher for segments with stenosis, and 13.8% higher for arteries with stenosis. Tortuosity was associated with significant stenosis only at the per-segment level (p = 0.002). Curvature was related to the presence of plaque at the per-segment (p < 0.001) and per-artery level (p < 0.001), tortuosity was only related to plaque at the per-segment level (p < 0.001).ConclusionCoronary artery geometry as derived from coronary CTA is related to the presence of plaque and significant stenosis.     

Influence of coronary dominance on coronary artery calcification burden

ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of coronary artery dominance on observed coronary artery calcification burden in outpatients presenting for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA).MethodsA 12-month retrospective review was performed of all CCTAs at a single institution. Coronary arterial dominance, Agatston score and presence or absence of cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes and smoking were recorded. Dominance groups were compared in terms of calcium score adjusted for covariates using analysis of covariance based on ranks. Only covariates observed to be significant independent predictors of the relevant outcome were included in each analysis. All statistical tests were conducted at the two-sided 5% significance level.Results1223 individuals, 618 women and 605 men were included, mean age 60 years (24–93 years). Right coronary dominance was observed in 91.7% (n = 1109), left dominance in 8% (n = 98), and codominance in 1.3% (n = 16). The distribution of patients among Agatston score severity categories significantly differed between codominant and left (p = 0.008), and codominant and right (p = 0.022) groups, with higher prevalence of either zero or severe CAC in the codominant patients. There was no significant difference in Agatston score between dominance groups. In the subset of individuals with coronary artery calcification, Agatston score was significantly higher in codominant versus left dominant patients (mean Agatston score 595 ± 520 vs. mean 289 ± 607, respectively; p = 0.049), with a trend towards higher scores in comparison to the right-dominant group (p = 0.093). Significance was not maintained upon adjustment for covariates.ConclusionsWhile the distribution of Agatston score severity categories differed in codominant versus right- or left-dominant patients, there was no significant difference in Agatston score based on coronary dominance pattern in our cohort. Reporting and inclusion of codominant subsets in larger investigations may elucidate whether codominant anatomy is associated with differing risk.     

冠心病患者冠状动脉侧支循环形成的形态学特点分析

目的:分析国人冠状动脉侧支循环的形态学特点。方法:将265例冠心病病人的冠状动脉造影结果进行分析,按Levin的方法进行分类,并与之比较。结果:不同狭窄程度两组间侧支循环开放率差别有高度统计学意义(X2=14.43,P<0.001)。三支血管间侧支循环开放率差别均有统计学意义(X2=3.96,X2=4.28,P<0.05)。东、西方组冠状动脉各支病变的侧支分布的比较差别有高度统计学意义(右冠状动脉X2=9.68,P<0.01;左冠状动脉X2=41.73,P<0.001;左冠状动脉旋支X2=8.54,P<0.01。结论:冠状动脉侧支循环的形成与冠状动脉狭窄程度及病变血管有关。中国人的冠状动脉侧支循环具有独特性。     

Small coronary vessel disease and sudden coronary death

In an attempt to determine the importance of atherosclerosis in medium-sized coronary arteries, the hearts of 20 patients dying of cardiac disease, within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms, were compared with 19 controls. Post-mortem coronary angiograms were performed and the coronary arteries dissected in detail. Severe stenoses, or complete occlusions, were present in 34 of 80 major coronary arteries in the sudden cardiac death (SCD) group and 5 of 76 in the controls. Medium-sized branch vessels were severely stenosed or occluded in 20.5 per cent (37 of 180 vessels) in the SCD group and 6.4 per cent (11 of 171 vessels) in the controls. Forty of the 48 diseased branch vessels arose from the left anterior descending artery. In the SCD group, 18 patients died from major coronary artery atheroma, one from hypertensive heart disease and only one from disease of a branch vessel. We conclude that, in most cases of SCD, careful macroscopic examination of the major coronary vessels will provide an adequate explanation for death. Detailed dissection of all medium-sized branch vessels is unlikely to be of value as a routine procedure but, at the very least, pathologists should identify and dissect the first septal and diagonal branches of the left anterior descending artery in every post-mortem.     

Relationship of epicardial fat volume to coronary plaque,severe coronary stenosis,and high-risk coronary plaque features assessed by coronary CT angiography

BackgroundAssociations of epicardial fat volume (EFV) measured on noncontrast cardiac CT (NCT) include coronary plaque, myocardial ischemia, and adverse cardiac events.ObjectivesThis study aimed to define the relationship of EFV to coronary plaque type, severe coronary stenosis, and the presence of high-risk plaque features (HRPFs).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 402 consecutive patients, with no prior history of coronary artery disease, who underwent same day NCT and coronary CT angiography (CTA). EFV was measured on NCT with the use of validated, semiautomated software. The coronary arteries were evaluated for coronary plaque type (calcified [CP], noncalcified [NCP], or partially calcified [PCP]) and coronary stenosis severity ≥70% with the use of coronary CTA. For patients with NCP and PCP, 2 high-risk plaque features were evaluated: low-attenuation plaque and positive remodeling.ResultsThere were 402 patients with a median age of 66 years (range, 23–92 years) of whom 226 (56%) were men. The EFV was greater in patients with CP (112 ± 55 cm³ vs 89 ± 39 cm³), PCP (110 ± 57 cm³ vs 98 ± 45 cm³), and NCP (115 ± 44 cm³ vs EFV 100 ± 52 cm³). In the 192 patients with PCP or NCP, on multivariable analysis, after adjusting for conventional cardiovascular risk factors, EFV was an independent predictor of ≥70% coronary artery stenosis (odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3–6.6; P = 0.008), any high-risk plaque features (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9–3.4; P = 0.04), and low attention plaque (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.1–5.1; P = 0.02) but not of positive remodeling.ConclusionsEFV is greater in patients with CP, PCP, and NCP. In patients with NCP and PCP, EFV is significantly associated with severe coronary stenosis, high-risk plaque features, and low attenuation plaque.     

双源CT冠脉成像在冠脉狭窄诊断中的价值

价节段达到94.98%(625/658),图像优良率95.52%(597/625).DSCT诊断冠状动脉狭窄的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为91.8%、98.3%、94.4%、97.5%,其中对左主干、左前降支及右冠状动脉的敏感性及特异性达到95%,对角支、左回旋支分支及有冠状动脉远端的诊断敏感性有所下降,分别为86.0%、71.4%、76.9%.结论 在不控制心率的情况下,DSCT诊断冠脉狭窄安全可靠,可广泛用于冠心病患者的筛查、冠状动脉手术/支架术前评估及术后随访.