人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损

目的总结应用人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损的疗效。方法 2002年1月-2008年10月,收治14例胸壁肿瘤患者。男10例,女4例;年龄28～67岁,平均45岁。原发性肿瘤11例,转移性肿瘤3例。肿瘤位于前胸壁5例,后胸壁3例,侧胸壁6例。病程20～270 d。患者均行扩大根治切除术,切除2～5根肋骨,胸壁缺损范围9 cm×7 cm～17 cm×12 cm,采用单层或双层Marlex网片结合自体肌肉瓣覆盖重建胸壁。结果患者均顺利完成手术。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。胸壁无明显反常呼吸。14例均获随访,随访时间13～26个月,平均21个月。随访期间未出现与材料有关的宿主反应。患者胸壁无明显畸形,外观良好,呼吸运动时胸壁重建处无不适。1例因肿瘤复发伴肝脏转移死亡。结论人工补片胸壁重建治疗胸壁巨大缺损安全、有效。     

胸壁大块缺损外科重建71例报告

目的 探讨胸壁大块缺损后不同外科技术重建的效果.方法 1995年9月至2005年9月对71例不同病因的胸壁大块缺损患者采用多种方法 进行胸壁重建.骨性胸廓重建采用自体组织(肋骨条、阔筋膜、肌瓣)或人工材料(Dacron片、聚四氟乙烯网片 钛合金条、金属丝支架加大网膜片、Dacron和骨水泥构成的三明治式复合体).皮下软组织修复主要应用转移皮瓣、肌皮瓣或大网膜瓣.结果 全组无手术死亡和局部肿瘤复发,2例因感染摘除金属植入物.术后呼吸功能良好,无反常呼吸运动.结论 背阔肌瓣和大网膜瓣修复软组织效果较好,后者对因感染引起的胸壁缺损效果更佳.Dacron片和骨水泥构成的三明治式复合体适用于大块骨性胸廓缺损的重建.     

胸壁全层缺损的修复重建

目的探讨胸壁全层缺损的修复重建方法及疗效。方法 2006年1月-2010年12月,收治14例胸壁全层缺损患者。男8例,女6例;年龄23～65岁,平均42岁。恶性肿瘤切除术后继发胸壁全层缺损12例,乳腺癌术后继发放射性损伤1例,热压伤1例。缺损范围为8 cm×5 cm～26 cm×14 cm。所有患者均伴肋骨缺损(1～5根),3例伴胸骨缺损。术中10例患者应用涤纶网或聚四氟乙烯补片行骨性重建,4例未作骨性重建。分别采用双叶皮瓣、胸大肌肌皮瓣、背阔肌肌皮瓣、腹直肌肌皮瓣修复软组织缺损,皮瓣切取范围为10 cm×7 cm～25 cm×13 cm。供区直接拉拢缝合或游离植皮修复。结果术后2例发生创面愈合不良,经再次彻底清创、肌皮瓣修复和补充植皮后愈合;其余皮瓣均顺利成活,创面Ⅰ期愈合。术后患者均获随访,随访时间6～36个月,平均8个月。除1例骨肉瘤患者因肝转移于术后6个月死亡,其他肿瘤患者随访期间均无复发。热压伤患者未同期行胸壁骨性重建,术后5 d出现短暂轻度反常呼吸,其他患者术后胸廓稳定性良好,无明显反常呼吸及呼吸困难。结论根据胸壁缺损病因、面积和部位,单独或联合应用局部皮瓣或肌皮瓣进行胸壁软组织缺损修复,必要时应用人工材料行胸壁骨性重建,可有效修复严重胸壁全层缺损。     

全层胸壁修复材料的研究进展

大面积的全层胸壁缺损重建,一直是整形外科、心胸外科目前尚未完全解决的难题.胸壁重建的效果往往直接影响患者术后的生存率与生存状态.临床上胸壁全层缺损常见原因包括：①恶性肿瘤切除术,包括转移性非小细胞肺癌、原发性胸壁软组织肉瘤等;②贯穿全层的胸壁热压伤;③胸壁严重的放射伤切除;④严重外伤等.而影响胸壁重建的因素很多,主要包括缺损的部位、深度和大小.一般认为,全层大面积胸壁缺损范围超过6 cm×6 cm且相邻3根以上肋骨受损时,或者胸骨大部分切除的患者,应考虑行胸壁骨性重建,当缺损在前壁或者侧壁时尤其重要.     

基于多学科综合治疗模式的胸壁肿瘤术后巨大复合组织缺损的修复策略

目的 探究胸壁肿瘤切除术后巨大复合组织缺损重建的策略。方法 自2007年1月至2021年1月,中国医学科学院北京协和医院整形美容外科对基于多学科综合治疗（multi-disciplinary team,MDT）模式胸壁肿瘤术后巨大复合组织缺损修复的23例患者,进行回顾性分析和总结。结果 在纳入的23例患者中,19例进行了骨性重建,其中8例钛网,11例钛棒。23例患者均接受了软组织重建,其中12例采用带蒂背阔肌肌皮瓣,4例采用带蒂腹直肌肌皮瓣,4例采用胸大肌肌皮瓣,2例采用局部皮瓣,1例采用游离股前外侧皮瓣。术后平均随访时间为（32.96±22.85）个月,11例恶性肿瘤患者因肿瘤转移死亡,另外7例恶性肿瘤患者及5例良性肿瘤患者存活。12例存活患者中,3例术后出现局部伤口愈合不良,采取扩大清创,二期局部皮瓣转移覆盖缺损区域,其余患者皮瓣完全成活。结论 胸壁肿瘤切除术后巨大复合组织缺损修补需要多学科协作,根据患者情况进行个性化治疗。修复的基本思路是分层重建,骨性重建采用钛棒、钛网,软组织修复重建则应用背阔肌皮瓣、腹直肌皮瓣等。     

膨体聚四氟乙烯补片在胸壁重建中的应用

目的分析膨体聚四氟乙烯(Gore-Tex)补片在胸壁重建中的注意事项,总结临床应用经验。方法回顾性分析第二军医大学长海医院2001年1月至2010年l2月期间33例使用Gore-Tex补片进行修复巨大胸壁缺损的临床资料,男19例,女14例;平均年龄45.7(20～73)岁。根据肿瘤位置、大小选择不同的手术切口;术中尽量保留正常的胸壁软组织,骨性胸壁缺损采用Gore-Tex补片进行重建,软组织直接对拢缝合,全层胸壁缺损采用转移肌皮瓣覆盖创面。结果全组33例均手术顺利,围术期无死亡患者;恶性肿瘤25例,良性肿瘤8例,均被完整切除,切除瘤体直径8～20 cm。随访5～60个月,失访3例(9.09%),无排斥反应及反常呼吸,无异物感,感染率3%(1/33)。结论 Gore-Tex补片具有极佳的生物相容性,是安全有效的胸壁重建材料;选择合适的肌皮瓣覆盖补片,能够减少并发症发生。     

胸壁肿块81例临床分析

目的 探讨胸壁肿块的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析1996年12月至2007年1月间81例胸壁肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中良性肿瘤34例,恶性肿瘤23例,胸壁结核24例,均行胸片检查,阳性率85.2%（69/81）,75例行胸部CT检查,均有阳性发现（100%）。3例转移癌、1例恶性淋巴瘤、2例恶性间皮瘤、4例恶病质的结核患者未手术。34例良性肿瘤、20例胸壁结核患者行单纯切除术;17例恶性肿瘤患者行根治性切除术,其中16例切除后胸壁大块缺损者行M arlex网胸壁重建术。结果 全组无手术死亡,无严重并发症发生。随访78例,良性肿瘤有2例复发,恶性肿瘤术后平均生存时间为1.6（0.5-7）年。结论 CT对胸壁肿瘤的诊断具有较高的价值。胸壁肿瘤不论良恶性均首选手术切除,恶性肿瘤应进行胸壁扩大切除并修复胸壁缺损。     

胸壁肿瘤的外科治疗

目的探讨胸壁肿瘤的切除和胸壁缺损的重建方法。方法自1985年7月至2004年10月对113例胸壁肿瘤患者进行了手术治疗,其中良性肿瘤47例,恶性肿瘤66例,48例肿瘤切除后遗留巨大胸壁缺损而采用转移肌瓣、钢丝网、有机玻璃、牛心包片和巴德复合补片等进行修复重建。结果全组无手术死亡,无严重并发症发生。恶性肿瘤术后1、3、5年生存率分别为73.1%(38/52),52.2%(24/46)和28.9%(11/38)。结论胸壁肿瘤不论良恶性均首选手术切除,恶性肿瘤应进行胸壁扩大切除并修复胸壁缺损,其效果满意。     

修复上胸壁巨大肿瘤切除后缺损一例的早期效果

目的应用钛网、重建钢板及背阔肌带蒂肌皮瓣,修复上胸壁乳腺肉瘤样癌切除后巨大缺损1例,观察术后早期效果。方法于2006年2月收治1例56岁女性上胸壁乳腺肉瘤样癌患者,行肿瘤切除后缺损约20cm×15cm,钛网覆盖胸壁缺损,重建钢板连接双侧锁骨残端,右侧背阔肌带蒂肌皮瓣约20cm×15cm移位修复软组织缺损。结果患者术后3d脱呼吸机,反常呼吸较明显。2周皮瓣血运稳定后,用胸带固定胸廓,反常呼吸渐消失,皮瓣血供良好。复查胸片,钛网及重建钢板位置良好。术后1个月转入肿瘤科化疗。随访3个月,局部及全身无不适;双肩活动度前屈90°,外展90°;肿瘤未见复发。结论胸壁巨大缺损重建时应选择质地较硬的材料,重建钢板维持双侧锁骨的解剖位置,肩关节功能恢复好,背阔肌带蒂肌皮瓣可适当扩大切取。     

扩大股前外侧肌皮瓣在超大面积胸壁缺损修复中的应用北大核心CSCD

目的 探讨扩大股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复超大面积胸壁缺损的临床疗效。方法 2018年8月—2020年12月,采用扩大股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复胸壁肿瘤术后超大面积复杂胸壁缺损患者12例。其中男4例,女8例;年龄28~72岁,平均54.9岁。叶状细胞肉瘤4例,软组织肉瘤2例,肺癌转移胸壁肿瘤1例,乳腺癌复发5例。患者曾行2~7次肿瘤切除手术;其中3例既往行下腹部皮瓣移植手术失败,余9例患者因消瘦不适合采用腹部作为皮瓣供区。创面彻底清创后继发胸壁缺损面积为300~600 cm2;切取皮瓣长(24.7±0.7)cm,皮岛宽(10.6±0.7)cm,股外侧肌瓣长(26.8±0.5)cm,宽(15.3±0.6)cm,血管蒂长度为(7.9±0.6)cm。结果 11例患者肌皮瓣完全成活,肌瓣表面植皮全部成活,供受区创面均Ⅰ期愈合;1例男性患者胸壁切口裂开,进一步采用大网膜联合皮片移植修复。12例患者重建胸壁外形可,质地满意,无皮瓣挛缩变形;皮瓣供区仅遗留线性瘢痕,取皮区轻度增生瘢痕,大腿功能无明显影响。所有患者均获随访,随访时间9~15个月,平均12.6个月。未见肿瘤复发患者。结论 扩大股前外侧肌皮瓣手术操作简便,有效修复面积明显增加,避免了多皮瓣移植,可作为超大面积胸壁缺损修复的挽救手段。     

肺癌根治术后胸壁缺损重建方法的探讨

目的 探讨肺癌直接侵犯胸壁的根治性手术和胸壁重建的不同方法和效果.方法 回顾性总结27例肺癌直接侵犯胸壁根治手术的临床资料,行肺叶切除24例,全肺切除3例,所有患者手术中同时切除肺癌直接侵犯的胸壁,胸壁切除范围从6.5 cm×5.4 cm×5.0 cm至15.5 cm×12.5 cm×10.0 cm,切除肿瘤所侵犯的肋...     

A case report of chest wall reconstruction utilizing microvascular surgery

A 62-year-old man underwent left chest wall reconstruction after resection of the chest wall including 4-6th ribs for the metastatic tumor of squamous cell carcinoma of the left lung. The chest wall defect measuring 15 x 10 cm was reconstructed with double Marlex mesh in skeletal chest and covered with pedicled free mucocutaneous flap of tensor fasciae latae which was implanted by the vascular anastomoses to the thoracodorsal artery and vein using microvascular surgical technique. The flap was attached well and its blood supply was excellent on postoperative angiography.     

A case report on a full-thickness chest wall reconstruction with polypropylene mesh and stainless steel mesh concurrently using a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap.

A full-thickness chest wall resection requires subsequent chest wall reconstruction. A chest wall resection and reconstruction was performed using a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap, together with polypropylene mesh (Marlex mesh) and stainless steel mesh (SSM). A 71-year-old man was diagnosed as having recurrent lung cancer in the chest wall, and underwent surgical resection. Marlex mesh was sutured to the posterior wall of the surgical defect. A portion of the SSM was adjusted to the size of the defect and cut out. Its edges were folded to make the portion into a plate. This SSM plate was placed anteriorly to the Marlex mesh and sutured to the ribs. The Marlex mesh was folded back on the SSM plate by 2 cm and fixed. After the above procedures, a left-sided TRAM flap was raised through a subcutaneous tunnel up to the defect and sutured to the region. The patient was discharged from hospital 19 days postoperatively. The wound was fine and he had no flail chest or dyspnea, and carcinomatous pain resolved.     

A case of giant cell tumor originating from the rib

We have experienced a case of giant cell tumor originating from the rib. A 45-year-old male was admitted to our hospital because of a mass in the left chest wall. A tumor shadow was observed in the left side of chest X ray. Chest CT, bone scintigram showed tumor originating from the left 4th rib. The tumor was suspected giant cell tumor of bone by needle biopsy examination. The tumor was completely resected with chest wall surrounding the tumor. The defect of chest wall was reconstructed with Marlex mesh and the Latissimus dorsi muscle flap. The pathological diagnosis was a giant cell tumor of bone. The patient has been well for two years and one month since surgery, with no signs of recurrence.     

胸壁肿瘤切除后的一期修复重建

目的 观察胸壁肿瘤切除术后胸壁缺损一期修复重建的临床效果。方法 1998年1月～2003年3月外科治疗胸壁肿瘤31例。男20例，女11例。年龄8～72岁。原发性胸壁肿瘤21例，肺癌侵犯胸壁6例，乳腺癌术后复发2例，放射性坏死和皮肤癌各1例。切除肋骨2～7根，平均3．6根。缺损面积20～220cm^2，平均97．1cm^2。合并肺切除10例，部分膈肌切除2例，胸骨下段切除1例。单纯软组织修复7例(背阔肌 大网膜，背阔肌肌皮瓣，背阔肌肌瓣)，单纯骨性重建5例(涤纶布或Prolene网)，骨性合并软组织修复19例(背阔肌、胸大肌、背阔肌 阔筋膜或大网膜，与涤纶布或Prolene网修复)。结果 术后发生并发症3例(9．7％)，其中切口感染1例，软组织与修复物之间积液2例。无手术死亡。26例获5～57个月随访，术后生存时间6～57个月，中位生存时间22个月。结论 胸壁肿瘤切除术后造成的巨大缺损，采用胸壁修复重建术可获得良好的临床效果。     

Full-thickness chest wall resection for recurrence of breast malignancy

We present outcomes in 13 consecutive patients with solitary, local chest wall recurrence subsequent to mastectomy for breast malignancy who were operated on in 1983--2001. All patients underwent full-thickness chest wall resection (FTCWR) and immediate reconstruction. The mean chest wall defect area was 108 cm(2). The choice of reconstruction method was individualized. The reconstruction was accomplished with the patient's own tissues, in three cases supported by artificial mesh. Most commonly we used the contralateral breast or myocutaneous flap. We did not observe postoperative complications. The tissues used for the reconstruction provided sufficient stiffness of the rib cage. In all specimens the surgical margins were negative. The estimated 5-year survival after excision of recurrent tumor is 62%. FTCWR with immediate reconstruction with soft tissues should be considered in patients with local solitary recurrence after mastectomy for breast malignancy. This option offers good long-term results and minimal morbidity.     

Efficiency of the combination of Mersilene-musculocutaneous flap in the reconstruction of full-thickness chest wall defects. A retrospective study of 14 cases

SUBJECT: The tumors of chest wall can be responsible of large full-thickness defects. The skeletal stabilization by different synthetic materials with numerous modalities of use and the superficial coverage of the defect by a musculocutaneous flap are the two imperatives parts of this reconstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 1997 to January 2006, 14 patients, 10 males and 4 females, aged between 17 and 63 years old and suffering from full-thickness chest wall defects secondary to tumor resection have benefited from a simple reconstruction, wherever the defect, by a Mersilene Mesh and a muscular or musculocutaneous flap. These defects measured between 8 x 12 cm and 14 x 16 cm and were located in the anterior part of the chest in 3 cases, with resection of the upper half of the sternum and the internal part of both clavicles and the first three ribs, and in the lateral part of the chest in 11 cases with resection between 3 and 5 ribs. The histological diagnoses of these tumors were 3 chondrosarcomas, 3 sternum and 1 rib metastases, 2 desmoid tumors, 1 Ewing's sarcoma, 4 benign tumors. The flaps used were pedicled in 13 cases and based on the latissimus dorsi muscle, the serratus muscle and the pectoralis major muscle; in 1 case, the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap was free. RESULTS: The skeletal stabilisation seems satisfying. There was no problems with the pulmonary function except in 4 cases where a dyspnea appears in sustained effort. No vascular complication on these flaps was noted. With a mean follow up of 46 months, there was no local recurrence of the malignant tumors. Two patients were deceased 1 year after surgery.0. CONCLUSION: The Mersilene mesh associated with a locoregional musculocutaneous flap represent a simple and efficient solution for the treatment of such defects.     

六例巨大胸壁缺损的修复

目的 探讨巨大胸壁缺损的修复方法.方法 2005年10月至2009年6月,为6例患者进行巨大胸壁缺损的修复,其中背阔肌肌皮瓣加钛网1例,逆行背阔肌肌皮瓣加聚丙烯网片和涤纶补片1例,游离股前外侧皮瓣1例,双侧胸大肌肌瓣1例,纵行腹直肌肌皮瓣2例.结果 随访1～24个月,皮瓣100%覆盖创面、皮瓣100%成活、心肺功能没有影响、外观满意;并发症:胸壁瘘管1例,胸壁窦道1例经再次清创愈合.结论 巨大胸壁缺损需要分层修复,胸廓缺损可以用鈦网或聚丙烯网片修补,软组织缺损根据部位、大小和范围及周围组织情况,选择不同的修复方法.背阔肌肌皮瓣组织量大、旋转弧度大、血供恒定、容易切取,可作为首选,胸大肌肌瓣、纵行腹直肌肌皮瓣或游离的股前外侧皮瓣,根据实际情况灵活掌握.     

Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the chest wall: reconstruction with polypropylene mesh using a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap

We report a case of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma of the chest wall. After resection, the chest wall defect was reconstructed using polypropylene mesh and a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. A 61-year-old woman presented with a 16-year history of a slow-growing mass underneath the right chest wall. After percutaneous biopsy, preoperative cytopathological examination of the large mass revealed dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. The tumor was resected with a wide margin along with the chest wall including skin, the right seventh to tenth ribs, and part of the diaphragm. The chest wall defect was reconstructed with a polypropylene (Marlex) mesh sheet followed by a left-side transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap.     

Chest wall reconstruction using polyester mesh]

Using polyester, we prepared a new material for chest wall reconstruction. The polyester mesh has the same rigidity and elasticity as Marlex tracheal mesh. From January 1987 through July 1991, we performed chest wall reconstruction using the polyester mesh in 8 patients with lung cancer, 9 with empyema after open drainage, 2 with metastatic chest wall tumors, 1 with a primary osteogenic giant cell tumor originating from the rib and 1 with radiation dermatitis and costal chondritis. Three or more ribs were resected in 17 patients. The defects of the chest wall were reconstructed with the polyester mesh covered with a GORE-TEX soft tissue patch to achieve air tightness. Fifteen cases have passed at least one year with no sign of infection. In conclusion, the polyester mesh prevents flail chest and seems to be a satisfactory material for chest wall reconstruction.