左乳腺癌保乳术后放疗健侧皮肤剂量分析

乳腺癌是一种严重危害女性身心健康的常见恶性肿瘤.早期乳腺癌(Ⅰ -Ⅱ期)局部治疗模式已由传统的切除全乳的根治术或改良根治术转变为乳腺肿瘤局部切除或扩大切除术+术后放射治疗.早期乳腺癌患者保乳手术后实施全乳放射治疗的技术,主要包括目前临床广泛应用的常规切线野放疗(CRT)、三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)和词强适形放疗(IMRT).本研究采用热释光测量方法,在临床治疗剂量条件下,实测患者健侧乳腺入射皮肤剂量,观察左乳腺癌保乳术后在仰卧位摆位条件下不同放射治疗技术时的健侧乳腺皮肤入射剂量的变化,为临床治疗提供参考.     

乳腺癌术前经动脉新辅助化学治疗及栓塞的疗效分析

目的探讨乳腺癌患者外科术前经动脉化学治疗药物灌注并栓塞供养血管后,对外科手术方式以及疗效的影响。方法23例女性单侧乳腺癌确诊患者,在外科手术前6～17 d,行锁骨下动脉局部化学治疗药物灌注和栓塞,化学治疗药物采用FAC/FEC方案,栓塞剂为碘化油和明胶海绵。外科手术前1～3 d行钼靶摄片,测量肿块变化,记录手术出血量和手术方式。结果经动脉化疗灌注栓塞无严重并发症;化学治疗灌注栓塞后5～15 d,部分缓解61%(14/23),病变稳定39%(9/23);20例患者行乳腺癌改良根治术,3例患者行保乳手术。手术出血量45～400 mL,平均出血量(141±96)mL,并与同时期同科室52例乳腺癌改良根治手术(术前未化学治疗栓塞)的出血量90～450 mL,平均(209±83)mL进行对比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乳腺癌术前经动脉新辅助化学治疗及栓塞供养动脉,可使肿块缩小,减少术中出血量,利于手术切除,并增加保乳手术的机会。     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术加综合治疗的临床研究

目的探讨早期乳腺癌保乳手术加综合治疗的适应证、治疗方法及疗效。方法对51例Ⅰ～Ⅱa期乳腺癌施行保乳手术联合术后放疗、化疗及内分泌治疗的综合治疗（保乳组）；并与同期施行改良根治术加综合治疗的56例Ⅰ～Ⅱa期乳腺癌（对照组）进行对比。结果保乳手术方式包括肿瘤局部切除＋腋窝淋巴结清扫术（ALND）15例、象限切除＋ALND术25例、单纯象限切除术11例。两组平均随访16．9个月，保乳组局部复发1例，对照组无局部复发；保乳组远隔脏器转移率为0，对照组为3．6％，两组比较差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）；保乳组与对照组的手术并发症发生率分别为13．7％和33．9％（P〈0．05）。结论临床早期乳腺癌采用保乳手术加综合治疗可以取得满意的临床疗效，且美容效果良好，可作为早期乳腺癌的首选治疗方法。     

ACE-star模式实施功能康复对乳腺癌改良根治术后患者恢复的影响

 目的 探讨ACE-star模式实施功能康复对乳腺癌改良根治术后患者恢复的影响。方法 选择2017年1－12月在北京协和医院行乳腺癌改良根治术治疗的乳腺癌患者。采用方便抽样选择1－6月份行乳癌改良根治术的92例为对照组,7－12月份行乳癌改良根治术的92例为试验组。相同的乳腺癌改良根治手术后,对照组患者仅接受常规护理,试验组接受常规护理+ACE-star模型循证护理干预。对比两组患者术后并发症发生情况,统计患者对护理的满意度,评价手术前后患者心理状态。结果 试验组患者术后皮下积液、淋巴水肿发生率低于对照组(2.2% vs 16.3%,1.1% vs 13.0%),差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。试验组患者对护理工作的满意度高于对照组(97.83% vs 82.61%, P<0.05)。试验组患者在躯体化、敌对性和恐怖方面的得分均低于对照组[(2.2±0.3) vs. (1.5±0.5);(2.3±0.5) vs. (1.7±0.6);(1.9±0.7) vs. (1.2±0.5), P<0.05)]。结论 ACE-star模式护理干预可降低乳腺癌患者术后并发症的发生率,提高患者满意度和生存质量,值得临床推广。     

高压氧治疗对乳腺癌患者术后上肢淋巴水肿的影响

目的:探究高压氧(HBO)治疗对乳腺癌患者术后患侧上肢淋巴水肿的影响。方法:选取2013年1月至2018年1月烟台山医院乳腺外科收治的行腋窝淋巴清扫术(乳腺癌改良根治术或保乳根治术)的乳腺癌患者139例,按照治疗方法分为观察组( n＝70)和对照组( n＝69)。对照组患者术后予以常规放化疗,观...     

早期乳腺癌保留皮肤的保乳手术安全性研究

目的 探讨早期乳腺癌保留皮肤的保乳手术的肿瘤学安全性.方法 取50例行保乳手术的早期乳腺癌患者标本的肿瘤表面皮肤做连续切片并行病理检查,了解皮肤受累情况.结果 50例早期乳腺癌患者接受保乳手术,皮肤切除范围(距肿瘤边缘):0.5～1.0cm 21例,1.0～1.5cm 25例, 1.5～2.0cm 4例, 平均约1.2cm.1例Ⅱ期乳腺癌皮下组织见癌细胞浸润,皮肤受累率2%.皮肤受累与肿瘤表面皮肤改变相关(P＜0.01),与肿瘤大小、病理类型、腋窝淋巴结转移无明显关系.结论 早期乳腺癌皮肤受累率低,如无皮肤改变的临床表现,保留皮肤的保乳手术是安全的.     

早期乳腺癌保乳手术治疗的临床研究

目的探讨早期乳腺癌保乳手术治疗的适应证及方法。方法分析我院近5年来20例保乳手术治疗的乳腺癌患者临床资料。结果保乳术后患者乳房外形均较好,两侧乳房基本对称,患者3年生存率为95％,复发率为5％。结论早期乳腺癌保乳手术治疗安全、疗效确切,全身综合治疗是保乳手术治疗成功的关键。     

乳腺癌保乳手术联合哨兵淋巴结活检术临床疗效观察

目的观察乳腺癌保乳手术及哨兵淋巴结活检的临床疗效。方法 62例临床确诊的早期乳腺癌患者,均行区段切除及哨兵淋巴结活检手术,其中10例哨兵淋巴结阳性者加腋淋巴结清扫术,术后行根治性放疗,并根据临床评价38例行辅助化疗,36例内分泌治疗。结果术后随访24～106个月,中位随访53个月,1例3年内复发,2例5年内复发,局部复发率4.8%。复发者均改行乳腺癌改良根治术。结论对于临床早期乳腺癌患者,保留乳房及哨兵淋巴结活检术可行,术后辅以放疗、化疗及内分泌治疗能够获得满意效果。     

老年乳腺癌62例治疗分析

目的总结老年乳腺癌围手术期处理的经验。方法回顾性总结2004年3月至2013年6月我院收治的62例老年乳腺癌患者的临床资料。结果本组62例患者,经积极充分术前处理后均接受手术治疗,并顺利出院。其中,行全身麻醉下改良根治术40例,保乳改良根治8例,单纯乳房切除术8例,区段切除1例;局部麻醉下肿瘤切除术5例。结论老年乳腺癌具有独特的生物学特点,大部分老年人对手术可良好耐受,故手术仍是主要治疗手段,应重视围手术期处理,手术方式个体化。     

保乳术后乳腺X线摄影内外侧斜位改良投照方法研究

目的 探讨保乳术后乳腺X线摄影内外侧斜(MLO)位改良投照方法及其临床应用价值.方法 对47例需进行常规乳腺X线复查的保乳手术后患者,采用自身对照实验,以对比改良ML O位投照(优化旋转体位)与常规投照位的差异.由2名技师对改良ML O位和常规ML O位图像进行双盲3分制评分(乳头是否在切线位、腺体暴露程度、腺体对比度...     

保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌的疗效及miR-21和miR-155表达的研究

]目的观察保乳手术对早期乳腺癌的远期治疗效果,并检测组织中miR-21和miR-155的表达,探讨其临床意义。方法选择124例早期乳腺癌患者作为研究对象,采用保乳手术为主的综合治疗62例,列为观察组,采用乳腺改良根治手术治疗62例,列为对照组。观察两组治疗方式的远期效果。术后组织应用实时荧光定量PCR法（qRT-PCR）检测观察组中miR-21和miR-155的表达,分析其临床意义。结果两组患者3年和5年随访生存率无明显差别(P>0.05)。观察组随访生活质量评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。观察组中miR-21和miR-155在不同组织学分级、脉管癌栓及有无坏死、钙化的分组的表达中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组5年内复发患者miR-21和miR-155的表达明显高于非复发患者(P<0.05)。生存分析显示miR-21和miR-155的表达与生存时间相关(P<0.05)。结论早期乳腺癌患者应用保乳手术进行治疗,临床效果明显,患者生活质量高。术后检测miR-21和miR-155的表达对判断预后可能具有一定价值。     

保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术Ⅰ期假体植入重建乳房的探讨

目的探讨保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术Ⅰ期假体植入乳房重建的可行性。方法对15例Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后,同期于胸大、小肌间植入硅胶假体重建乳房。结果保留乳头乳晕复合体5例,不保留乳头乳晕复合体10例,术后随访5~27个月,术后外观良好,双侧乳房对称,优良率达97%。所有病例均无局部复发或远处转移。结论保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后用硅胶假体行即刻乳房重建,具有操作方便、效果明显,是安全可行的手术方法。     

Microscopic Residual Disease Is a Risk Factor in the Primary Treatment of Breast Cancer

OBJECTIVES: In the primary treatment of breast cancer, postoperative radiotherapy is performed in high-risk patients after mastectomy and in patients who received breast conserving surgery. In a retrospective analysis, our mono-institutional results of postoperative irradiation have been evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1992 and 1996, 500 patients have been irradiated after surgery for primary breast cancer. Of these, 489 patients had no initial metastases. 89 patients with loco-regional disease had a mastectomy, 400 patients were irradiated after breast conserving surgery. Radiotherapy at the chest wall was performed with 50 Gy and 2 Gy fractions. After microscopically incomplete resection, an electron boost of 10 Gy was given. The ipsilateral lymph nodes were irradiated with 50 Gy when there was extensive lymph node involvement or invasion of tumor in the axillary fat tissue. RESULTS: The 5-year local control rate after mastectomy was 97.4% and 91.2% after breast conserving surgery. The only statistically significant risk factor for local failure was microscopically incomplete resection. The corresponding 5-year local control rates for microscopically incomplete and complete resections were 76.4% and 92.7% (p = 0.01). The risk of local relapse was increased with both marginal invasive and marginal DCIS-tissue. 86.6% of local relapses were in the same quadrant. CONCLUSIONS: High-risk patients after mastectomy and patients with breast conserving surgery achieve a high local control rate with postoperative irradiation. After microscopically incomplete resection, there is an increased risk for local relapse.     

保留乳头乳癌改良根治术评价

目的评价保留乳头乳癌改良根治术应用于乳腺癌的术后美容效果和近期疗效。方法对符合入选条件的早期乳癌患者按乳房大小分为两组,组一施行保留乳头乳癌根治术或一期行扩大背阔肌带蒂肌瓣再造乳房,组二施行保留乳房手术 放疗,比较术后美容效果的优良率,随访复发转移情况。结果两组间患者年龄、病理性质、临床分期相似,术后优良率无统计学差异,无复发生存差别有统计学意义。结论体积小的乳房适合做保留乳头改良根治术,术后Ⅰ期行扩大背阔肌带蒂肌瓣再造乳房效果满意;体积较大的乳房适合于保留乳房手术。保留乳头改良根治术可作为ⅠⅡ期乳癌手术的可供选择的术式。     

Treatment results in males with breast cancer

Because cancer of the male breast is rare knowledge about its biology and behavior is essentially due to a compilation of pooled experiences. Hence, a continued report of cases appears to be important. Therefore a retrospective review of patients suffering from male breast cancer was carried out. Twenty-four evaluable cases were analyzed. Eight patients (1 patient with bilateral Stage I carcinoma was included) were in Stage I, 7 in Stage II, 2 in Stage IIIa, 4 in Stage IIIb, and 3 in Stage IV. Of 23 patients who were treated with mastectomy, 22 had modified radical mastectomy and postoperative irradiation to the chest wall as well as to the peripheral lymphatic areas in most cases. One patient underwent radical mastectomy. Another patient had an excision biopsy only, followed by irradiation. One of 24 patients received tamoxifen; another received cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, predisone (CMF) regimen in an adjuvant setting. Local recurrence developed in one of 23 (4%) patients treated with mastectomy and radiation therapy to the chest wall and peripheral lymphatics. Four (17%) patients developed distant metastases. The 5-year overall survival (Kaplan-Maier) was 90% for the entire group, 100% for patients in Stage I–III disease, and 60% in Stage IV disease (P = <0.005). As observed in former reports the stage of disease at initial presentation seems to be a parameter that significantly contributes to survival in male breast cancer patients. To what extent improved local control by adequate local therapy, such as surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, may improve overall survival remains to be discussed. Correspondnce to: B. Pakisch     

Preoperative breast magnetic resonance imaging: applications in clinical practice

Results of large randomized trials have shown that survival rates after breast conserving surgery are equivalent to those obtained by radical mastectomy. Breast conserving surgery with wide local excision in women with early stage breast cancer who are thought to have a single and resectable tumour as determined by clinical examination and conventional imaging followed by postoperative irradiation is the standard of care in early breast cancer. Mapping of local disease is the key element to guide optimal surgery to obtain tumour-free margins, thereby decreasing risk of local recurrence. The usual preoperative workup of breast malignancy consists of clinical breast examination and mammography with or without ultrasound. However, mammography and ultrasound fail to accurately assess tumour extent in as many as a third of patients eligible for breast conserving therapy. It is well established that magnetic resonance imaging is far superior to mammography (with and without ultrasound) for mapping the local extent of breast cancer. Experts advocate its use despite its high costs, high number of false positive findings, and lack of evidence from randomized prospective trials and, notably, fear of "overtreatment." This article discusses the current role of breast magnetic resonance imaging with its clinical advantages and applications.     

乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌患者的临床效果及对患者预后的影响

目的探究乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术治疗早期乳腺癌患者的临床效果及患者预后的影响。方法从2016年7月-2019年7月收治的早期乳腺癌患者中选择108例作为研究样本,分作两组。其中常态组54例患者行非整形保乳手术治疗,科研组54例患者行乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术治疗,对于其临床效果及患者预后的影响进行深入分析。结果科研组术中引流量、出血量及手术操作时间等手术指标较常态组明显更优,同时科研组无复发与远处转移情况,较参照组明显更优(P<0.05),组间具有显著差异。结论乳腺肿瘤整形保乳手术对早期乳腺癌患者的临床效果确切,同时对其预后产生积极影响,其乳房美容效果优良。     

乳腺癌术后容积调强放疗下移动误差对靶区剂量的影响

目的 通过对乳腺癌术后放疗患者虚拟移动误差,预测实际临床操作中移动误差的宽容范围。方法 回顾性分析了本院近3年来的乳腺癌术后行放疗的患者。根据治疗方法不同抽取10例改良根治术后乳腺癌病例,10例保乳根治术后病例,勾画靶区,制定容积调强放疗计划,移动放疗计划中心点虚拟移动误差,以1 mm步进移动最大至5 mm,重新计算剂量后记录相应数据,记录临床靶区（CTV）的V₅₀、心脏平均量、患侧肺V₂₀,CTV的体积等数据。应用SPSS 19.0软件进行统计分析,重复测量方差分析方法分析移动中心点后靶区实际剂量的变化。直线回归分析方法分析CTV体积与CTV移动中心点后剂量变化的相关关系。结果 虚拟移动误差后在近似乳腺切线方向的轴线方向影响较小,而近似乳腺切线方向的垂直方向影响较大,且在影响较大的垂直轴线上移动超过3 mm 后的CTV（V₅₀）值下降至83.85%,低于对CTV靶区剂量的一般要求。各个方向的移动误差进行统计分析发现,除左乳B方向移动误差所导致的剂量学变化差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）外,其他方向均具有统计学意义（F=34.182、12.877、16.443、9.846、46.829、10.122、57.931,P<0.05）。手术方式（保乳术后与改良根治术后）对靶区移动的影响不大。通过相关性分析发现,乳腺癌患者靶区CTV的体积与左乳B、C及右乳B方向的移动误差所带来的影响具有线性相关（F=5.733、18.496、6.630,P<0.05）,其他方向均无线性相关,且无明显规律可循。结论 在乳腺癌术后放疗中,不论左乳还是右乳,需要对垂直于乳腺切面方向的误差尤其注意。当该方向的误差超过3 mm后, CTV明显不足。移动误差对CTV剂量的影响与乳腺癌手术方式无关,与靶区体积大小的相关性无明显规律。