A morphometric study of submandibular salivary gland changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The morphology of the glands in 9 male rats was studied after 3 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and compared with that of 9 control rats and 6 streptozotocin-treated, non-diabetic rats which served as controls for any effect of streptozotocin not due to diabetes mellitus. In the diabetic group, mean salivary-gland weight and volume was reduced. There was an increase in the ratio of mean volume to total gland volume for seromucous acini (p less than 0.01), intra-lobular striated ducts (p less than 0.001), fat (p less than 0.001) and blood vessels (p less than 0.01), and a decrease in both granular duct (p less than 0.001) and intercalated duct (p less than 0.01) volume ratios. There was a marked reduction in the total length of granular ducts (p less than 0.001) and an increase in the length of striated ducts (p less than 0.001). Measurements from the streptozotocin-treated, non-diabetic group did not differ significantly from those of controls. These effects may be attributable to failure of growth and chronic sodium depletion.     

Actin versus vimentin in myoepithelial cells of salivary gland tumors: A comparative study

Vimentin versus actin expression was immunohistochemically studied in myoepithelial cells of 24 salivary gland tumors in which the participation of myoepithelial cells as a tumoral component has been postulated: two basal cell adenomas, seven pleomorphic adenomas, two myoepitheliomas, seven adenoid cystic carcinomas (two tubular, four cribriform, one solid), six polimorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas. Immunostaining was carried out in formalin-fixed tissue serial sections (3 μm) by the avidin-biotin method, using the antibody vimentin (Dako Corp., Carpenteria, Calif.) and the antibody HHF35 anti-muscle actin (Enzo Biochemical, N.Y.). Our results have confirmed positive staining for vimentin in all salivary tumors studied, although in some tumors it was only in focal areas. The staining for the HHF35 antibody to muscle actin was only consistently found in the adenoid cystic carcinomas of the tubular and cribriform patterns. This study suggests that actin is at least somewhat replaced by vimentin in neoplastic tumoral cells. Therefore vimentin can be used to define the participation and distribution of myoepithelial cells in these tumors.     

Leeching in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of the salivary glands

Twenty patients with chronic inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of the salivary glands (sialadenitis, sialadenosis) were examined and treated using hirudotherapy. Positive clinical shifts were observed in 50% patients; the most pronounced therapeutic effect was observed in patients with sialadenosis. Hirudotherapy was ineffective in patients with chronic parenchymatous parotitis paralleled by Sjogren's syndrome.     

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland. A comparative histologic and immunohistochemical study.

Sixteen polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas were reviewed and compared with 17 adenoid cystic carcinomas and with 21 other histologically similar minor salivary gland neoplasms. The polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas were for the most part distinctive in their microscopic appearance. Typically they exhibited infiltrative growth by small uniform cells in single-layered ducts. A syncytium of tumor cells was also characteristic, although solid and cribriform patterns were seen, making definitive diagnosis difficult with some tumors. Immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, actin, vimentin, and keratins resulted in relatively distinctive antigenic profiles for the tumors studied. Of significance was strong S-100 protein and weak actin staining of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas, moderate actin staining of adenoid cystic carcinomas, moderate glial fibrillary acidic protein staining of monomorphic adenomas and pleomorphic adenomas, and nonreactivity of monomorphic adenomas for vimentin. It is believed that the immunoprofiles could be useful in the microscopic diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. The identification of antigens found normally in myoepithelial and epithelial cells supports the concept that these tumors are derived from pluripotential reserve cells.     

Distribution of intermediate filaments in the salivary glands and salivary gland tumors]

13 cases of salivary glands and 30 of salivary gland tumors were studied by ABC method with 6 monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filaments and one to microfilament. The results showed that the distribution of intermediate filaments in salivary glands had their regularity. According to the reaction to the antibodies, these tumors could be divided into 3 groups and 3 subgroups. The findings also suggested that in the salivary gland tissue the epithelial cells which mainly contained the 54 Kd keratin and the epithelial cells which mainly contained 57/66 Kd keratin were the origin of the salivary gland tumors. The actin-positive myoepithelial cells might play a role in some tumor formation.     

A study of the extracellular matrix in salivary gland tumors

BACKGROUND: Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions constitute fundamental phenomena in the development and maintenance of the characteristic branching pattern seen in salivary glands. This study was undertaken to discuss the extracellular matrix (ECM) role in morphogenesis and cellular differentiation of salivary gland tumors originating from the intercalated duct. METHODS: The ECM components, laminin (LN), type IV collagen, fibronectin (FN), and tenascin (TN) were revealed using a streptoavidin-biotin immunohistochemical technique and analyzed in 34 cases of salivary gland tumors: pleomorphic adenoma (PA); myoepithelioma; basal cell adenoma (BCA); polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA); and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). RESULTS: LN and type IV collagen were present in all tumors, confining well-organized duct-like structures, separating them from the stroma, or surrounding cell clusters. In PA and myoepithelioma, the basement membrane (BM) fragmentation was observed through LN and type IV collagen staining around each individual spindle-shaped cell, which was strictly related to the cell modification. Interestingly, BM interruption could not be seen in the malign tumors, however, was frequently augmented in some cases. LN, type IV collagen, and FN were also found in the stroma of all tumors studied, except for the pseudocystic spaces of ACC, which were only delimited by replicated LN and type IV collagen. TN exhibited a variable expression, being more intense in solid ACC. CONCLUSIONS: LN and type IV collagen were always present around morphologically well-differentiated duct-like structures in all tumors studied. BM interruption could not be seen in the malign tumors, on the contrary BM production was evident, which is probably related to invasion. FN was present in the stroma of all tumors, but TN was mostly observed in less differentiated and higher degree of malignancy tumors, such as solid ACC.     

An immunohistochemical study of keratin in adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary gland]

An immunohistochemical study of keratin was performed in forty-five cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary gland, the results were as follows: keratin was distributed in the duct system of normal salivary gland, but the acini were negative. The distribution of keratin were varied in different patterns of adenoid cystic carcinoma. The amount of synthesis of keratin was many in tubular type of high differentiated carcinoma, but, in basaloid solid type of low differentiated carcinoma, the synthesis of keratin was less; the content of keratin in cribriform and trabecular type was between the tubular type and basaloid solid type, and the former had more keratin than the latter.     

Acute salivary gland hypofunction in the duct ligation model in the absence of inflammation

Objective:  The commonly associated aetiology of salivary gland inflammation and salivary hypofunction has led to the widely held belief that inflammation causes salivary gland hypofunction. Indeed, our own recent study seemed to support this contention. Here, we tested the hypothesis that, in an acute duct ligation model, eliminating inflammation the submandibular gland would recover normal function.
Materials and methods:  Ligation of the rat submandibular gland excretory duct for 24 h was used to induce inflammation and salivary gland hypofunction. A group of duct ligated rats was compared with a second group given dexamethasone, on the day of duct ligation. Twenty-four hours later salivary gland function was assessed and salivary glands were collected.
Results:  Histology and myeloperoxidase activity assay revealed a profound decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration of ligated glands from rats given dexamethasone, compared with ligated glands in the absence of dexamethasone. Salivary flow rate evoked by methacholine was decreased ( P  < 0.01) by approximately 56% (ligated vs control, 79 ± 9  μ l min⁻¹ g⁻¹ vs 177 ± 11  μ l min⁻¹ g⁻¹) and salivary flow from ligated dexamethasone-treated and ligated glands was similar.
Conclusion:  Despite eliminating the inflammatory reaction in the ligated gland, salivary hypofunction was not reversed, suggesting that other mechanisms must be at work in the ligation-induced salivary hypofunction.     

涎腺疾病手术前后尿液表皮生长因子测定的临床研究

目的 :评价涎腺疾病手术前后尿液表皮生长因子 (EGF)含量的变化。方法 :采用竞争性放射免疫分析方法对 3 3例涎腺疾病患者手术前后尿液EGF浓度进行测定。结果 :术前尿液EGF均值为 19.89μg/L ,术后为2 0 .64 μg/L ,正常对照组为 2 4.70 μg/L ,三者之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。腮腺和颌下腺手术前后尿液EGF浓度变化 ,腮腺术前 16.64 μg/L ,术后 17.16μg/L ,颌下腺术前 18.3 2 μg/L ,术后为 2 1.95 μg/L。腮腺和颌下腺手术前后EGF均无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :一侧腮腺颌下腺切除后其尿液EGF含量较术前略有代偿性增加 ,这对保护口腔组织具有重要意义。     

A quantitative study on DNA content of salivary gland carcinomas by image analysis technique]

DNA content was quantitatively determined in 30 cases of salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) by image analysis technique using paraffin-embedded sections stained with Feulgen method. The results showed that the nuclear DNA content was related to the malignancy of SGC, based on the clinical and morphological criteria such as tumor size, mobility, property of growth, mitotic rate, degree of differentiation and the histological type of the tumor. The number of nuclei above 5 C DNA, expressing aneuploidy, seems to be of more prognostic significance. Aneuploidy greater than 10% may be indicative of a poor prognosis for SGC. Thus, it is suggested that the quantitative analysis of DNA content may be able to provide an objective and quantitative reference for evaluating the prognosis of SGC.     

A comparative study of salivary lysozyme in caries-resistant and caries-susceptible adults

Lysozyme concentration was quantitated immunochemically in parotid and submandibular-sublingual saliva of 46 caries-resistant and 17 caries-susceptible adults. There was essentially no difference between the two groups. The concentration of lysozyme was three times higher in the submandibular-sublingual than in the parotid secretion, and was significantly higher in unstimulated submandibular saliva than in secretions stimulated with 1, 2, or 4% citric acid. There were no significant differences in flow rate between caries-resistant and -susceptible subjects. Salivary lysozyme concentration is not a critical determinant of resistance or susceptibility to caries.     

粘液表皮样癌间质变化与生物学特征的研究

为了探讨粘液表皮样癌浸润性生长的机理及其与间质反应的关系,本研究采用Ⅳ型胶原(ⅣC)及纤维连接蛋白(FN)单抗研究24例涎腺粘液表皮样癌。结果发现,(1)粘液表皮样癌的肿瘤团块周围未见基底膜围绕;(2)肿瘤细胞表面FN及ⅣC均已丢失;(3)肿瘤间质成份中富含FN及ⅣC纤维。研究结果还发现,在高分化肿瘤中,间质纤维紧紧围绕肿瘤团块呈环状或束状排列;在低分化肿瘤中,间质纤维明显减少,排列紊乱,与肿瘤团块之间有明显的间隙。研究结果提示,(1)粘液表皮样癌细胞已丧失合成FN与ⅣC的能力,不能形成基底膜;(2)低分化粘液表皮样癌破坏间质的能力明显高于高分化肿瘤。这些特征可能在粘液表皮样癌的浸润,扩散及转移过程中具有重要意义。     

Histometric and histochemical changes in the submandibular salivary gland of noradrenaline-administered mice

The recovery process of the secretory tubule cells in the mouse submandibular gland (SMG) following the injection of noradrenaline (NA) was studied. In mature male mice given 10mg/kg of NA, a significant decrease (p < 0.001) of tubule size and a strong decrease of tryptophan in the tubule cells occurred from 30min to 2h after the injection; transient increases of size at 5 h and of tryptophan at 12 h were found. A second decrease of size and tryptophan occurred 1 day after the injection. Both began to increase again at 2 days and reached a near normal point 8 days after the injection. A marked increase of RNA was observed from 30 min to 12 h, and a decrease 1 day after the injection. RNA increased again at 4 days and then decreased. In female mice, weak and delayed responses were obtained with 10 mg/kg of NA. Changes in the SMG in both sexes of immature mice injected with 3 mg/kg of NA were similar to those in mature mice receiving 10 mg/kg of NA, though different in timing. No marked effects were observed from the injection of 3 mg/kg of NA into either sex in mature mice. The results suggest that it takes more than 8 days for the secretory components in tubule cells to recover after secretion, and the re-synthesis of secretory protein in the tubule cells may be closely related to male hormones.     

小涎腺局灶性增生的临床病理观察

目的：涎腺局灶性增生为发生于口腔小涎腺的少见病,临床常误诊为良性肿瘤或其他病变,为提高临床病理诊断水平,本文进行了总结。方法：复习628例小涎 肿瘤及瘤样病变的病理切片中,有9例属于本病。结果：9例的发生部位以腭部最多见（4／9）,其次为上唇（2／9）、颊、磨牙后垫及舌各1例,临床表现增生物较小,为柔软的实性团块,与周围组织之间无明显界限。病理表现为大量粘液腺泡的聚集,腺导管基本正常,无炎症或散在少量慢性炎症细胞,偶见少量腺泡的细胞膜消失,腺泡融合,增生物与周围腺体之间无明显界限。结论：本病临床表现为缓慢增生的肿块,作为准确诊较困难,只有手术后病理检查才能确诊。     

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神经鞘磷脂(sphingomyelin,SM)是细胞膜的重要组成成分,是生成参与信号转导的神经酰胺(ceramide,CER)的主要来源。神经鞘磷脂酶(sphingomyelinase,SMase)是一种可催化神经鞘磷脂水解,生成CER和磷酸胆碱的酶。