血管紧张素原基因多态性与高血压关系的研究

目的研究中国人血管紧张素原基因多态性与原发性高血压的关系。方法应用聚合酶链反应对天津地区１１２例正常人及１３１例高血压患者ＡＧＴ基因２３５位点限制酶切片段长度多态性进行检测。结果ＡＧＴ基因２３５位点有三种基因型为ＴＴ、ＴＣ、ＣＣ，其中ＣＣ基因型与高血压发病相关，高血压组Ｃ基因频率高于对照组（Ｐ＝０．０３２）。结论ＣＣ基因型与Ｃ等位基因可作为高血压易感性的指标     

血管紧张素原M235T基因多态性对血压影响的研究

目的：研究血管紧张素原基因（ＡＧＴ）第二外显子Ｍ２３５Ｔ等位基因的多态性与高血压之间的关系。方法： 应用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）结合限制性酶切方法对１０５例健康体检者与１０２例原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者进行基因突变的检测。结果：（１）ＥＨ患者Ｔ２３５ 等位基因频率（０．４４５）高于对照组（０．３２３）,Ｐ＜ ０．０５。在男性ＥＨ患者与男性对照组中差别更为明显（Ｐ＜ ０．０１）;（２）在有家族史的ＥＨ 患者中,Ｍ２３５Ｔ 突变基因型（ＴＴ型）频率高于正常对照组（４２．１％ ＶＳ１８．８％ ,Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：（１）ＡＧＴ基因的突变与ＥＨ的发病具有相关性。对男性ＥＨ影响可能更大;（２）在有家族史的高血压患者中, ＡＧＴ２３５的ＴＴ基因型与ＥＨ有关     

血管紧张素原基因M235T多态性对NIDDM患者发生高血压的影响

目的 研究血管紧张素原（ＡＧＴ）基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ多态性对ＮＩＤＤＭ患者发生高血压的影响。方法 用限制性普分析法检查ＡＧＴ基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ多态性Ｍ２３５和Ｔ２３５的频率和ＴＴ、ＴＭ和ＭＭ基因型在正常对照组（６８例）、糖悄病非高血压组（１０４例）和糖尿病高血压组（８７例）中的分布，并检查各基因型对实验对象血压水平的影响。结果 糖尿病高血压组患者ＡＧＴ基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ多态性Ｔ２３５的频率明显高于对照组和糖尿病     

M235T基因多态性对血压影响的研究

目的：研究血管紧张素原基因（ＡＧＴ）第二外显子Ｍ２３５Ｔ等位基因的多态性与高血压之间的关系。方法：应用多聚酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）结合限制性酶切方法对１０５例健康体检者与１０２例原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者进行基因突变的检测。结果：⑴ＥＨ患者Ｔ２３５等位基因频率（０．４４５）高于对照组（０．３２３）,Ｐ〈０．０５。在男性ＥＨ患者与男性对照组中差异更为明显（Ｐ〈０．０１）;⑵在有家族史的ＥＨ患者中,Ｍ２３５Ｔ     

血管紧张素Ⅱ一型受体基因 A 1166C多态性与高血压病的关系

研究中国汉族人血管紧张素 Ｉ Ｉ的 Ｉ型受体（ Ａ Ｔ１ Ｒ） Ａ１１６６ Ｃ 基因多态性与原发性高血压的关系。　方法：测定１２０ 例汉族原发性高血压病人和 ８６ 个汉族正常人的血压、体重指数、空腹血糖及血胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度。用盐析法提取外周血白细胞 Ｄ Ｎ Ａ,用 Ｐ Ｃ Ｒ加上限制性酶切方法检测 Ａ Ｔ１ Ｒ的 １１６６ 位基因突变。　结果：高血压组除收缩压、舒张压显著高于对照组外,其它临床指标如体重指数、空腹血糖及血脂水平两组间无显著差异; Ｅ Ｈ 患者 Ａ Ｔ１ Ｒ 基因 Ａ Ｃ基因型频率比正常对照组 Ａ Ｃ基因型频率高（０．１８１ ｖｓ ０．０５８, Ｐ＜ ０．０１）, Ｃ１１６６ 等位基因频率 Ｅ Ｈ 组高于正常对照组（０．０９１ ｖｓ ０．０２９, Ｐ＜ ０．０５）;两组中均未发现 Ｃ Ｃ纯合子基因型。　结论：在中国汉族人群中, Ａ Ｃ基因型与原发性高血压有关, Ｃ等位基因可能是一个高血压的易感基因。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体基因A1166/C多态性与原发性高血压及血脂水平关系

目的：探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ－１型受体（ＡＴ_１Ｒ）基因 Ａ１１６６／Ｃ多态性与国人原发性高血压的关系,并探讨原发性高血压的发病机制。方法：应用限制性内切酶酶解聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）的方法检测７０例健康人和１１２例高血压患者的ＡＴ_１Ｒ基因型,生化技术测定血脂水平。结果：原发性高血压组的ＡＣ基因型频率２５．７％,Ｃ等位基因频率１２．９％,分别显著高于正常对照组的７．１％和３．６％（Ｐ＜０． ０５）;原发性高血压组的 ＡＴ_１Ｒ基因与血浆 ＬＰ（ａ）水平正相关。结论：提示ＡＴ_１Ｒ基因Ａ１１６６／Ｃ多态性可能是原发性高血压的遗传因素,ＡＴ_１Ｒ基因可能参与脂质的调节。     

家族性原发性高血压与血管紧张素原基因M235T突变关系的研究

目的：探讨血管紧张素原基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ突变与家族性原发性高血压（ＥＨ）的关系。　　方法：应用脱氧核糖核酸（ＤＮＡ）杂交和测序检定方法,对一个典型原发性高血压大家系１００名成员［分直系亲属高血压组（ｎ＝ ４５）、直系亲属正常血压组（ｎ＝ ３８）及非直系亲属正常血压组（ｎ＝ １７）］和正常血压对照家系直系亲属２１ 名（为正常对照组）成员按＜ ３５岁和≥３５岁２个年龄层的Ｍ２３５Ｔ突变进行分析。　　结果：比较４组在＜ ３５ 岁和≥３５ 岁２个年龄层的Ｍ２３５Ｔ分布。表明各年龄层中,４组间Ｍ２３５Ｔ基因型及基因频率分布未见显著不同。　　结论：血管紧张素原基因Ｍ２３５Ｔ突变与该家族性原发性高血压没有显著关联;Ｍ２３５Ｔ突变可能不是该家族性原发性高血压的遗传易感因素。     

胰岛素受体基因第8外显子多态性与原发性高血压病的关系

目的：探讨ＩＮＳＲ基因第８ 外显子ＮｓｉＩ多态性与原发性高血压（ＥＨ）的关系。方法：ＥＨ 患者（ｎ＝ １２０）和正常对照组（ｎ＝ ８６）进行血压、身高、体重及空腹血糖（Ｇｌｕ）、血总胆固醇（Ｔｃｈ）、甘油三脂（ＴＧ）浓度测定；用饱和盐析法常规提取外周血白细胞ＤＮＡ，采用多聚酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）结合限制性内切酶方法检测基因多态性。结果：高血压组除收缩压、舒张压显著高于对照组外，其它临床指标如体重指数、空腹血糖及血脂水平两组间无显著差异；ＩＮＳＲ基因Ｎ２ 等位基因频率在ＥＨ组高于正常对照组（０．２５４ｖｓ０．１６９， Ｐ＜ ０．０５）。结论：ＩＮＳＲ基因ＮｓｉＩ多态性与中国人高血压病有关，Ｎ２ 等位基因可能是中国人高血压病的一个易感基因     

高血压病及其并发症与AT1R基因多态性

目的：本研究通过检测一型血管紧张素Ⅱ受体（ＡＴ１Ｒ）基因的Ｃ１１６６等位基因在正常人和原发性高血压（ＥＨ）患者中的频率,探讨ＡＴ１Ｒ基因多态性与原发性高血压以及与高血压左室肥厚、动脉硬化、微白蛋白尿之间的关系。方法：ＥＨ患者（ｎ＝１２０）和正常对照组（ｎ＝８６）进行血压、身高、体重及空腹血糖（Ｇｌｕ）、血总胆固醇（Ｔｃｈ）、甘油三脂（ＴＧ）浓度测定,并测定７８例高血压患者的左室重量指数（ＬＶＭＩ）     

载脂蛋白E内含子1内增强子多态性与散发性Alzheimer病的关系

目的 探讨载脂蛋白Ｅ（ａｐｏＥ）增强子元件基因多态性与散发性Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病（ＡＤ）的关系。方法 应用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（ＰＣＲ－ＲＦＬＰ）技术检测ａｐｏ内含子１内增强子元件（ＩＥ１）基因型。结果 散发性ＡＤ组（ｎ＝４２）ａｐｏＥ ＩＥ１ Ｇ／Ｇ基因型频率０．５９５，而对照组（ｎ＝１０８）则为０．３９８，散发性ＡＤ组显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。Ｇ／Ｇ基因型个体患ＡＤ风险为Ｇ     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.