肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者食管动力的研究

有资料表明,肝硬化并发上消化道大出血者中７５％由食管静脉曲张破裂出血引起［１］,胃食管反流是引起该并发症的重要诱因之一。我们通过对２１例肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者进行食管测压及２４小时ｐＨ监测,旨在探讨肝硬化患者食管运动功能及胃食管反流情况,试图对临床应...     

肝硬化食管静脉曲张对食管动力的影响

文献显示肝硬化食管静脉曲张对食管动力影响的机制不详[1 ] 。我们试图通过对 94例肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者与正常对照组食管测压结果的比较 ,发现并阐明其对食管动力的影响机制。一、研究对象1 正常组 :72例 ,男性 61例 ,女性 1 1例 ,平均年龄(2 7 1± 1 0 2 )岁。均无消化系统疾病史 ,无胃肠道症状 ,无腹部手术、外伤史。2 肝硬化组 :94例 ,男性 81例 ,女性 1 3例 ,平均年龄(44 2± 1 0 3)岁。入选条件 :(1 )确诊为肝硬化、胃镜证实食管静脉曲张的住院病人 ;(2 )无发热、感染、肝性脑病、出血等并发症[2 ] 。肝功能分级 (Ｃｈｉｌｄ分…     

肝炎后肝硬化血清一氧化氮的变化及其意义

国外研究表明,血清一氧化氮（ＮＯ）有助于临床判断肝炎后肝硬化（ＬＣ）病情变化。我们观察了不同病期ＬＣ患者血清ＮＯ、肝功能及门静脉内径的变化,探讨它们之间的相互关系和ＮＯ在肝炎后肝硬化中的临床意义。对象与方法　（１）肝硬化组：ＬＣ患者６４例,男性３５例,女性２９例,年龄３８岁～８５岁,平均年龄４７．８３±１６．７２岁。活动期３１例、静止期３３例。诊断符合全国第五次传染病学术修订方案。（２）对照组：随机选择年龄匹配健康体检者３６例。所有对象无亚硝酸盐类饮食及药物治疗史。（３）方法：空腹采静脉血２ｍｌ…     

肝硬化患者食管动力与肝功能障碍的关系研究

目的研究肝功能减退对食管动力的影响.方法对无腹水或经治疗腹水消退后的肝硬化患者63例,进行Child-pugh分级,和健康对照组22例分别进行食管测压及24小时pH监测.结果肝硬化组下食管括约肌压力(LESP)、远端食管蠕动波幅(PA)、蠕动时间(PD)和蠕动传导速度(PV)与对照组比较显著异常(P＜0.05).LESP在ChildC级较ChildB级显著下降(P＜0.05),与Child-Pugh分数呈负相关(r＝-0.523,P＜0.01),伴各胃食管酸反流指标显著异常和胃食管反流病(GERD)发生率升高,P均小于0.01.食管静脉曲张程度也显著影响PA、PD和PV(P＜0.05),而LESP无明显下降.结论肝硬化患者食管动力异常和胃食管酸反流的原因除食管静脉曲张外,肝功能减退使其加重和LESP下降.     

肝炎后肝硬化患者血糖异常临床分析

对病毒性肝炎和肝炎后肝硬化病人的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖进行检测,并与病毒性肝炎患者进行对比.结果肝炎后肝硬化病人可以出现糖代谢紊乱(69.4%),明显多于病毒性肝炎患者,空腹低血糖,空腹高血糖及餐后2h血糖升高均可能出现.结论对肝炎后肝硬化患者进行血糖监测有重要意义.     

肝炎后肝硬化合并HDV感染的临床观察

本文将33例肝炎后肝硬化分为合并丁型肝炎病毒(HDV)感染组(13例)与不合并HDV 感染组(20例),着重对两组临床经过进行了比较,感染组除了加重肝功能损害外,对发生肝衰竭、并发症的严重后果以及转归无明显影响.     

肝炎后肝硬化患者血糖异常临床分析

对病毒性肝炎和肝炎后肝硬化病人的空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖进行检测，并与病毒性肝炎患者进行对比。结果：肝炎后肝硬化病人可以出现糖代谢紊乱（69．4％），明显多于病毒性肝炎患者，空腹低血糖，空腹高血糖及餐后2h血糖升高均可能出现。结论：对肝炎后肝硬化患者进行血糖监测有重要意义。     

高分辨率测压法在食管动力检测中的临床应用

高分辨率测压（HRM）是近年来发展的一种新型的固态测压法。采用密集分布的压力传感器同步采集整个食管的压力数据,通过计算机软件转变为三维空间图像,更简单直观地分析结果。基于HRM的分析特点出现了一种新的食管动力障碍芝加哥分类方法。本文对HRM的原理、分析指标、常见食管动力障碍性疾病在HRM中的特点及HRM的优缺点进行了概述。     

无效食管动力临床特征分析

目的 分析无效食管动力(IEM)的临床特征。方法 选择2021年7月至2022年7月因胃食管反流病(GERD)样症状或吞咽梗阻于四川大学华西医院行高分辨率食管测压及食管24 h pH监测的患者338例。根据IEM发生情况将其分为正常食管动力组(n=264)和IEM组(n=74)。比较两组人口学特征、食管测压数据、酸暴露时间百分比(AET)、临床症状及对质子泵抑制剂治疗的反应情况。结果 IEM组男性人数比例大于正常食管动力组,胃食管结合部(EGJ)基础压低于正常食管动力组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组年龄、体质量指数、EGJ分型比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组反酸/烧心、胸痛、咽喉不适、吞咽梗阻、非特异症状发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。IEM组总AET>4.0%、立位AET>6.0%及卧位AET>2.0%人数比例均高于正常食管动力组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组抑酸治疗有效率差异无统计学意义(52.08%vs 47.37%;χ²=0.341,P=0.559)。多因素logisti...     

Diagnostic non-invasive model of large risky esophageal varices in cirrhotic hepatitis C virus patients

AIM To build a diagnostic non-invasive model for screening of large varices in cirrhotic hepatitis C virus(HCV) patients. METHODS This study was conducted on 124 post-HCV cirrhotic patients presenting to the clinics of the Endemic Medicine Department at Mansoura University Hospital for evaluation before HCV antiviral therapy: 78 were Child A and 46 were Child B(score ≤ 8). Inclusion criteria for patients enrolled in this study was presence of cirrhotic HCV(diagnosed by either biopsy or fulfillment of clinical basis). Exclusion criteria consisted of patients with other etiologies of liver cirrhosis, e.g., hepatitis B virus and patients with high MELD score on transplant list. All patients were subjected to full medical record, full basic investigations, endoscopy, and computed tomography(CT), and then divided into groups with no varices, small varices, or large risky varices. In addition, values of Fibrosis-4 score(FIB-4), aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI), and platelet count/splenic diameter ratio(PC/SD) were also calculated.RESULTS Detection of large varies is a multi-factorial process, affected by many variables. Choosing binary logistic regression, dependent factors were either large or small varices while independent factors included CT variables such coronary vein diameter, portal vein(PV) diameter, lieno-renal shunt and other laboratory noninvasive variables namely FIB-4, APRI, and platelet count/splenic diameter. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was plotted to determine the accuracy of non-invasive parameters for predicting the presence of large esophageal varices and the area under the ROC curve for each one of these parameters was obtained. A model was established and the best model for prediction of large risky esophageal varices used both PC/SD and PV diameter(75% accuracy), while the logistic model equation was shown to be(PV diameter ×-0.256) plus(PC/SD ×-0.006) plus(8.155). Values nearing 2 or more denote large varices.CONCLUSION This model equation has 86.9% sensitivity and 57.1% specificity, and would be of clinical applicability with 75% accuracy.     

经口内镜下肌切开术对贲门失弛缓症患者食管动力的影响

目的探讨经口内镜下肌切开术(peroral endoscopic myotomy,POEM)初次治疗对贲门失弛缓症(achalasia,AC)患者术后食管动力的影响。方法纳入2012年1月至2016年6月期间于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院就诊并行POEM治疗的AC患者,按研究设计完成各项检查、POEM治疗及随访观察,比较各型AC患者的POEM治疗成功率以及POEM治疗前后食管动力的改变。结果POEM术后6个月随访时,Ⅰ型AC患者的症状缓解率为100.0%(13/13),Ⅱ型为95.5%(42/44),Ⅲ型为90.1%(10/11)。与术前比较,术后1~6个月内下食管括约肌静息压[10.5(6.9,15.8)mmHg比24.6(18.3,35.1)mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]、4 s整合松弛压[6.0(3.7,8.8)mmHg比21.8(15.3,28.0)mmHg]、上食管括约肌静息压[43.4(33.7,57.3)mmHg比45.3(33.2,71.1)mmHg]、上食管括约肌残余压[1.5(0.0,4.6)mmHg比3.9(1.1,6.9)mmHg]均明显改善(P均<0.05)。术后6个月,食管腔扩张的最宽直径较术前明显减小[(3.0±0.7)cm比(3.9±1.1)cm,P<0.001],总Eckardt评分较术前明显降低[1(0,2)分比6(5,8)分,P<0.001]。POEM术后,Ⅰ型AC患者食管体部均未出现蠕动恢复,Ⅱ型AC患者中有4例(9.1%,4/44)较术前恢复弱蠕动或期前收缩,Ⅲ型AC患者中10例(90.9%,10/11)较术前出现正常蠕动波、期前收缩或弱蠕动的比例增加。结论POEM术后不仅食管胃交界部流出道梗阻得到改善,而且食管体部动力也一定程度上发生改变,其中部分患者体部动力有一定恢复;但是这种变化在3个AC亚型表现不同,Ⅲ型最明显,其次是Ⅱ型,Ⅰ型则无明显改变。     

食管静脉曲张患者食管动力及套扎治疗对其影响

目的探讨肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者的食管动力及套扎治疗对其影响。方法对食管静脉曲张组套扎治疗前后及对照组进行食管测压和２４小时ＰＨ监测。结果食管静脉曲张患者远端食管的蠕动波幅（ＰＡ）、蠕动时间（ＰＤ）、蠕动的传导速度（ＰＶ）均明显异常,产值分别小于０．００１、０．０１、０．０１,且与曲张程度相关。套扎治疗后ＰＡ及ＰＶ显著改善,Ｐ值均小于０．０５,并同时有病理性酸反流存在,而治疗后酸反流亦明显改善。结论静脉曲张患者存在有食管动力障碍和病理性酸反流,套扎治疗显著改善这些异常。     

老年健康人及反流性食管炎患者食管运动功能的测定

目的比较老年和非老年健康人、反流性食管炎患者食管运动功能的异同。方法应用微气囊法对３０例老年健康人、１９７例非老年健康人、３０例老年反流性食管炎患者、４５例非老年反流性食管炎患者食管运动功能进行检测。结果（１）老年健康人食管下括约肌（ＬＥＳ）松弛时间为（８．１±０．８）秒,长于非老年健康人的（７．１±１．０）秒（Ｐ＜０．０１）,食管蠕动波压力和食管上括约肌压力〔（４０．５±２．９）ｍｍＨｇ和（４８．７±１８．１）ｍｍＨｇ,１ｍｍＨｇ＝０．１３３ｋＰａ〕低于非老年健康人的（４５．０±１０．５）ｍｍＨｇ和（５６．１±２１．２）ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,同步收缩波发生率较非老年健康人增多（Ｐ＜０．０１）;（２）老年反流性食管炎组ＬＥＳ松弛时间〔（１０．８±１．１）秒〕延长和食管蠕动波压力〔（３３．２±２．９）ｍｍＨｇ〕降低比非老年组〔（９．２±３．７）秒、（４０．３±６．３）ｍｍＨｇ〕更明显（均为Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论（１）老年健康人有食管运动功能障碍;（２）老年反流性食管炎患者食管运动障碍比非老年患者明显。     

Impact of acute hepatitis C virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is not uncommon. Acute hepatitis delta virus (HDV) superinfection is associated with severe and/or progressive liver disease. The natural course following acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) superinfection has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of acute HCV superinfection. METHODS: The clinical features during acute phase and long-term outcomes of acute HCV superinfection were studied and compared with a cohort of acute HDV superinfection and a matched control group of active chronic hepatitis B. RESULTS: Acute HCV superinfection typically occurs as acute icteric hepatitis. The severity is similar to acute HDV superinfection in that hepatic decompensation developed in 34% of patients, hepatitis failure occurred in 11%, and 10% died. During a follow-up period of 1-21 years, patients with acute HCV superinfection had a significantly higher cumulated incidence of cirrhosis (48% at 10 years) and hepatocellular carcinoma (14% at 10 years, 21% at 15 years, and 32% at 20 years) than acute HDV superinfection or active chronic hepatitis B. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance occurred earlier in HCV superinfected patients. Continuing hepatitis after HBsAg seroclearance was observed only in HCV superinfected patients. CONCLUSIONS: Acute HCV superinfection in patients with chronic HBV infection is clinically severe during its acute phase. The long-term prognosis following acute HCV superinfection is much worse than that following HDV superinfection or active hepatitis B in terms of continuing hepatitis activity after HBsAg loss and the development of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.     

Superinfection of TT virus and hepatitis C virus among chronic haemodialysis patients

BACKGROUND: The TT virus (TTV), a new DNA virus found in Japan from a patient with post-transfusion hepatitis non-A-non-G, is frequently positive in the sera of patients with liver disease. It is not established whether this virus causes liver damage. We studied the frequency of superinfection of this virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV) known to be endemic among haemodialysis patients, and the possible deleterious effect of TTV on HCV-induced chronic liver disease. METHODS: We used primers from a conservative region in the TTV genome (Okamoto, 1998) to detect TTV. Sera from 163 dialysis patients positive for anti-HCV and 77 dialysis patients negative for anti-HCV (control) were tested. RESULTS: TT Virus positivity was 35% among HCV antibody (anti-HCV)-positive patients and 45.4% among anti-HCV-negative patients. TT Virus positivity was unrelated to the length of haemodialysis or amounts of blood the patients had received in the past. More anti-HCV-positive patients had a history of transfusion, but TTV positivity was not as closely associated with transfusion as anti-HCV positivity. The severity of chronic liver disease was estimated from peak serum alanine aminotransferase levels in the preceding 6 months. Among anti-HCV positives, TTV-positive patients tended to have less active disease; at least there was no indication that TTV superinfection aggravated chronic hepatitic C in long-term dialysis patients. Four of 35 anti-HCV-negative, TTV-positive patients had chronic active liver disease, while none of the anti-HCV-negative and TTV-negative patients did. CONCLUSIONS: TT Virus infection is prevalent among haemodialysis patients. Its transmission occurs not only by blood transfusion, but also by non-parenteral infection. Superinfection of TTV does not exert deleterious effects on the liver disease induced by HCV. However, it may cause chronic hepatitis in a limited number of patients, but remains dormant most of the time. Triple infection, HCV and TTV plus HBV or HGV (one case each), did not cause severe liver disease.     

Interferon treatment of cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C

SUMMARY. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the more important infectious diseases yet to be conquered. An estimated 3.5 million people in the USA have chronic HCV. Each year, 8000 to 10000 of these chronically infected patients die of a liver-related complication of their infection. The introduction of effective blood screening assays has resulted in a remarkable decrease in the incidence of post-transfusion HCV infection. Nonetheless it is essential to have a treatment programme for chronic HCV disease that prevents the development and the progression of compensated cirrhosis to either decompensated cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, as many individuals present to the health care system with chronic active hepatitis or cirrhosis. A completely safe and effective treatment strategy for chronic HCV, with or without cirrhosis, remains to be developed. Of the various treatment alternatives currently available, only interferon (IFN) has been evaluated extensively. IFN therapy has been shown to induce remissions of the hepatic inflammatory process and also to eliminate the viral infection in some treated cases. As a result, the selection of patients for treatment and the dose and the duration of therapy with IFN are still controversial issues. It is widely held that cirrhotic individuals do not respond to IFN therapy and that treatment of decompensated cirrhotic individuals with HCV infection is dangerous. Here we review data regarding the available experience with IFN treatment of HCV-positive individuals with cirrhosis and compare the response rates of cirrhotics to those reported for individuals with chronic active HCV.     

Clearance of hepatitis C virus in HIV-infected patients with multiple chronic viral hepatitis

Viral interferences between hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) viruses were investigated in a case-control study conducted in 107 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with HCV antibodies. Overall, 15 (68%) of 22 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients had negative serum HCV-RNA while it occurred in only nine (10%) of 85 HBsAg-negative counterparts (P = 0.02). After adjusting for age, antiretroviral therapy, plasma HIV-RNA and CD4 counts, being HBsAg-positive was strongly associated with having negative serum HCV-RNA (odds ratio: 23; 95% confidence interval: 6-59; P < 0.001). Thus, HBV may favour the elimination of HCV in HIV-infected patients, which may influence liver disease and therapeutic decisions.