微创Juvara联合Akin截骨术治疗重度母外翻的临床疗效研究

目的 探讨微创Juvara联合Akin截骨术治疗重度母外翻的临床疗效。 方法　选取2016年8月~ 2018年8月佛山市中医院骨八科治疗的重度母外翻患者45例（50足）,均采用微创Juvara联合Akin截骨术。术前、术后3个月、6个月、12个月均通过X线片测量母外翻角、跖骨间角、跖骨远端关节角、跖趾关节远端固定角、趾骨间角,参照美国足踝外科协会（AOFAS）评分和Olerud-Molander主观功能（OMA）评分标准进行测评。 结果　45例患者术后均获随访,随访时间12 ~ 17个月,平均（14.20 ± 1.55）个月,无复发病例。上述指标及评分方面,术前与术后3个月、6个月、12个月相比,差异均具有显著性意义（P<0.01）;术后3个月、6个月和12个月两两比较,差异均无显著性意义（P>0.01）。 结论 微创Juvara联合Akin截骨术治疗重度母外翻疗效确切,手术切口小,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

First Metatarsal Proximal Opening Wedge Osteotomy for Correction of Hallux Valgus Deformity: Comparison of Straight versus Oblique Osteotomy

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of proximal opening wedge osteotomy using a straight versus oblique osteotomy.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 104 consecutive first metatarsal proximal opening wedge osteotomies performed in 95 patients with hallux valgus deformity. Twenty-six feet were treated using straight metatarsal osteotomy (group A), whereas 78 feet were treated using oblique metatarsal osteotomy (group B). The hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), distal metatarsal articular angle, and distance from the first to the second metatarsal (distance) were measured for radiographic evaluation, whereas the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) forefoot score was used for clinical evaluation.

Results

Significant corrections in the HVA, IMA, and distance from the first to the second metatarsal were obtained in both groups at the last follow-up (p<0.001). There was no difference in the mean IMA correction between the 2 groups (6.1±2.7° in group A and 6.0±2.1° in group B). However, a greater correction in the HVA and distance from the first to the second metatarsal were found in group B (HVA, 13.2±8.2°; distance, 25.1±0.2 mm) compared to group A (HVA, 20.9±7.7°; distance, 28.1±0.3 mm; p<0.001). AOFAS scores were improved in both groups. However, group B demonstrated a greater improvement relative to group A (p=0.005).

Conclusion

Compared with a straight first metatarsal osteotomy, an oblique first metatarsal osteotomy yielded better clinical and radiological outcomes.     

三维可视化技术在Chevron手术治疗母外翻术前规划中的应用探讨

目的　探讨三维可视化技术在Chevron手术治疗母外翻术前规划中的应用价值。 方法　2014年1月至2015年12月本科室收治的20例轻度、中度母外翻患者,年龄48~72岁,行三维螺旋CT下0.625 mm薄层扫描,在M3D软件中三维图像处理系统上进行建模、模拟截骨,测量母 外翻角、第1,2跖骨间角,在不同截骨角度值下比较各测量值间的差异。 结果 数字化重建母 外翻模型、模拟截骨后按术前规划进行手术,与矫形后影像学表现进行比对,两者相符程度很高。AOFAS评分明显升高,患者满意度较高。 结论 三维重建母 外翻患者足部负重位模型可以清楚显示第1跖列在三维空间上的位置改变,为Chevron 截骨面设计,矫形后第1跖骨头的三维数据测量等提供量化依据。个性化制订母 外翻矫形手术方案,使足部形态及负重功能更好,术后患者满意度提高。     

Point-Connecting Measurements of the Hallux Valgus Deformity: A New Measurement and Its Clinical Application

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate new point-connecting measurements for the hallux valgus angle (HVA) and the first intermetatarsal angle (IMA), which can reflect the degree of subluxation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ). Also, this study attempted to compare the validity of midline measurements and the new point-connecting measurements for the determination of HVA and IMA values.ResultsCompared with midline measurements, point-connecting measurements showed higher inter- and intra-observer reliability for preoperative HVA/IMA and similar or higher inter- and intra-observer reliability for postoperative HVA/IMA. Patients who underwent distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy (DCMO) had higher intraclass correlation coefficient for inter- and intra-observer reliability for pre- and post-operative HVA and IMA measured by the point-connecting method compared with the midline method. All differences in the preoperative HVAs and IMAs determined by both the midline method and point-connecting methods were significant between the deviated group and subluxated groups (p=0.001).ConclusionThe point-connecting method for measuring HVA and IMA in the subluxated first MTPJ may better reflect the severity of a HV deformity with higher reliability than the midline method, and is more useful in patients with DCMO than in patients with proximal chevron metatarsal osteotomy.     

基于足负重位CT影像应用Mimics软件测量拇外翻相关指标

目的 探讨基于足负重位CT图像应用Mimics软件测量拇外翻相关角度的准确性及可靠性。方法 前瞻性选择昆明医科大学第一附属医院2016年7月—2017年3月收治的30例(36足)拇外翻患者,应用Mimics软件对患者足负重位CT图像行拇外翻3D重建。应用Mimics软件拟合区域功能自动分析计算生成近节趾骨轴线和第一、二跖骨轴线,并重建第一跖骨远端实际关节面,通过近节趾骨与第一跖骨3D模型进行修正;采用以上解剖学参数实现对拇外翻角(HVA)、跖骨间角(IMA)、跖骨远端关节面夹角(DMAA)的精确测量。由4名测量者分别使用上述计算机辅助CT建模测量法与常规X线测量法对30例拇外翻患者进行测量,比较各组观察指标测量结果的统计学差异,并行Bland-Altman分析一致性。结果 4名测量者采用常规X线法和CT建模重建法测量结果的ICC值分别为0.89和0.91,可靠性优。传统X线测量法测量患者HVA、IMA分别为29.10°±10.04°、13.98°±4.38°,CT建模法测量患者HVA、IMA分别为30.02°±10.62°、13.83°±4.29°,差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05);传统X线测量法测量患者DMAA为12.57°±3.96°,CT建模法测量患者DMAA为16.21°±3.65°,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Bland-Altman结果显示对于HVA、IMA角的两种测量方法一致性较好,DMAA的测量结果一致性较差。结论 基于足部模拟负重CT图像应用Mimics软件测量拇外翻HVA、IMA、DMAA可以精准生成上述3个角的边线,进而实现角度的精确测量;重建第一跖骨远端关节面,使DMAA测量的准确度和可靠性明显优于常规X线测量法。该方法是一种可行、可靠并且精准的测量方法,为拇外翻精准化、个体化治疗提供了可靠的基础。     

Ludloff截骨术治疗踇外翻的三维数字模型研究

目的　建立母外翻足三维数字模型,通过模拟Ludloff截骨手术,比较术前术后各项参数的变化,预测术后疗效及并发症,为临床进行母外翻Ludloff截骨术提供一定的理论支持,尽可能降低手术风险,增加手术安全性,提高疗效。 方法　回顾性调查11例（13足）在本院足踝外科治疗的母外翻患者,模拟手术前后对三维重建模型进行母外翻角（HVA）、第1~2跖间角（IMAI~II）、第1跖骨长度、第2跖骨相对长度、第1~5跖间角（IMAI~V）等数值测量记录,并行统计学分析。 结果 模拟截骨术前后HVA分别为（35.62±6.54）°,（11.43±3.24）°;IMAI~II分别为（16.43±2.41）°,（9.12±3.18）°;第1跖骨长度分别为（63.58±4.17）mm,（59.87±3.83）mm;第2跖骨相对长度分别为（93.74±6.02）°,（86.85±5.36）°;IMAI~V分别为（29.68±3.65）°,（19.45±2.46）°。模拟手术前后上述对应指标改变有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论　应用三维数字模型技术对母外翻患者进行模拟Ludloff截骨术及测量相关参数,是一种可以评估Ludloff截骨效果的数字化技术,为制定手术方案提供依据。     

Ludloff截骨术治疗踇外翻的三维数字模型研究

目的　建立母外翻足三维数字模型,通过模拟Ludloff截骨手术,比较术前术后各项参数的变化,预测术后疗效及并发症,为临床进行母外翻Ludloff截骨术提供一定的理论支持,尽可能降低手术风险,增加手术安全性,提高疗效。 方法　回顾性调查11例（13足）在本院足踝外科治疗的母外翻患者,模拟手术前后对三维重建模型进行母外翻角（HVA）、第1~2跖间角（IMAI~II）、第1跖骨长度、第2跖骨相对长度、第1~5跖间角（IMAI~V）等数值测量记录,并行统计学分析。 结果 模拟截骨术前后HVA分别为（35.62±6.54）°,（11.43±3.24）°;IMAI~II分别为（16.43±2.41）°,（9.12±3.18）°;第1跖骨长度分别为（63.58±4.17）mm,（59.87±3.83）mm;第2跖骨相对长度分别为（93.74±6.02）°,（86.85±5.36）°;IMAI~V分别为（29.68±3.65）°,（19.45±2.46）°。模拟手术前后上述对应指标改变有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论　应用三维数字模型技术对母外翻患者进行模拟Ludloff截骨术及测量相关参数,是一种可以评估Ludloff截骨效果的数字化技术,为制定手术方案提供依据。     

重建板矫形内固定治疗拇外翻临床研究

目的探讨重建板矫形内固定治疗拇外翻的临床疗效。方法 2008年10月~2011年4月采用重建板矫形内固定术治疗拇外翻患者25例,共48足。临床症状采用美国足与踝关节协会1994年制定的AOFAS评分系统,影像学采用2006年2月中华骨科学会足踝外科学组制定的拇趾外翻的分型标准,术前与术后进行对比。结果术后与术前相比,HVA平均矫正17.3±1.2°,IMA平均矫正3.5±1.2°。AOFAS评分平均增加55.6±3.7分。结论重建板矫形内固定治疗拇外翻是一种较为理想的方法。     

Endobutton悬吊钢板在拇外翻畸形中的新应用

背景:拇外翻是一种复杂的畸形,尚无治疗金标准,截骨治疗目前得到推崇,但并发症较多,能否进行不截骨矫正拇外翻是作者所在课题组进行的一项新尝试。目的:探讨Endobutton钢板悬吊固定治疗拇外翻畸形的效果。方法:2013年4月至2018年8月苏州大学附属常州肿瘤医院骨科采用Endobutton钢板悬吊固定治疗拇外翻26足,不截骨。所有患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。术前、术后测量拇外翻角及第1,2跖骨间角,术后12个月评估美国足踝外科协会评分。结果与结论:①所有患者均获满意随访,随访周期8-38个月;②术后患者拇外翻角[(14.15±3.60)°vs.(28.95±4.12)°,P<0.01]及第1,2跖骨间角均显著小于术前[(7.88±0.90)°vs.(15.82±1.81)°,P<0.01]:③术后12个月患者美国足踝外科协会评分为(89.15±7.81)分,显著高于术前(62.08±7.10)分(P<0.01);④提示Endobutton钢板悬吊固定第1,2跖骨间是治疗拇外翻是一种可行的方案。     

Three-dimensional assessment of lower limb alignment: Reference values and sex-related differences

BackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) preoperative planning and assisted surgery is increasingly popular in deformity surgery and arthroplasty. Reference ranges for 3D lower limb alignment are needed as a prerequisite for standardized analysis of alignment and preoperative planning in 3D, but are not yet established.MethodsOn 60 3D bone models of the lower limbs based on computed tomography data, fifteen parameters per leg were assessed by standardized validated 3D analysis. Distribution parameters and differences between sexes were evaluated. Reference values were generated by adding/subtracting one standard deviation from the mean.ResultsWomen had a significantly lower mean mechanical lateral distal femoral angle compared with men (86.4 ± 2.1° vs. 87.8 ± 2.0°; P < .05) and significantly lower mean joint line convergence angle (−2.5 ± 1.4° vs. -1.3 ± 1.2; P < .01), but higher mean hip knee ankle angle (178.9 ± 1.9° vs. 177.8 ± 2.3°; P < .05) and mean femoral torsion (18.2 ± 9.5° vs. 13.2 ± 6.4°; P < .05), resulting in a tendency towards valgus alignment and vice versa for men. Differences in mean medial proximal tibial angle were not significant. The mean mechanical axis deviation from the tibial knee joint center was 6.9 ± 7.3 mm medial and 1.4 ± 16.1 mm ventral without significant differences between sexes.ConclusionsWe describe total and sex-related reference ranges for all alignment relevant axes and joint angles of the lower limb. There are sex-related differences in certain alignment parameters, which should be considered in analysis and surgical planning.     

An explorative investigation of functional differences in plantar center of pressure of four foot types using sample entropy method

In the study of biomechanics of different foot types, temporal or spatial parameters derived from plantar pressure are often used. However, there is no comparative study of complexity and regularity of the center of pressure (CoP) during the stance phase among pes valgus, pes cavus, hallux valgus and normal foot. We aim to analyze whether CoP sample entropy characteristics differ among these four foot types. In our experiment participated 40 subjects with normal feet, 40 with pes cavus, 19 with pes valgus and 36 with hallux valgus. A Footscan^® system was used to collect CoP data. We used sample entropy to quantify several parameters of the investigated four foot types. These are the displacement in medial–lateral (M/L) and anterior–posterior (A/P) directions, as well as the vertical ground reaction force of CoP during the stance phase. To fully examine the potential of the sample entropy method for quantification of CoP components, we provide results for two cases: calculating the sample entropy of normalized CoP components, as well as calculating it using the raw data of CoP components. We also explored what are the optimal values of parameters m (the matching length) and r (the tolerance range) when calculating the sample entropy of CoP data obtained during the stance phases. According to statistical results, some factors significantly influenced the sample entropy of CoP components. The sample entropies of non-normalized A/P values for the left foot, as well as for the right foot, were different between the normal foot and pes valgus, and between the normal foot and hallux valgus. The sample entropy of normalized M/L displacement of the right foot was different between the normal foot and pes cavus. The measured variable for A/P and M/L displacements could serve for the study of foot function.     

A game plan for growth: how football is leading the way in the consideration of biological maturation in young male athletes

In order to investigate the shape and size differences in feet caused by daily footwear, a comparative study was conducted on foot morphology in two populations. The data from six measurements in general physique and 18 measurements in the feet and their contours were obtained from 34 Filipino women in Isabela Province and 40 Japanese women in Tokyo. Despite the fact that the Tokyo women had larger physique than the Isabela women, there were no significant differences in foot size between two groups. Both relative size of foot for general physique and intragroup deviation of foot proportion were larger in the Isabela women than those in the Tokyo women. In comparing foot contour, many measurements relating particularly to foot proportion, represented by angles, showed significant differences between the two groups. In gross observation some of the Isabela women showed marked deformity of the grand toe to the lateral side, ‘like a hallux valgus’ without any complaints. In principal-component analysis (PCA), CP1 was interpreted as size factor, CP2 was considered as position of foot axis, CP3 and CP4 were estimated as degree of angle between foot axis and ball axis. Means of individual score by PCA showed a completely inverse pattern between Isabela and Tokyo women. The differences in foot morphology recognized in these two groups were considered from the point of view of differences of daily footwear, which have not changed in the Philippines but have changed dramatically in Japan since World War II. We concluded that the deformity like a hallux valgus, frequently found in previous generations of Japanese who used to wear traditional footwear, geta and zori, must have been a healthy deformity, however, the pathological deformity hallux valgus is observed only in the Isabela women of today.     

Spinal motor control differences between the sexes

Activity-related knee joint dysfunction is more prevalent in females than males. One explanation for the discrepancy is differences in movement patterns between the sexes. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these differences remain unidentified. This study tested spinal motor control mechanisms influencing motor neuron pool output and subsequent muscle activation in 17 males and 17 females. The following variables were assessed at the soleus: the gain of the unconditioned H-reflex, gain of both intrinsic pre-synaptic inhibition (IPI) and extrinsic pre-synaptic inhibition (EPI), the level of recurrent inhibition (RI), the level of supraspinal drive determined by the ratio of the V _max:M _max (V-wave), electromechanical delay (EMD) and the rate of force development (RFD). The Wilks Lambda multivariate test of overall differences among groups was significant (p?=?0.031). Univariate between-subjects tests revealed males had greater RI (p?=?0.042). However, the sexes did not differ on any of the other variables tested. In conclusion, the sexes differ on modulation of spinal motor control. Specifically, RI, a post-synaptic regulator of force output, was greater in males.     

女性外翻引发籽骨嵴磨损的影响因素分析

Objective To explore the risk factors influencing the intersesamoidal crista erosion infemale patients with hallux valgus.Methods Symptomatic female hallux valgus patients who underwent a weightbearing CT scan were reviewed from October 2017 to June 2018. A total of 144 patients (237 feet) aged 19-84 years (53.79±13.04) were included in the study. Two groups were identified by whether or not the inersesamoidal crista eroded. Parameters about hallux valgus included age, inter-metatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), tibial sesamoid grading on dorsoplantar view, coronal plane sesamoid grading, first metatarsal rotation angle (α angle), and first metatarsal bottom rotation angle (β angle). The two groups of data were compared by Student's t-test, Wilcoxon rank test, or chi-square test according to data type and distribution. Parameters that had significant differences were included in the logistic regression by the forward model, and risk factors of intersesamoidal crista erosion were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was then used to determine the cut-off values.Results The 144 (237 feet) patients showed an IMA of 13.85°±3.15°, an HVA 31.52°±11.23°, a DMAA of 18.10°±8.08°, an α angle of 22.78°±6.89°, and a β angle of 15.01°±6.45°. Only the β angle had no statistical difference (Z=-1.171, P>0.05), and all other parameters were statistically significant (all P values<0.05). Logistic regression results showed that age [(OR(95% CI): 1.05(1.02-1.09), P＜0.01)] and coronal plane sesamoid grading [(OR(95% CI): 4.41(2.90-6.70), P<0.01)] were the risk factors for intersesamoidal crista erosion. ROC calculation showed that the cut-off value of age was 53.5 years old (sensitivity 85.1%, specificity 56.6%), and that of coronal plane sesamoid grading was 1.5 (sensitivity 90.4%, specificity 67.8%).Conclusions The intersesamoidal crista erosion in female patients with hallux valgus is affected by age and coronal plane sesamoid grading but not by IMA, HVA, DMAA, sesamoid grading on the dorsoplantar plane and first metatarsal rotation angle.     

Stress Responses in Male and Female Engineering Students

Abstract

Male and female engineering students were studies under stress induced by a cognitive-conflict task and in a control condition spent in inactivity. The results showed that (a) in the control condition the sexes did not differ in adrenaline, noradrenaline or cortisol excretion, whereas heart rate was significantly higher in the females; (b) adrenaline excretion and heart rate increased significantly in both sexes during stress: (c) the rise in adrenaline excretion was more pronounced in the males, whereas the rise in heart rate was significantly greater in the females; (d) cortisol excretion increased significantly during stress in the male group only; and (e) self-estimates of effort and performance were consistently higher and increased more over time in the males than in the females, but these sex differences on the subjective level were not reflected in actual performance. The interaction of biological and social factors in the development of sex differences in stress reactions is discussed.     

Differences in impact on adjacent compartments in medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty versus high tibial osteotomy with identical valgus alignment

BackgroundIt is unclear why medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with postoperative valgus alignment causes adjacent compartment osteoarthritis more often than high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for moderate medial osteoarthritis of the knee with varus deformity. This study used a computer simulation to evaluate differences in knee conditions between UKA and HTO with identical valgus alignment.MethodsDynamic musculoskeletal computer analyses of gait were performed. The hip–knee–ankle angle in fixed-bearing UKA was changed from neutral to 7° valgus by changing the tibial insert thickness. The hip–knee–ankle angle in open-wedge HTO was also changed from neutral to 7° valgus by opening the osteotomy gap.ResultsThe lateral tibiofemoral contact forces in HTO were larger than those in UKA until moderate valgus alignments. However, the impact of valgus alignment on increasing lateral forces was more pronounced in UKA, which ultimately demonstrated a larger lateral force than HTO. Valgus alignment in UKA caused progressive ligamentous tightness, including that of the anterior cruciate ligament, resulting in compression of the lateral tibiofemoral compartment. Simultaneously, patellofemoral shear forces were slightly increased and excessive external femoral rotation against the tibia occurred due to the flat medial tibial insert surface and decreased lateral compartment congruency. By contrast, only lateral femoral slide against the tibia occurred in excessively valgus-aligned HTO.ConclusionsIn contrast to extra-articular correction in HTO, which results from opening the osteotomy gap, intra-articular valgus correction in UKA with thicker tibial inserts caused progressive ligamentous tightness and kinematic abnormalities, resulting in early osteoarthritis progression into adjacent compartments.     

Chevron截骨术对外翻足关节接触特征影响的生物力学研究

目的 探究Chevron截骨术截骨远端外侧位移距离对外翻足关节接触特征的影响,为临床上选择合适的位移距离提供参考依据。方法 测量踝关节中立位状态下正常足、外翻足及外翻足Chevron截骨术截骨远端分别向外侧位移2.0、4.0、6.0 mm后前足、中足和后足各关节接触力、峰值压强和接触面积,并对结果进行分析。结果 与正常足相比,外翻足第1跖楔关节（t=-3.33, P=0.02）、跟骰关节（t=-2.74, P=0.03）和距下关节（后关节面）（t=-2.89, P=0.03）的接触力显著增高;外翻足距舟关节（t=-2.73, P=0.03）与跟骰关节（t=-2.74, P=0.03）的峰值压强显著增高;行Chevron截骨术后,随着截骨远端向外侧位移距离的增加,外翻足第1跖楔关节和跟骰关节的接触力逐渐减小;外翻足距舟关节和跟骰关节的峰值压强逐渐减小。结论 中度外翻足行Chevron截骨术后,当第1跖骨截骨远端向外侧位移6 mm时能有效恢复部分关节间力的分布,且能缓解部分关节局部应力集中现象。     

Knee rotation associated with dynamic knee valgus and toe direction

BackgroundDynamic knee valgus contributes to injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). However, it is unclear how the knee rotates during dynamic knee valgus. Knee rotation significantly affects ACL strain. To understand knee rotation during dynamic knee valgus should help the clinician evaluate dynamic alignment. The purpose of this study was to determine how the knee rotates during dynamic knee valgus and whether the knee rotation is affected by toe direction (foot rotation).MethodsSixteen females performed dynamic knee valgus in three toe directions (neutral, toe-out, and toe-in) while maintaining the knee flexion angle at 30°. The knee rotation angle was evaluated using a 7-camera motion analysis system. Knee rotation was compared between the start position and the dynamic knee valgus position, as well as among the three toe directions, using repeated measures ANOVA models.ResultsThe knee significantly rotated externally in the dynamic knee valgus position compared with the start position in two toe directions (neutral and toe-out). A similar tendency was observed with the toe-in condition. Toe direction significantly affected the knee rotation angle. For toe-out and toe-in conditions, external and internal shifts of knee rotation compared with neutral were observed.ConclusionsThe knee rotates externally during dynamic knee valgus, and the knee rotation is affected by toe direction.Clinical RelevanceBecause of knee abduction and external rotation, the ACL may impinge on the femoral condyle in the case of dynamic valgus, especially in the toe-out position.     

可吸收螺钉在踇外翻第1跖骨远端改良chevron截骨中的应用**☆

背景：第1跖骨远端改良chevron截骨是治疗踇外翻的常用术式,应用可吸收螺钉进行固定的效果尚存争议。 目的：评价可吸收钉在踇外翻第1跖骨远端改良chevron截骨中的应用效果。 方法：对8例中度踇外翻患者行远端改良chevron截骨,V形截骨后采用1枚2.7 mm可吸收螺钉固定,穿前足免负重鞋6~8周。 结果与结论：纳入的8例患者均获随访,随访时间28~46个月。患者伤口均一期愈合,踇外翻角改善为15°~21°,平均(17.63±2.07)°;第1,2跖骨间角为7°~9°,平均(8.00±0.76)°;美国足踝外科协会踇趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分由术前的(70.13±7.10)分提高到术后的(92.75±7.30)分(P < 0.05)。说明远端改良chevron截骨后使用可吸收螺钉固定治疗轻中度踇外翻疗效可靠,是一种有效的固定方法。 关键词：可吸收螺钉;踇外翻;chevron截骨;踇趾;跖趾;趾间关节 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.12.024     

Sex-specific 24-h acetylcholine release profile in the medial prefrontal cortex: Simultaneous measurement of spontaneous locomotor activity in behaving rats

The difference in visual object recognition by males and females suggests a sex-specific function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In the present study, we performed an in vivo microdialysis study in three groups of rats (males, diestrous females, and proestrous females) to examine the potential sex difference in acetylcholine (ACh) release in the mPFC. The dialysate was automatically collected from the mPFC every 20 min for 24 h under freely moving conditions and the spontaneous locomotor activity was simultaneously monitored. Although ACh release in the mPFC during the dark phase was significantly greater than during the light phase in both sexes, the female rats consistently exhibited a significantly greater mean ACh release than the males. Spontaneous locomotor activity during the dark phase was also significantly greater than during the light phase in both sexes, but the females exhibited significantly greater spontaneous locomotor activity than the males. In addition, both sexes of rats were found to have significant positive correlations between ACh release and spontaneous locomotor activity, but females were found to have significantly greater correlation coefficients than males. Stereological methods were used to examine the number of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive cells in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis and the horizontal diagonal band of Broca. The number of choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive cells in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis was also greater in females than males, suggesting a contribution to the higher ACh release in females. In contrast, no sex difference in the choline acetyltransferase immunoreactive cells was observed in the horizontal diagonal band of Broca. This is the first report to show a sex difference in the 24-h ACh release profile in the mPFC of behaving rats.