Relationship between perceived perinatal stress and depressive symptoms,anxiety, and parental self-efficacy in primiparous mothers and the role of social support

The aim of the authors in this study was to evaluate the relationships between perceived perinatal stress and social support to psychological health outcomes in mothers. A longitudinal, quantitative study was conducted in Geneva, Switzerland on 235 primiparous mothers from September 2010 to January 2012. Data were collected between gestational weeks 37 and 41 (T1), 2 days post-delivery (T2), and at 6 weeks postpartum (T3). Perinatal stress was associated with depressive symptoms (R² = 0.223), anxiety (R² = 0.242), and a low sense of parental self-efficacy (R² = 0.21). However, satisfaction with social support moderated the relationship of stress to the health of mothers. In particular, the authors noted that the more women were provided with support from their partners, the less depressive symptoms and elevated levels of anxiety they reported, even under stressful conditions, while the satisfaction of support from their mothers boosted their sense of competency. Furthermore, satisfaction with emotional support from professionals tempered the stress during the post-partum period (?R² = 0.032; p < .05). The results revealed that perinatal stress was related to the psychological health of mothers, but social support may modulate these effects. A number of approaches could be implemented to manage this stress.     

Depressive and anxiety symptoms among housemaids

BACKGROUND: Housemaid, the most common occupation in the female labor force in Brazil, is known to be targeted by a generalized racial and job discrimination, which can generate mental suffering such as depressive and anxiety symptoms. In this cross-sectional study, the association between being a maid and having depressive and anxiety symptoms was evaluated. METHODS: Data for this study was taken from a former survey carried out in a random sample of 470 families living in a poor area of the city of Salvador, capital of the state of Bahia, Northeast Brazil. The study population comprised all women between the ages of 14 and 69, who reported having a paid occupation (n = 335). Data was collected by trained interviewers, using questionnaires. Psychological symptoms were identified using the Questionnaire for Psychiatric Morbidity among Adults, (QMPA), from which only those related to depression and anxiety (QMPA-SAD) were analyzed. RESULTS: Logistic regression showed that being a housemaid was positively associated with "sadness/tiredness" (adjusted prevalence ratio, PR(adj) = 1.64; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.17-2.28), "poor concentration" (PR(adj) = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.13-2.90), "palpitations" (PR(adj) = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.28-3.84), and "aggressive behavior" (PR(aj) = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.01-2.46). CONCLUSIONS: Although cross-sectional designs are limited by causal inference, these results are in accordance with those obtained in qualitative studies. Advances in the Brazilian labor legislation with respect to domestic service may help to reduce social discrimination and contribute towards minimizing a possible mental burden resulting from this occupation.     

Caring for persons with schizophrenia at home: examining the link between family caregivers' role distress and quality of life

This article re‐examines the link between role distress and quality of life of family caregivers of a loved one with schizophrenia by exploring the impact of role overload (defined as spending 7 or more hours daily looking after the care recipient). Role theory and symbolic interactionism provide the conceptual background to this study. The research question is: under what conditions does role distress reduce quality of life? The answer helps us identify circumstances under which caregivers may be able to carry out their stressful caregiving role while minimising a decline in their quality of life. The data are from a purposive sample of 47 family caregivers in Singapore who were interviewed in person using a semi‐structured questionnaire. The data analysis includes non‐parametric tests, exploratory factor analysis and relative risks estimates. The findings show that the inverse association between role distress and quality of life found in most studies of family caregivers changes when hours of care are taken into consideration. While role distress is found among all family caregivers it only reduces the family caregiver's quality of life in situations of role overload. The implications for the situation of family caregivers are discussed.     

Effects of zinc and magnesium supplements on postpartum depression and anxiety: A randomized controlled clinical trial

Postpartum anxiety and depression are prevalent disorders. The authors of this study aimed to determine the effects of zinc and magnesium supplements on depressive symptoms and anxiety in postpartum women referred to three governmental, educational hospitals in Tabriz, Iran during 2014–2015. In this triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial, the participants were randomly assigned to the zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, and placebo groups (n = 33 per group). The intervention groups received a 27-mg zinc sulfate tablet or 320-mg magnesium sulfate tablet per day for 8 weeks, whereas the control group received a placebo tablet each day during the same period. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were completed before and 8 weeks after the intervention. Blood samples were drawn from each participant to determine serum levels of zinc and magnesium before intervention at 48 hours after delivery. Also, a 24-hour dietary questionnaire was used during the first and last 3 days of the intervention. Adjusting for baseline scores as well as zinc and magnesium serum levels, no significant difference was observed between groups 8 weeks after delivery in mean scores of depressive symptoms (p = .553), state anxiety (p = .995), and trait anxiety (p = .234). This study concluded magnesium and zinc did not reduce postpartum anxiety and depressive symptoms.     

中国农村已婚妇女社会性别意识、家庭事务决策及孕产期保健状况调查

目的了解中国农村地区已婚妇女对社会性别平等的认识、家庭决策权状况及其对孕产期保健服务利用的影响。方法2004年11-12月在河北、湖北和四川省的3个联合国人口基金项目县,对1227名有0～7岁孩子的妇女进行面对面问卷调查。调查对象采用多阶段整群抽样方法获得。结果65．1％的妇女社会性别平等的认识情况较差或一般,593％的妇女认为“丈夫的健康比妻子更重要”,39.7％的妇女同意“男人比女人更适合做领导”。46．2％的家庭是夫妻共同当家,16．2％是妇女自己当家。67.1％的妇女在平时花钱买东西时需要征得丈夫同意。当夫妻间意见不一致时,20．5％的妇女回答总是按照丈夫的意见来办理,17．4％的妇女大多数情况下按照自己的意见来处理。总的来讲,64．1％的调查对象家庭决策权较小或属于中等水平。91.0％的妇女存孕期做过产前检查;在做过产前检查的妇女中,65．3％的妇女在孕早期进行了第一次产前检查,39．7％的妇女接受了5次及以上产前检查。妇女住院分娩率是59．3％。妇女对社会性别平等的认识情况、对妇女的产前检查服务利用情况没有明显作用,但影响妇女的住院分娩。文化程度是影响妇女孕产期保健服务利用的重要因素,对产前检查服务的利用和住院分娩都有显著作用。结论应提高农村妇女的社会性别平等意识和家庭地位,改善孕产期保健服务利用情况。     

Associations of depression and anxiety with gender, age, health-related quality of life and symptoms in primary care COPD patients

BACKGROUND: Under-diagnosis of anxiety and depression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients may have a negative impact on patient quality of life and result in disparity between prevalence and the recognition and treatment of these symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To reveal associations of depression and anxiety with demographic, health-related quality of life and clinical characteristics of COPD patients seen in UK primary care. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based postal survey of COPD patients comprising the EQ-5D visual analogue scale (EQ-5D(VAS)), the COPD symptom control questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Medical Research Council dyspnea index. Demographic and spirometric data were collected from general practice records. RESULTS: A total of 170 (57%) patients consented to take part. Data are reported on 110 of these patients for whom up-to-date spirometry was available. Approximately one in five participants reported 'caseness' for depression (20.8%) and one in three reported anxiety (32.7%). Age and high levels of symptoms were independent predictors of anxiety and depression, as was the EQ-5D(VAS) of depression. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that in UK primary care, depressive and anxious symptoms in COPD are related to age and high levels of symptoms. Depression is also associated with lower patient-reported generic health status. The data suggest that assessment and treatment for depression and anxiety should be considered for all COPD patients, not just those with more severe clinical levels of disease. The potential of the EQ-5D(VAS) as a screening tool for anxiety and depression in primary care COPD patients also merits study.     

焦虑在家庭亲密度与发育迟缓儿童自我意识关系间的中介效应分析

目的 调查发育迟缓儿童的自我意识水平,并探讨焦虑在家庭亲密度与自我意识的中介作用。方法 采取便利抽样法,于2019年7月—2021年4月抽取辽宁省某医院儿科门诊就诊和复查的200例发育迟缓儿童作为研究对象。采用一般资料调查问卷、家庭亲密度与适应性量表(FACES-Ⅱ)、儿童焦虑量表与儿童自我意识量表进行调查。结果 200例发育迟缓儿童的自我意识总分为45.87±4.15,FACES-Ⅱ得分与自我意识总分呈负相关 (r＝-0.607,P＜0.01);FACES-Ⅱ得分与儿童焦虑呈正相关(r=0.416,P＜0.001);儿童焦虑与自我意识呈负相关(r＝-0.367,P＜0.01)。中介效应检验结果显示,儿童焦虑在家庭亲密度对自我意识之间存在显著的部分中介效应,95%CI为(-0.257,-0.043)。中介效应值为-0.077,占总效应的9.50%。 结论 发育迟缓儿童自我意识较低,要重点关注对儿童焦虑情绪的疏导,营造良好的家庭氛围和融洽的亲子关系,提高发育迟缓儿童心理健康与自我意识水平。     

家庭亲密度和适应性与农村居民自杀关系

目的 了解家庭亲密度和适应性与农村自杀的关系,为制定自杀干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计一般情况调查表以及家庭亲密度和适应性量表中文版(FACESⅡ-CV),对2008年9月1日-2009年8月31日在山东省邹城、莒南和高唐3县25个乡镇收集的200例自杀死亡者以及按1:1配比原则抽取的200名非自杀对照组人群的信息人进行面访调查。结果 自杀组家庭亲密度和家庭适应性得分分别为(74.83±13.14)和(57.46±9.59)分,均高于对照组的(65.82±14.64)和(50.72±14.17)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);自杀组平衡型、中间型和极端型3种家庭类型分别占13.5%2、6.0%和60.5%,对照组3种家庭类型分别占27.5%2、3.5%和49.0%2,组家庭类型间差异有统计学意义(χ²=12.299,P<0.01);多因素条件Logistic回归分析结果表明,非在婚、精神疾病、经历过负性生活事件和极端型家庭类型是农村居民自杀发生的危险因素;党/团员和家庭年均收入较高是农村自杀发生的保护因素。结论 农村自杀死亡者的家庭亲密度和适应性存在缺陷;极端型家庭更易发生自杀行为。     

Couples' gender role preferences and management of family food preferences

OBJECTIVE: To learn how couples stratified by gender role preference (GRP) manage food preferences. DESIGN: One-time individual semistructured qualitative interview with each partner in a couple representing 1 of 3 GRP pairings. Settings/PARTICIPANTS: Volunteers were recruited using advertising and snowball sampling and met the criteria of both parents living at home, wife no older than 40 years, and at least one child under age 6 years and, if present, all others under age 18 years. Both partners in volunteer couples completed a 31-item GRP scale, and the scores of each partner were categorized as traditional (lowest 25% of possible scores), transitional (middle 50%), or egalitarian (top 25%). No traditional couples volunteered. A purposeful sample of 10 transitional and 10 egalitarian wives representing 20 couples was interviewed. Variables Measured: Each partner was asked how food preference patterns were established and how family member food preferences affect foods served at evening meals now. ANALYSIS: Thematic content analysis, constant comparison, and consensus produced the final thematic analysis. RESULTS: Transitional wives married to transitional husbands established a pattern of deference to the husband's preferences that could make alteration of food choices difficult. Egalitarian wives married to egalitarian husbands established a fairer pattern of balancing partner's food preferences. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Nutrition education for transitional and egalitarian couples should use different approaches.     

胃癌患者焦虑/抑郁及其与生命意义关系的研究

目的 调查胃癌患者焦虑/抑郁水平,探讨其与生命意义（meaning of life,MOL）之间的关系。方法 采用病例对照的研究方法,对165例25~83岁于三级甲等医院肿瘤科住院的胃癌患者和同期165例门诊确诊为浅表性胃炎患者,用心理弹性量表、MOL量表、医院焦虑抑郁量表、一般资料调查表进行调查。结果 胃癌患者焦虑/抑郁水平较高,MOL水平较低;MOL和胃癌患者焦虑/抑郁呈负相关（r=-0.291,P<0.001）;MOL在心理弹性和胃癌患者焦虑/抑郁之间起中介作用。结论 MOL的重构可以增强患者心理弹性,对胃癌患者焦虑、抑郁情绪有预测作用。这一发现有助于为胃癌患者焦虑、抑郁的预防及临床研究提供新的思路及参考依据。     

农村妇女性别意识、家庭事务决策权与孕产期保健

目的了解农村已婚妇女社会性别意识的认知程度、家庭事务决策状况及其对孕产期保健服务利用的影响。方法在新疆维吾尔族自治区和安徽省项目县中,采用整群随机抽样方法获得调查对象,由调查员对其进行面对面问卷调查。结果65.7%的农村已婚妇女社会性别意识得分≤19分,对社会性别意识的认知程度不高;79.3%家庭事务决策权得分≤18分,女性在家庭中处于从属地位;55.7%在孕期进行产前检查,在做过产前检查的妇女中,34.3%接受过≥5次的产前检查;64.0%在孕早期进行第1次产前检查;调查对象的住院分娩率为55.1%;对社会性别意识的认识、对家庭事务的决策程度及其文化程度是影响妇女孕产期保健服务利用的主要因素。结论新疆、安徽省项目地区农村已婚妇女社会性别意识较弱,家庭事务决策权较低下,孕产期保健服务利用不高。     

护理干预对成人癫痫患者生活质量及焦虑抑郁状况的影响

目的探讨护理干预对成人癫痫患者生活质量及焦虑抑郁状况的影响。方法回顾性分析本院2011年8月-2013年5月收治的86例癫痫患者的临床资料,所有患者均给予护理干预,比较干预前、干预1个月、干预3个月时患者的焦虑、抑郁的发生率及生活质量评分。结果护理干预3个月后86例患者的焦虑、抑郁的发生率均明显降低与干预前比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。干预前、干预1个月、干预3个月时患者的QOLIE-31评分差异有统计学意义（F=23．598,P〈0．05）。结论护理干预可降低癫痫患者焦虑、抑郁的发生率,提高患者的生活质量。     

家庭亲密度和适应性、父母自我分化与儿童品行问题的关系研究

目的验证儿童品行问题与家庭亲密度和适应性及父母自我分化的关系,为儿童品行问题预防和矫治提供建议。方法采用康奈尔儿童行为量表中的品行障碍分量表、成人自我分化量表、家庭亲密度与适应性量表对382名小学生的父母进行调查。结果儿童品行问题在四种家庭亲密度类型上差异有高度统计学意义(F=8.190,P0.01),在适应性类型上差异也有统计学意义(F=5.920,P0.01)。父母自我分化水平各维度对儿童品行具有一定的负向预测作用(adjR2=0.284,F=38.801,P0.01)。结论父母自我分化和家庭亲密度适应性影响儿童品行问题的形成,在干预儿童品行问题时要予以考虑。     

Assessing the symptoms,anxiety and practical needs of HIV/AIDS patients receiving palliative care

We report the work of two community teams who care for people with AIDS/HIV related illness, the characteristics of patients referred, and the impact of the teams on four aspects of quality of life. Data was collected on 140 patients (85 St. Mary's Home Support Team, 55 Bloomsbury Community Care Team) who were referred to and remained in the care of these teams until death. All patients were male, mean age 37.9 years, 116 were homosexual. Most referrals were from genito-urinary medicine clinics (48%) or AIDS wards (41%). There was a wide range of reasons for referral. At referral 62% were in hospital and 35% at home. Mean time in care was 31 weeks 5 days. Fifty-seven per cent died in hospital, 22% at home and 21% in a hospice. The Support Team Assessment Schedule (STAS), consisting of 17 items of care, was used by the teams to measure aspects of quality of life. Throughout care until death four STAS items: pain control, symptom control, patient anxiety and practical aid are reported in detail. Symptom control was a commonly severe problem at referral and although the teams had some success in improving this item it remained a serious problem throughout care. Patient anxiety, also a commonly severe problem at referral, improved significantly throughout care. Pain control was less commonly severe at referral and improved significantly throughout care. Practical aid, in contrast, was rarely a severe problem at any stage of care.     

焦虑症状在孕妇社会支持与抑郁症状的关系中的中介作用

目的 本研究旨在探究孕妇的焦虑症状是否在社会支持与抑郁症状间发挥中介作用。方法 采用基本情况调查表、患者健康问卷(PHQ - 9)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD - 7)及社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对1 767名孕妇进行问卷调查,对数据进行描述性分析、偏相关分析以及中介效应检验。结果 偏相关分析结果显示,孕妇社会支持及其各维度与抑郁症状呈负相关(r = - 0.077~ - 0.222,P＜0.001),社会支持及其各维度与焦虑症状呈负相关(r = - 0.183~ - 0.298,P＜0.001),焦虑症状与抑郁症状呈正相关(r = 0.581,P＜0.01)。中介效应分析结果显示,焦虑症状在社会支持、主观支持维度、支持利用维度与抑郁症状之间起部分中介作用,中介效应分别占总效应的71.43%、74.07%、65.02%;在客观支持维度与抑郁症状间起完全中介作用,中介效应占总效应的76.88%。结论 社会支持及其各维度可通过焦虑症状对孕妇抑郁症状产生一定的影响。提高孕妇社会支持水平,将有助于减轻焦虑症状,进而避免抑郁症状的发生。     

Gender and age differences in domain-specific life satisfaction and the impact of depressive and anxiety symptoms: a general population survey from Germany

Purpose  Determine age and gender differences and interaction effects in domain-specific life satisfaction in the German population and examine to which degree depressive and anxiety symptoms are associated with life satisfaction in addition to sociodemographic variables, and which domains are affected. Methods  Representative survey of the German population conducted 2006 with 5,036 participants (53.6% female). Mean age was 48.4 years (SD = 18.0). Measurements included domain-specific life satisfaction (FLZ^M), anxiety (GAD-7), depressive symptoms (PHQ-2), and sociodemographic variables (e.g., marital status, income, employment, education, urbanity, part of Germany, religiousness, age and gender). Results  Women were more satisfied with their family life, men showed greater satisfaction with their leisure activities. Age-group differences appeared in every life satisfaction domain. Age by gender interaction emerged in the field of satisfaction with health, income, and family life. Anxiety and depressive symptoms contributed significantly to the explained variance of domain-specific life satisfaction. Conclusions  Depressive and anxiety symptoms as two psychological variables have an additional impact on domain-specific life satisfaction. Further investigation is needed regarding the impact of psychological variables on domain-specific life satisfaction.     

Air pollution and symptoms of depression in elderly adults

Background: Although the effect of air pollution on various diseases has been extensively investigated, few studies have examined its effect on depression.Objectives: We investigated the effect of air pollution on symptoms of depression in an elderly population.Methods: We enrolled 537 participants in the study who regularly visited a community center for the elderly located in Seoul, Korea. The Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K) was used to evaluate depressive symptomatology during a 3-year follow-up study. We associated ambient air pollutants with SGDS-K results using generalized estimating equations (GEE). We also conducted a factor analysis with items on the SGDS-K to determine which symptoms were associated with air pollution.Results: SGDS-K scores were positively associated with interquartile range (IQR) increases in the 3-day moving average concentration of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM₁₀) [17.0% increase in SGDS-K score, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.9%, 30.5%], the 0–7 day moving average of nitrogen dioxide [NO₂; 32.8% (95% CI: 12.6%, 56.6%)], and the 3-day moving average of ozone [O₃; 43.7% (95% CI: 11.5%, 85.2%)]. For these three pollutants, factor analysis showed that air pollution was more strongly associated with emotional symptoms such as feeling happy and satisfied than with somatic or affective symptoms.Conclusions: Our study suggests that increases in PM₁₀, NO₂, and O₃ may increase depressive symptoms among the elderly. Of the symptoms evaluated, ambient air pollution was most strongly associated with emotional symptoms.     

孤独感对养老机构老年人生活质量的影响:抑郁与衰弱的链式中介作用

目的 探究抑郁与衰弱在孤独感与养老机构老年人生活质量之间的中介作用。方法 使用老年抑郁量表、Tilburg衰弱量表、孤独感量表及SF-12简明健康调査量表对183名养老机构老年人进行测查,采用偏差校正的百分位 Bootstrap 法（Process 插件）进行链式中介检验。结果 孤独感与抑郁、衰弱呈正相关（r¹=0.71,r²=0.60,P＜0.01）,与生活质量呈负相关(r=-0.61,P＜0.01);回归模型显示,孤独感对养老机构老年人生活质量的直接效应有统计学意义（β=-0.14,P<0.05）,抑郁、衰弱在孤独感与生活质量之间的中介作用均有统计学意义（β¹=-0.11,β²=-0.16,P<0.05),且抑郁-衰弱的链式中介作用也有统计学意义（β=-0.19,P<0.05）。结论 孤独感既可直接预测老人的生活质量,又可分别通过抑郁、衰弱的中介作用,以及抑郁-衰弱的链式中介作用间接预测生活质量。