部分性脾动脉栓塞治疗脾亢的并发症

部分性脾动脉栓塞治疗脾功能亢进伴脾肿大已广泛应用于临床,在一定程度上已成为脾全切的替代疗法,但并发症常见。本文回顾性分析37例接受部分性脾动脉栓塞术的患者术后出现的并发症,旨在提高临床应用的安全性。     

Successful embolization of a delayed splenic rupture following trauma in a child

Delayed rupture of the spleen following trauma is an exceedingly rare phenomenon in children. In the case we have experienced, arterial embolization was successfully performed, surgery was avoided, and functional splenic tissue was preserved. Embolization is of value in the management of blunt splenic injuries in hemodynamically stable children, even after delayed rupture. The exact criteria for its use remain to be established.     

Comparison between level 1 and level 2 trauma centers for the management of splenic blunt trauma

IntroductionThe management of blunt splenic trauma has evolved in the last years, from mainly operative approach to the non-operative management (NOM). The aim of this study is to investigate whether trauma center (TC) designation (level 1 and level 2) affects blunt splenic trauma management.MethodsA retrospective analysis of blunt trauma patients with splenic injury admitted to 2 Italian TCs, Niguarda (level 1) and San Carlo Borromeo (level 2), was performed, receiving either NOM or emergency surgical treatment, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2020. Univariate comparison was performed between the two centers, and multivariate analysis was carried out to find predictive factors associated with NOM and splenectomy.Results181 patients were included in the study, 134 from level 1 and 47 from level 2 TCs. The splenectomy/emergency laparotomy ratio was inferior at level 1 TC for high-grade splenic injuries (30.8% for level 1 and 100% for level 2), whose patients presented higher incidence of other injuries. Splenic NOM failure was registered in only one case (3.3%). At multivariate analysis, systolic pressure, spleen organ injury scale (OIS) and injury severity score (ISS) resulted significant predictive factors for NOM, and only spleen OIS was predictive factor for splenectomy (Odds Ratio 0.14, 0.04–0.49 CI 95%, P < .01).ConclusionBoth level 1 and 2 trauma centers demonstrated application of NOM with a high rate of success with some management difference in the treatment and outcome of patients with splenic injuries between the two types of TCs.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy following embolization for blunt trauma.

BACKGROUND: Grade III through V splenic injuries as defined by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grading scale are associated with hemorrhage and nonoperative failure. Embolization has been reported to reduce splenic bleeding in 50% to 75% of patients with a high-grade injury. However, splenectomy following embolization may be necessary in patients who continue to bleed or develop splenic infarction with abscess formation. METHODS: We present the case of a 15-year-old female who demonstrated a Grade V splenic laceration with moderate hemoperitoneum following an all terrain vehicle crash. Central splenic artery embolization was performed. Because of signs of continued bleeding, laparoscopic splenectomy was performed. RESULTS: The patient had a satisfactory postoperative result and returned to normal activity in 2 weeks. CONCLUSION: Our experience suggests that in cases of high-grade splenic injury or angiographic extravasation associated with moderate to large hemoperitoneum, embolization may serve as a bridge to operative therapy and make laparoscopy a safe, less-invasive option for splenectomy.     

部分性脾栓塞术后栓塞百分率的计算方法探讨

目的寻找一种客观准确地计算脾脏栓塞百分率的方法。方法分别用部分容积分析(PVA)法、临界值法计算40名患者的各层残脾组织百分率和总的栓塞百分率,并对结果进行比较。结果PVA法和临界值法计算出的各层残脾组织百分率在脾脏的两端差异有显著意义(P<0.01);在脾脏中间大部分层面,两者的计算结果无显著性差异(P>0.05);40例患者全脾脏栓塞百分率差异也无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论两种方法均能较准确地计算出脾脏栓塞百分率,临界值法的稳定性更好。     

选择性肝动脉栓塞治疗在闭合性肝损伤中的临床研究

目的:探讨选择性肝动脉栓塞治疗创伤性闭合性肝脏破裂出血的临床价值.方法:回顾性分析2009年8月-2012年2月收治的61例闭合性肝脏破裂出血患者的临床资料,其中单纯的药物治疗30例(药物组),药物加介入栓塞治疗31例(介入组),比较两组中转手术率、人均输红细胞量、平均住院时间、并发症发生率.结果:入院时,两组患者性别、年龄及肝脏损伤程度差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).与药物组比较,介入组中转手术率(12.9％ vs.30％),人均输红细胞量[(4.2±0.88) U vs.(6.6±1.47)U],平均住院时间[(7.2±5.2)d vs.(22.6±4.9)d]均明显减少(均P＜0.05),但两组并发症发生率(19.4％vs.23.3％)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:选择性肝动脉栓塞治疗创伤性闭合性肝脏破裂具有临床疗效稳定,创伤小,恢复快等优势,是一种较安全,有效的治疗措施.     

自体脾腹膜后移植在创伤性脾破裂中的临床应用

目的探讨自体脾组织移植在治疗创伤性脾破裂的应用.方法对本组于2000年1月至2005年4月22例脾破裂行全脾切除后,再行自体脾组织腹膜后移植术.通过检测外周血IgM、IgA、IgG水平和B超,CT、99mTc扫描来观察移植脾片成活和吞噬功能恢复情况.结果术后随访均显示移植脾存活良好,脾功能满意.结论自体脾组织移植可作为严重脾外伤全脾切除术后保留脾功能的一个重要有效手段.     

外伤性脾破裂后部分性脾栓塞术术前 和术后不同时期的CT表现

目的分析CT诊断外伤性脾破裂的价值及行部分性脾栓塞术（PSE）后不同时期脾脏的CT表现特点。方法收集30例CT诊断为外伤性脾破裂且接受PSE术的患者资料,并于术后第7天（28例）、第14天（25例）、第30天（30例）、第60天（26例）、第90天（22例）行CT复查。结果术前CT显示：完全性脾破裂15例次,包膜下血肿12例次,脾内血肿10例次,脾单一撕裂伤2例,脾挫伤1例。术后CT随访显示：术后第7天脾脏体积增大,栓塞区密度减低,与被栓塞动脉的供血范围一致;术后14天栓塞区密度进一步减低,与周围正常脾实质分界清晰;术后30天脾脏体积缩小,外形欠规则,可呈波浪状;术后60～90天脾脏进一步缩小,轮廓呈分叶状,脾实质密度趋于均一。结论CT能明确诊断脾外伤（包括分型及分级）,可同时发现扫描范围的合并伤,可以作为脾破裂PSE术后的疗效监测手段。     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for blunt trauma: a safe operation following embolization

Background  Embolization of the injured spleen from blunt trauma reduces the risk of continued or delayed hemorrhage in patients being treated with nonoperative management (NOM). Splenectomy is required in some patients following embolization due to continued bleeding or infarction with abscess formation. Laparoscopic splenectomy for blunt trauma can be done safely in patients following embolization. Methods  A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients undergoing splenectomy following embolization due to blunt trauma at two level I trauma centers. Minimally invasive techniques were compared to laparotomy for operative time, operative blood loss, and postoperative length of stay. Results  Eleven of 46 patients required splenectomy following embolization, eight for continued bleeding and three for abscess formation. Four of these patients had their spleens removed laparoscopically, three for continued bleeding and one for abscess formation. Patients undergoing laparoscopic splenectomy for continued bleeding had slightly longer operative times, more blood loss but shorter postoperative stay than those undergoing laparotomy. (96 versus 76 min, 500 versus 300 cc, and 4.0 versus 7.0 days, respectively). Laparoscopic removal of the abscessed spleen took 270 min compared to 55 and 90 min for the open procedures but the postoperative hospital stay was only 6 days compared to 10 and 13 days. There were no serious complications in any patients. Conclusion  Laparoscopic removal of the spleen following embolization for blunt trauma is safe and should be considered in patients that have persistent bleeding or are at risk for delayed bleeding, as well as patients in whom complications of infarction and abscess formation develop.     

部分脾栓塞术后门静脉系统血栓形成

目的 探讨部分脾栓塞术(partial splenic embolization,PSE)后门静脉血栓形成(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)的治疗方法和转归.方法 2006-2010年中山大学第三医院放射科对105例肝硬化患者(因脾功能亢进)行PSE治疗,其中60例在术后1～3个月行上腹部增强CT或MRI检查,发现PVT10例.10例中4例接受早期抗凝治疗,6例未行抗凝治疗.并对10例患者的临床转归情况做回顾性分析.结果 抗凝治疗患者中,血栓溶解或大部分溶解3例,血栓无明显变化伴少量腹水1例;未行抗凝治疗6例,血栓部分钙化1例,血栓范围增大5例.在PVT的5例患者中,2例在随访期间因食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血接受经颈静脉肝内门-体分流术;2例发展为门静脉海绵样变、食管胃静脉曲张加重,伴有腹水;1例食管胃静脉曲张加重,随访期间出现黑便.结论 PVT是PSE术后严重并发症,早期发现并及时抗凝治疗可减少PVT引起的并发症.     

Evolution, not revolution: splenic salvage for blunt trauma in a statewide voluntary trauma system--a 10-year experience

BACKGROUND: State-legislated trauma systems have been enacted in an attempt to improve trauma care. Blunt splenic injury incidence without a legislated trauma system was examined for changes in care with a hypothesis that a voluntary system may perform equally with a legislated system. METHODS: Data from a statewide discharge database for the years 1993 to 2002 were examined. RESULTS: There were 276,425 trauma admissions overall, with blunt splenic injury occurring in 1.76%. Average Injury Severity Score (ISS) increased in trauma centers and decreased in the community. Trauma centers (TC) had more multisystem injuries. Splenic injury diagnosis increased 44% in TC between the early and late periods but only 7% in community facilities. Splenectomies increased 16% in TC but declined 16% in community hospital. Splenic salvage rate improved at both types of facilities. CONCLUSIONS: Splenic salvage rates improved over time in hospitals with no formal trauma system. Community hospitals cared for more than 50% of splenic injuries but transferred complex multisystem injuries, including splenic injuries, suggesting evolving care. Non-invasive imaging has increased the recognition of splenic injuries in both community hospitals and TC. Splenectomies are performed less, but have increased in TC with increasing ISS scores.     

Infarction of extralobar pulmonary sequestration after blunt trauma

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital lung malformation that occurs in either an intralobar or extralobar location and is generally asymptomatic. We report an unusual case of a child who presented with infarction of a previously asymptomatic extralobar pulmonary sequestration after blunt trauma, eventually requiring surgical excision.     

子宫动脉栓塞联合清宫术治疗子宫切口瘢痕妊娠并发症分析

目的观察子宫动脉栓塞(UAE)联合清宫术治疗子宫切口瘢痕妊娠(CSP)的术后并发症。方法收集确诊为CSP的患者106例,于UAE后24~48h行超声引导下清宫术,观察术后并发症。结果对106例患者均成功完成治疗。介入治疗及清宫术后106例均出现下腹部疼痛,发热23例、恶心及呕吐84例,感染4例;清宫术后第3天复查盆腔超声提示宫腔内残留32例。结论对于UAE联合清宫术治疗CSP术后并发症应积极处理,避免产生不良后果。     

Portal vein air embolization after blunt abdominal trauma

Gas in the portal veins is a rare, and usually fatal, condition. This case report describes a patient with air embolization of the portal veins secondary to blunt trauma. The condition was clinically benign and resolved spontaneously. Computed tomography documented the findings.     

钝性脾损伤非手术治疗探讨

目的 探讨钝性脾损伤非手术治疗的监测和治疗方法.方法 回顾分析2005年9月至2008年4月连续收治的95例钝性脾损伤患者中行非手术治疗的82例(86.3%)患者的临床资料.其中75例应用经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流、监测腹腔出血,38例行非术中自体血回输.全部病例随访3周～8个月.结果 82例非手术治疗全部成功,其中Ⅲ～Ⅳ级钝性脾损伤34例、55岁以上者6例、损伤严重度评分≥16分者14例.37例腹腔出血量500 ml,引流腹腔血量30～2400 ml.38例回输自体血量共23 300 ml,平均613 ml.随访除脾介入术后并发脾假性囊肿1例外,无延迟出血、腹腔感染等并发症发生.结论 大多数血流动力学稳定的钝性脾损伤可通过非手术治疗治愈.运用经皮腹腔穿刺置管引流回收并监测腹腔出血及非术中自体血回输技术,可明显提高钝性脾损伤的非手术治疗率和成功率.     

Non-operative management of adult blunt splenic injuries

Objective:To investigate the indication of non-operative management of adult blunt splenic injuries. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all adult patients ( age > 15 years) with blunt splenic injuries admitted to the department of vascular surgery of Pellegrin hospital in France from 1999 to 2003. We managed splenic injuries non-operatively in all appropriate patients without regard to age. Results: During the 4 years, 54 consecutive adult patients with blunt splenic injuries were treated in the hospital. A total of 27 patients with stable hemodynamic status were treated non-operatively at first, of which 2 patients were failed to non-operative treatment. The successful percentage of non-operative management was 92.6%. In the 54 patients, 7 of 8 patients older than 55 years were treated with non-operative management. Two cases developing postoperatively subphrenic infection were healed by proper treatment. In the series, there was no death. Conclusions: Non-operative management of low-grade splenic injuries can be accomplished with an acceptable low-failure rate. If the clinical and laboratory parameters difficult for surgeons to make decisions, they can depend on Resciniti' s CT ( computed tomography) scoring system to select a subset of adults with splenic trauma who are excellent candidates for a trial of nonoperative management. The patients older than 55 years are not absolutely inhibited to receive non-operative management.     

Isolated jejunal injuries arising from blunt abdominal trauma

Examples of isolated jejunal injuries due to blunt abdominal trauma are presented. The mechanisms of injury and management are discussed, together with a brief review of the literature.