Id2 通过非 HLH 结构域促进 MCF-7 细胞的侵袭性

目的：观察Id2基因转染乳腺癌细胞MCF-7后对细胞生长、侵袭能力的变化，探讨Id2基因缺失HLH结构域后对细胞的影响。方法：以携带Id2-DBM和Id2-DBM-8HLH基因的质粒（pCDNA3．1-Id2-DBM和pCDNA3．1-Id2-DBM-8HLH）经脂质体介导转染MCF-7细胞。RT—PCR法检测转染后Id2、Id2-DBM和Id2-DBM-6HLHmRNA表达水平；MTT法检测MCF-7细胞增殖曲线；划痕实验、transwell小室检测细胞的迁移能力；Western Blot分析Id2对MCF-7细胞E—cad表达的影响。结果：mRNA水平显示质粒均成功转入；细胞生长曲线显示增殖无显著差异；与空载组比较，转染pCDNA3．1-Id2-DBM和pCD．NA3．1-Id2-DBM-8HLH后侵袭能力增强，且E—cad表达降低。结论：Id2蛋白的过表达可以促进乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的侵袭能力，与E—cad的降低有关，且该作用在缺失HLH结构域后仍然存在。     

Id2通过非HLH结构域促进MCF-7细胞的侵袭性

目的：观察Id2基因转染乳腺癌细胞MCF-7后对细胞生长、侵袭能力的变化，探讨Id2基因缺失HLH结构域后对细胞的影响。方法：以携带Id2-DBM和Id2-DBM-8HLH基因的质粒（pCDNA3．1-Id2-DBM和pCDNA3．1-Id2-DBM-8HLH）经脂质体介导转染MCF-7细胞。RT—PCR法检测转染后Id2、Id2-DBM和Id2-DBM-6HLHmRNA表达水平；MTT法检测MCF-7细胞增殖曲线；划痕实验、transwell小室检测细胞的迁移能力；Western Blot分析Id2对MCF-7细胞E—cad表达的影响。结果：mRNA水平显示质粒均成功转入；细胞生长曲线显示增殖无显著差异；与空载组比较，转染pCDNA3．1-Id2-DBM和pCD．NA3．1-Id2-DBM-8HLH后侵袭能力增强，且E—cad表达降低。结论：Id2蛋白的过表达可以促进乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的侵袭能力，与E—cad的降低有关，且该作用在缺失HLH结构域后仍然存在。     

Targeting of mTORC2 prevents cell migration and promotes apoptosis in breast cancer

Most of breast cancers are resistant to mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitors rapamycin and rapalogs. Recent studies indicate mTORC2 is emerging as a promising cancer therapeutic target. In this study, we compared the inhibitory effects of targeting mTORC1 with mTORC2 on a variety of breast cancer cell lines and xenograft. We demonstrated that inhibition of mTORC1/2 by mTOR kinase inhibitors PP242 and OSI-027 effectively suppress phosphorylation of Akt (S473) and breast cancer cell proliferation. Targeting of mTORC2 either by kinase inhibitors or rictor knockdown, but not inhibition of mTORC1 either by rapamycin or raptor knockdown promotes serum starvation- or cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, targeting of mTORC2 but not mTORC1 efficiently prevent breast cancer cell migration. Most importantly, in vivo administration of PP242 but not rapamycin as single agent effectively prevents breast tumor growth and induces apoptosis in xenograft. Our data suggest that agents that inhibit mTORC2 may have advantages over selective mTORC1 inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancers. Given that mTOR kinase inhibitors are in clinical trials, this study provides a strong rationale for testing the use of mTOR kinase inhibitors or combination of mTOR kinase inhibitors and cisplatin in the clinic.     

Protein arginine methyltransferase 7 promotes breast cancer cell invasion through the induction of MMP9 expression

Recent evidence points to the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) family of enzymes playing critical roles in cancer. PRMT7 has been identified in several gene expression studies to be associated with increased metastasis and decreased survival in breast cancer patients. However, this has not been extensively studied. Here we report that PRMT7 expression is significantly upregulated in both primary breast tumour tissues and in breast cancer lymph node metastases. We have demonstrated that reducing PRMT7 levels in invasive breast cancer cells using RNA interference significantly decreased cell invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo. Conversely, overexpression of PRMT7 in non-aggressive MCF7 cells enhanced their invasiveness. Furthermore, we show that PRMT7 induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), a well-known mediator of breast cancer metastasis. Importantly, we significantly rescued invasion of aggressive breast cancer cells depleted of PRMT7 by the exogenous expression of MMP9. Our results demonstrate that upregulation of PRMT7 in breast cancer may have a significant role in promoting cell invasion through the regulation of MMP9. This identifies PRMT7 as a novel and potentially significant biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.     

环加氧酶-2 通过调控EMT促进乳腺癌MDA-MB-231 细胞的迁移和侵袭

[摘要] 目的：探讨环加氧酶-2（COX-2）在乳腺癌转移中的作用及其可能的机制。方法：收集从2015 年10 月至2018 年4 月在云南省肿瘤医院接受乳腺切除术的患者中获得的原发乳腺癌组织和脑转移乳腺癌组织临床病理样本共45 例,其中原发30 例、脑转移15 例。采用qPCR检测COX-2 在原位乳腺癌和脑转移乳腺癌组织中的表达。将COX-2 过表达重组病毒（LV6-COX2）或敲减COX-2 重组病毒（LV3-COX2 shRNA1、LV3-COX2 shRNA2）感染人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231 细胞并获得稳转细胞株后,CCK-8法检测COX-2 表达对MDA-MB-231 细胞增殖的影响,划痕实验和Transwell 法检测对MDA-MB-231 细胞迁移和侵袭的影响。qPCR和WB实验分析各组细胞中COX-2 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平,qPCR检测COX-2 表达对MDA-MB-231 细胞内EMT相关基因表达的影响。结果：COX-2 表达水平在脑转移乳腺癌患者组织中显著高于原位乳腺癌组织（P<0.01）;并且与乳腺癌患者肿瘤TMN分期有关。成功构建稳定过表达/敲减COX-2 的MDA-MB-231 细胞株。过表达COX-2 促进MDA-MB-231 细胞的迁移和侵袭（均P<0.01）,同时显著提高MMP2、MMP1、N-cadherin 和vimentin 的表达（均P<0.01）,但对细胞增殖无明显影响;而沉默COX-2 则有相反的作用,且可促进细胞增殖（P<0.05）。结论：COX-2 在脑转移乳腺癌组织中高表达,其可能通过调控EMT过程促进乳腺癌MDA-MB-231 细胞的迁移和侵袭。     

AQP1通过Wnt通路促进乳腺癌MCF-7细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭

目的:探讨过表达水通道蛋白1（aquaporin 1,AQP1）基因对人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖、迁移、侵袭能力的影响,分析其对Wnt通路的调控作用。方法:构建和包装pBabe-puro-AQP1逆转录病毒载体,建立稳定过表达AQP1基因的MCF-7细胞。细胞免疫荧光染色法检测外源性AQP1在MCF-7细胞内的定位,实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）和Western blot检测AQP1 mRNA及蛋白表达变化;采用CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖活性;流式细胞法检测细胞周期;划痕实验检测细胞迁移能力;Transwell法检测细胞的侵袭能力;基因表达谱芯片、Western blot检测转染后Wnt细胞通路相关基因表达改变。结果:稳定过表达AQP1后MCF-7细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭能力显著增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。基因表达谱芯片结果显示,过表达AQP1后22个差异表达基因富集于Wnt细胞信号通路,mRNAs表达明显增强（P＜0.000 1）,Wnt细胞通路关键基因β-catenin及下游靶基因细胞周期蛋白D1(Cyclin D1)、C-Myc蛋白表达也显著增加。结论:AQP1可能通过激活Wnt信号通路促进MCF-7细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭。     

BlyS is up-regulated by hypoxia and promotes migration of human breast cancer cells

Background

The role of B Lymphocyte Stimulator (BLyS) in the survival of malignant B cells and the maintenance of normal B cell development and homeostasis has been intensively studied in the literature. However, the influence of BLyS on breast cancer progression remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on BLyS regulation, cell migratory response to BLyS and the possible molecular mechanisms.

Methods

In this study, we examined the role of BLyS in the migration of human breast cancer cells by transwell assay. We also explored whether BLyS and its receptors expressed in human breast cancer cell lines by immunofluorescence and Western Blotting. Then we detected the expression level of BLyS in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions by real time-PCR and Western Blotting. Pathways involved were confirmed by Western Blotting, immunofluorescence, transwell assay and luciferase assay.

Results

According to our study, the expression level of BlyS was increased in human breast cancer cell lines in hypoxic conditions. Up-regulation of this protein led to activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B p65. We also found that the number of migrated cells was increased in the presence of BLyS and inhibition of phosphorylation of Akt attenuated the enhanced migratory response.

Conclusions

It suggested that better understanding of BLyS, an immunopotentiator, may offer a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of human breast cancers. In addition, BLyS promoted breast cancer cells migration, underscoring the necessity of appropriate applications of immunopotentiators to cancer treatment.     

miR-211通过靶向下调SATB2表达促进非小细胞肺癌细胞的增殖、迁移与侵袭

目的:探讨miR-211及SATB2基因在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)组织和细胞中的表达情况,探究miR-211在NSCLC细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭过程中的作用及其相关机制.方法:双荧光素酶报告系统验证miR-211和SATB2的相互作用机制;qRT-PCR检测miR-2...     

LOXL2促进乳腺癌MCF-7细胞侵袭研究

目的:研究赖氨酰氧化酶样蛋白-2(lysyl oxidase like-2 protein,LOXL2)对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞侵袭转移的影响。方法:利用脂质体法将构建好的Flag-LOXL2质粒转染到乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中,应用Western blot检测转染效率,Transwell侵袭实验检测乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的体外侵袭力,并进一步使用Western blot检测LOXL2蛋白对金属蛋白酶MMP2/MMP9表达的影响。结果:在乳腺癌MCF-7细胞中瞬时转染FlagLOXL2,LOXL2蛋白表达明显增加,并促进MCF-7细胞的侵袭能力,上调金属蛋白酶MMP2和MMP9蛋白的表达。结论:LOXL2促进MCF-7细胞的侵袭能力,并影响金属蛋白酶MMP2以及MMP9的表达。     

Phospholipase PLA2G7, associated with aggressive prostate cancer, promotes prostate cancer cell migration and invasion and is inhibited by statins

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men in developed countries. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the disease, design of novel personalized treatments is required to achieve efficient therapeutic responses. We have recently identified phospholipase 2 group VII (PLA2G7) as a potential drug target especially in ERG oncogene positive prostate cancers. Here, the expression profile of PLA2G7 was studied in 1137 prostate cancer and 409 adjacent non-malignant prostate tissues using immunohistochemistry to validate its biomarker potential and putative association with disease progression. In order to reveal the molecular alterations induced by PLA2G7 impairment, lipidomic and gene expression profiling was performed in response to PLA2G7 silencing in cultured prostate cancer cells. Moreover, the antineoplastic effect of statins combined with PLA2G7 impairment was studied in prostate cancer cells to evaluate the potential of repositioning of in vivo compatible drugs developed for other indications towards anti-cancer purposes. The results indicated that PLA2G7 is a cancer-selective biomarker in 50 % of prostate cancers and associates with aggressive disease. The alterations induced by PLA2G7 silencing highlighted the potential of PLA2G7 inhibition as an anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and anti-migratorial therapeutic approach in prostate cancer. Moreover, the anti-proliferative effect of PLA2G7 silencing was potentiated by lipid-lowering statins in prostate cancer cells. Taken together, our results support the potential of PLA2G7 as a biomarker and a drug target in prostate cancer and present a rationale for combining PLA2G7 inhibition with the use of statins in prostate cancer management.     

Artesunate promotes G2/M cell cycle arrest in MCF7 breast cancer cells through ATM activation

Background

Recent studies have revealed that artesunate (ART) has clear anti-tumor activity, suggesting that it could be a good candidate chemotherapeutic agent. In this study, we researched the inhibitory effect of ART on MCF7 cells and explored the possible mechanisms.

Methods

MTT assay was used to detect the effect of ART on the proliferation of MCF7 cells. Crystal violet staining was used to observe morphological and quantitative changes. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle of the drug-acting MCF7 cells. In addition, western blotting was used to detect the drug influence on expression of the ATM, phospho-ATM(S1981), H2AX, γH2AX(S139), CHK2 and phospho-CHK2(T68), cdc25C, and phospho-cdc25C(S216).

Results

In the experimental groups, the proliferation of MCF7 cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner and the original cell morphology was lost. The number of G2/M phase cells in the experimental groups increased significantly, and the expression of DNA damage response-associated proteins was significantly increased, such as phospho-ATM(S1981), γH2AX(S139), phospho-CHK2(T68), and phospho-cdc25C(S216).

Conclusions

ART can inhibit cell proliferation and promote G2/M arrest in MCF7 cells through ATM activation and the ensuing “ATM-Chk2-Cdc25C” pathway, thus implicating ART as a novel candidate for breast cancer chemotherapy.

     

Lysyl oxidase‐like 2 promotes migration in noninvasive breast cancer cells but not in normal breast epithelial cells

A growing number of studies indicate the importance of the lysyl oxidase family in the promotion of epithelial neoplasms towards their more aggressive forms. However, the role of individual family members in carcinoma progression has yet to be ascertained. In this study, we analyzed LOXL2 expression in malignantly transformed MCF‐7 and normal MCF‐10A mammary epithelial cell line clones stably transduced with LOXL2 in vitro, and in normal and cancerous breast tissue samples in vivo. We found LOXL2 to be catalytically active in both MCF‐7 and MCF‐10 clones. LOXL2 overexpression promoted a more mesenchymal morphology in both cell types, but LOXL2‐induced increase in migratory ability could only be established in MCF‐7 clones. We demonstrated altered localization of the LOXL2 protein in breast cancer tissue compared to normal mammary tissue, and altered localization and processing of LOXL2 protein in breast cancer cell lines compared to normal cell lines, which may allow LOXL2 to interact with different intra and extracellular components during tumor progression. Results support the role of LOXL2 in selectively promoting a metastatic phenotype in breast tumor cells. Additional data suggest epigenetic molecular mechanisms in tumor specific regulation of LOXL2 expression that could be explored as a molecular target in the prevention of breast cancer progression. © 2009 UICC     

Upregulated hsa_circ_0000129 expression promotes proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are considered potential biomarkers in the pathogenesis and detection of several types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role of hsa_circ_0000129 in the pathogenesis and molecular mechanism underlying breast cancer. A total of 68 pairs of breast cancer and corresponding paracancerous tissue samples, three different breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and a normal human breast cell line (MCF-10A) were used to investigate the expression of hsa_circ_0000129. The effect of hsa_circ_0000129 on cell proliferation, migration and colony formation was assessed in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells, along with the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). The results demonstrated that hsa_circ_0000129 expression was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. In addition, high hsa_circ_0000129 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and a higher tumor-node-metastasis stage. Comparisons between the breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468) and MCF-10A cells indicated similar results. MCF-7 cells overexpressed with hsa_circ_0000129 significantly increased cell proliferation, migration and colony formation compared with the negative control group, the effects of which were reversed following hsa_circ_0000129 knockdown in MDA-MB-468 cells. Furthermore, EZH2 expression was positively associated with hsa_circ_0000129 expression. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that hsa_circ_0000129 may represent a promising prognostic biomarker for breast cancer. In addition, the role of hsa_circ_0000129 in breast cancer cell lines indicates a mechanism for tumorigenesis, as well as a potent target for the treatment of malignant progression.     

Notch activation stimulates migration of breast cancer cells and promotes tumor growth

Introduction

Dysregulated NOTCH receptor activity has been implicated in breast cancer but the mechanisms by which NOTCH contributes to transformation are not yet clear, as it has context-dependent effects on the properties of transformed cells.

Methods

We have used various in vitro and in vivo carcinogenic models to analyze the impact of Notch signaling in the onset and progression of breast tumors.

Results

We found that ectopic expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (N1ICD) in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cell line caused reduction and delocalization of E-CADHERIN levels and increased migratory and invasive abilities. Notch inhibition in the invasive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 resulted in increased E-CADHERIN expression and a parallel reduction in their invasive capacity. The growth of subcutaneous xenografts produced with MCF-7 cells was boosted after N1ICD induction, in a cell autonomous manner. In vivo Notch1 activation in the mammary gland using the MMTV-Cre driver caused the formation of papillary tumors that showed increased Hes1 and Hey1 expression and delocalized E-cadherin staining.

Conclusions

These results confirm NOTCH1 as a signal triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition in epithelial cancer cells, which may have implications in tumor dissemination, metastasis and proliferation in vivo. The identification of specific factors interacting with NOTCH signaling could thus be relevant to fully understanding the role of NOTCH in breast neoplasia.     

RhG-CSF对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖作用的影响

目的：探讨人重组粒细胞集落刺激因子（RhG-CSF）对乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7的增殖作用的影响。方法：体外培养人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7,将含不同浓度RhG-CSF的培养液与MCF-7细胞共同培养不同时间,采用MTT比色法计算细胞生长增殖率;Anexxin V/PI双染试剂盒检测细胞凋亡率。实验结果用SPSS.v16.0软件分析。结果：不同浓度RhG-CSF处理细胞后,可以显著促进MCF-7细胞株的增殖（P〈0.01）,且当浓度为10μg/L时增殖作用最强。同时各浓度的RhG-CSF亦可抑制MCF-7细胞凋亡（P〈0.01）。结论：RhG-CSF可以显著促进人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7增殖。当浓度小于10μg/L时,增殖呈浓度依赖性。大于10μg/L时,增殖能力反而逐渐下降。同时RhG-CSF亦可抑制MCF-7细胞凋亡。     

RhG-CSF对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖作用的影响

目的:探讨人重组粒细胞集落刺激因子(RhG-CSF)对乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7的增殖作用的影响。方法:体外培养人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7,将含不同浓度RhG-CSF的培养液与MCF-7细胞共同培养不同时间,采用MTT比色法计算细胞生长增殖率;Anexxin V/PI双染试剂盒检测细胞凋亡率。实验结果用SPSS.v16.0软件分析。结果:不同浓度RhG-CSF处理细胞后,可以显著促进MCF-7细胞株的增殖(P<0.01),且当浓度为10μg/L时增殖作用最强。同时各浓度的RhG-CSF亦可抑制MCF-7细胞凋亡(P<0.01)。结论:RhG-CSF可以显著促进人乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7增殖。当浓度小于10μg/L时,增殖呈浓度依赖性。大于10μg/L时,增殖能力反而逐渐下降。同时RhG-CSF亦可抑制MCF-7细胞凋亡。     

AEG-1基因促进乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7转移

目的 观察AEG-1基因在细胞水平对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7转移的影响。方法 通过将siRNA转染进MCF-7细胞,沉默细胞中AEG-1表达量,以转染阴性siRNA作为对照组。分别采用Transwell小室检测细胞迁移侵袭能力、CCK8实验检测细胞增殖能力。同时通过检测细胞中VEGF的变化及HUVEC细胞体外管腔形成实验考察AEG-1对于血管新生的影响。结果 沉默AEG-1,MCF-7细胞的迁移能力、侵袭能力和增殖能力明显受到抑制。沉默AEG-1,MCF-7细胞的VEGF表达明显降低。上清处理HUVEC细胞,沉默AEG-1组的血管新生能力明显受到抑制。结论 沉默AEG-1基因能显著抑制MCF-7细胞转移的多个层面,包括细胞迁移、侵袭、增殖以及血管新生。表明AEG-1基因在乳腺癌转移过程中起着重要作用,也为将来乳腺癌治疗开拓了新思路。