Turbinate surgery in pediatric patients: A worldwide survey

ObjectiveImpaired nasal breathing is a common condition among pediatric patients, being rhinitis the most common cause. In recent years, turbinate surgery, mainly turbinate radiofrequency ablation (TRA), has increased in popularity amongst pediatric otolaryngologists and rhinologists as a safe and useful technique to address turbinate hypertrophy in pediatric patients. The present paper is designed with the aim of assessing the current worldwide clinical practice regarding turbinate surgery in pediatric patients.MethodsThe questionnaire was developed based on previous researches, by a group of 12 experts from the rhinology and pediatric otolaryngology research group belonging to the Young Otolaryngologists of the International Federation of Otorhinolaryngological societies (YO-IFOS). The survey was then translated to 7 languages and sent to 25 scientific otolaryngologic societies around the globe.Results15 scientific societies agreed to distribute the survey to their members. There were 678 responses from 51 countries. From them, 65% reported to usually perform turbinate surgery in pediatric patients. There was a statistically significant increased likelihood of performing turbinate surgery for those practicing rhinology, sleep medicine, and/or pediatric otolaryngology compared to other subspecialties. The main indication to perform turbinate surgery was nasal obstruction (93.20%); followed by sleep disordered breathing (53.28%), chronic rhinosinusitis (28.70%) and facial growth alterations (22.30%).ConclusionsThere is no general consensus on the indications and ideal technique for turbinate reduction in children. This dissension arises mainly from the lack of scientific evidence. The points with highest agreement (>75%) between respondents is the use of nasal steroids prior to surgery; reintroducing nasal steroids in allergic patients; and performing turbinate surgery as day-case surgery.     

Failures of Adenoidectomy for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Children: For Whom and When Do They Fail?

OBJECTIVES: To determine which children who are treated with adenoidectomy for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) will ultimately undergo endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and the length of time between adenoidectomy and ESS. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of prospectively collected data in a tertiary pediatric otolaryngology service. METHODS: One hundred forty-three children had adenoidectomy for CRS over a 10-year period. Follow-up was available on 121 children. Sixty-one children failed the procedure. Data were available on 55 children who underwent ESS after failing adenoidectomy for the treatment of CRS. Mean time from adenoidectomy to ESS was determined. Factors such as age, allergic rhinitis, asthma, computed tomography (CT) score, and sex were evaluated for effects on this time. RESULTS: With use of Cox regression analysis, the mean time from adenoidectomy to ESS was 24 months, ranging from 4 to 77 months. The presence of asthma (P < .04) and age less than 7 years (P < .01) were predictors of earlier failure. Allergic rhinitis (P < .3), CT score (P < .9), and sex (P < .3) showed no effect. CONCLUSIONS: Those who fail adenoidectomy for CRS who require ESS are mainly children who are younger than 7 years of age and have asthma. They appear to require a salvage ESS at a mean of 24 months after the adenoidectomy.     

青少年鼻腔结构异常的鼻内镜手术探讨

目的探讨鼻内镜手术治疗青少年鼻腔结构异常的适应证及其疗效。方法对37例鼻腔结构异常的青少年患者（年龄11～17岁,平均14．6岁）实施鼻内镜外科手术,主要行鼻中隔成形术,同时治疗影响鼻窦炎发病的下鼻甲肥大、泡状中鼻甲及腺样体肥大等相关疾病。结果经过随访3个月～2年,手术后鼻塞、流脓涕、头痛等症状消失29例（78．4％）,好转5例（13．5％）,无效3例（8．1％）。其中1例存在鼻腔粘连,再次行鼻内镜处理。结论经鼻内镜鼻中隔成形术结合同时处理影响鼻窦炎发病的相关因素,对青少年鼻腔结构异常是一种行之有效的治疗方法。     

Sleep-disordered breathing in children: survey of current practice

OBJECTIVES: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends objective testing with polysomnography (PSG) before adenotonsillectomy for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children. Several studies have also shown that a clinical diagnosis correlates poorly with the presence or severity of SDB as confirmed by PSG. The purpose of this study was to examine surgical practice patterns among members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngologists (ASPO). METHODS: A questionnaire was sent electronically to all members of ASPO asking about demographics, PSG facilities, and pre- and postoperative management of children with SDB. RESULTS: A total of 245 questionnaires were sent, and 105 (43%) were completed. The results of the survey show that up to 50% of pediatric visits in individual practices were for SDB. Only 10% of children who underwent adenotonsillectomy had PSG, and the most common reason to request it was doubt about diagnosis. The average wait for PSG was 3 to 6 weeks. Preoperative PSG was routinely requested in children under 1 year of age and children with morbid obesity, craniofacial abnormalities, or neuromuscular disease. The majority of pediatric otolaryngologists proceeded with an adenotonsillectomy in symptomatic children with normal PSG findings. Postoperative PSG was requested in less than 5% of children. Approximately 20% of children who underwent adenotonsillectomy for suspected SDB were observed overnight in hospital. CONCLUSIONS: A majority of respondents from this survey rely on a clinical diagnosis rather than PSG to recommend an adenotonsillectomy for SDB in children. PSG was generally used when the diagnosis was in doubt.     

Pediatric otolaryngologists' use of genetic testing

OBJECTIVE: To assess the use of genetic testing by pediatric otolaryngologists in evaluating a child with prelingual sensorineural hearing impairment (SNHI). DESIGN: Questionnaire on the use of genetic testing in the evaluation of prelingual SNHI was made available to pediatric otolaryngologists through the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) Web site (http://www.aspo.us). Each ASPO member was invited by e-mail to complete the questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-three ASPO members. RESULTS: Forty-two (69%) of 61 respondents indicated that they use genetic testing of the connexin 26 (Cx26) gene (GJB2) as an initial test in their workup of prelingual SNHI, and 30 (71%) of 42 reported that they provide genetic counseling for their patients and their families. However, 17 (45%) of 38 respondents answered questions regarding recurrence risks incorrectly or stated that they did not know the correct response. In addition, 7 (12%) of 60 respondents reported that they do not use DNA-based testing at any point in their workup. CONCLUSIONS: Many pediatric otolaryngologists use DNA-based testing in their evaluation of prelingual SNHI. However, many pediatric otolaryngologists do not have an adequate knowledge of the implications of genetic testing. Because it will take on an increasingly large role in clinical practice, pediatric otolaryngologists must be familiar with current genetic testing, counseling, and treatment recommendations. As these results demonstrate, such knowledge is still lacking in this physician population.     

Efficacy of a stepwise protocol that includes intravenous antibiotic therapy for the management of chronic sinusitis in children and adolescents

BACKGROUND: Recent concern regarding interference with facial skeletal growth and the risk of complications after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has led to interest in exploring other treatment options for the management of chronic sinusitis in children. OBJECTIVE: To present the use of a stepwise protocol that includes intravenous (IV) antibiotic therapy as a therapeutic alternative to pediatric ESS. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with chronic sinusitis treated from January 1, 1993, to July 1, 1998, with a stepwise protocol that includes the use of IV antibiotics. SETTING: Academic tertiary care children's hospital. PATIENTS: Seventy patients, aged 10 months to 15 years, with the diagnosis of chronic sinusitis as defined by symptomatic disease for at least 12 weeks. All patients had persistent symptoms and radiographic evidence of sinus disease by computed tomographic scan after a minimum 3- to 4-week course of oral antibiotics. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were treated with maxillary sinus aspiration and irrigation with selective adenoidectomy, followed by a 1- to 4-week course of a culture-directed IV antibiotic. Most patients also underwent placement of a long-arm IV catheter. OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical charts were reviewed for clinical response to IV antibiotics, complications from IV antibiotic therapy, need for ESS, and recurrent episodes of sinusitis. RESULTS: Of the 70 patients studied, 62 (89%) had complete resolution of symptoms following IV therapy with selective adenoidectomy. Eight patients (11%) failed IV therapy and required ESS. Thirty-seven patients (53%) underwent concurrent adenoidectomy. Patients treated with concurrent adenoidectomy had equivocal response rates compared with patients treated with IV antibiotic therapy alone. Follow-up data were available for 52 patients (range, 6-62 months; mean, 25 months). All recurrent episodes resolved with oral antibiotic therapy. Complications from IV therapy included superficial thrombophlebitis in 6 patients (9%) and dislodgement of a catheter guidewire during placement in 1 patient (1%), requiring venotomy. Antibiotic-related complications also occurred in 3 patients (4%) and included serum sickness, pseudomembranous colitis, and drug fevers. CONCLUSION: A stepwise protocol that includes IV antibiotic therapy is a safe and efficacious mode of therapy for the management of chronic sinusitis in children and adolescents and may be a reasonable alternative to pediatric ESS.     

Infant tracheotomy: results of a survey regarding technique

OBJECTIVE: To identify practice patterns regarding tracheotomy technique among pediatric otolaryngologists. DESIGN: Survey of physicians. SETTING: Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) residing in the United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Physician responses to survey questions, including both multiple choice and free-text responses. We used chi(2) tests to determine if demographic factors (pediatric otolaryngology fellowship training, the number of tracheotomies performed yearly) correlated with differences in the technique used to perform infant tracheotomies. RESULTS: A total of 168 of 225 surveys mailed to ASPO members (75%) were completed and returned. Most respondents (87%) report that they make a simple vertical incision in the trachea. An even greater number (94%) use stay sutures routinely. On other technical points, such as management of the thyroid gland, the subcutaneous fat, and the method of securing the tracheostomy tube, there was much greater variability: 22% of respondents reported having had a serious tracheotomy-related complication in the immediate postoperative period, and 58% of these physicians changed their technique as a result. In several areas, chi(2) analysis revealed statistically significant differences in technique that were dependent on both fellowship training and the number of tracheotomies performed (P < or = .05). CONCLUSIONS: Among ASPO members practicing in the United States, there is near-unanimity on certain technical points, with considerable divergence on others. A substantial percentage of our colleagues have experienced a tracheotomy-related complication in the early postoperative period. In many cases, these incidents led to changes in surgical technique.     

Perioperative management of the sinus patient: a Canadian perspective

OBJECTIVE: To survey the current practices and opinions of Canadian otolaryngologists with regard to the perioperative management of the sinus patient and to explore practice variations and examine the preferred methods of experts. DESIGN: A mailed survey was designed and sent to all members of the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery who practice in Canada. The multiple-choice questionnaire addressed issues including diagnostic evaluation; routine preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative methods; and practice demographics. RESULTS: A total of 242 questionnaires were returned, for an overall response rate of 72%. Preoperatively, the majority of surgeons obtained a computed tomographic scan (70%) and administered inhaled steroids (83%). Half of those surveyed performed endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) using the image on the video monitor, and close to 70% routinely used postoperative nasal packing. There were significant variations in practice habits between the general respondents and a subgroup of self-defined "experts" in the field, defined as those who spent greater than 40% of their clinical time managing sinonasal disease. Analysis uncovered that the experts were statistically more likely to use preoperative systemic steroids (p = .008), use the video monitor (p = .045), and perform surgery under neuroleptic anaesthesia (p = .045). As a group, they were also less likely to routinely use postoperative place nasal packing (p = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Considerable variations in clinical practices were identified among Canadian surgeons. Continued efforts aimed at diminishing these variations through the establishment of evidence-based practice guidelines will assist in standardizing the care of these patients.     

Medical management and diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis: A survey of treatment patterns by United States otolaryngologists

BACKGROUND: This study was performed to identify current patterns of diagnostic criteria and medical treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by otolaryngologists in the United States. METHODS: A 15-item survey was mailed to a random sample of 200 members of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 40.0%. Of respondents, 73% defined CRS as lasting >12 weeks. Seventy-three percent also believed radiological imaging was necessary for definitive diagnosis, but only 30% believed nasal endoscopy was necessary. Regarding treatment, respondents reported use of oral antibiotics (94%) and nasal corticosteroids (94%) as part of maximum medical management; oral decongestants, oral mucoevacuants, and allergy testing were used only by about one-half of the respondents, and less frequently topical decongestants (38%), oral corticosteroids (36%), and oral antihistamines (27%) were used. Oral corticosteroids were more likely to be used by specialists that self-classified as rhinologists than by other otolaryngologists (p = 0.005), but rhinologists were less likely to use radiological imaging (p = 0.04) as a diagnostic criterion. Pediatric otolaryngologists used allergy testing in medical management more frequently than other otolaryngologists (p < 0.001). Overall, the basis for choice of maximal medical management was personal clinical experience (74%), rather than clinical research results or expert recommendations. CONCLUSION: We had a fairly small sample of returned surveys; therefore, our findings may not be generalizable to the entire population of U.S. otolaryngologists. Nevertheless, in our survey, U.S. otolaryngologists agree on the use of oral antibiotics and nasal corticosteroids as part of maximal medical management for CRS but do not agree on other adjuvant therapies or on the use of endoscopy as a diagnostic criterion.     

Should obtaining a preoperative audiogram before tympanostomy tube placement be used as a quality metric? A survey of pediatric otolaryngologists

IntroductionObtaining a preoperative audiogram prior to tympanostomy tube placement is recommended by the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery clinical practice guideline (CPG): Tympanostomy tubes in Children, and this process measure is also used as a quality metric by payers. However, whether audiograms should be mandated in cases of tube placement for both chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) and recurrent acute otitis media (RAOM) is controversial. The objective of this study is to determine reports of practice patterns of pediatric otolaryngologists regarding obtaining audiograms before and after tympanostomy tube placement and opinions regarding utility of CPGs and use of this process measure as a quality metric.MethodsA 16-question cross-sectional survey of American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) members was conducted. Per ASPO policy, no repeated requests or other enhanced response techniques were permitted. Independent t-tests for proportions were used to compare responses.Results127 pediatric otolaryngologists completed the survey (response rate 26.9%). Nearly 70% of respondents reported being in practice for >10 years. 74% of respondents reported obtaining preoperative audiograms “always” or “most of the time” for COME, vs. 56.7% for RAOM (p < 0.0001). 76% agreed that obtaining a preoperative audiogram was representative of high quality for COME, vs. 52% for RAOM (p < 0.0001). 12% of respondents “completely agreed” that compliance with all aspects of CPGs represented high quality, while 68.8% responded that they somewhat agreed.ConclusionThere is no consensus among pediatric otolaryngologists regarding the necessity of a preoperative audiogram in tympanostomy tube placement, especially for RAOM. Further evidence demonstrating the benefit of preoperative audiogram obtainment should be developed prior to inclusion as a guideline recommendation and as a quality metric.     

American Rhinologic Society member survey on "maximal medical therapy" for chronic rhinosinusitis

BACKGROUND: "Maximal medical therapy" is the standard of care for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) treatment before the recommendation for surgery. However, this therapy is not consistent. Therefore, as a first step in determining the role of the disparate "maximal medical" treatments for CRS, American Rhinologic Society (ARS) members were surveyed. METHODS: A survey was mailed to all nonresident members of the ARS (n=723). Focusing on the time period before surgical intervention is first considered for CRS patients, the survey assessed types of therapies, frequency of use, details on antibiotic and steroid usage, use of computed tomography (CT), and demographic data of respondents. All responses were anonymous. RESULTS: Three hundred eight surveys were returned (43%). A majority of respondents used oral antibiotics and nasal steroids "almost always (>90%)". Oral antibiotics, oral steroids, nasal steroids, saline irrigation, and allergy testing were most commonly used at least "usually (50-90%)". The median antibiotic length was 3.1-4 weeks. The mean peak prednisone dose was 51.7 mg when oral steroids were used. Therapies that were rarely or never used by the majority included oral antifungals, antifungal spray, antibiotic spray, antibiotic nebulizer, steroid nebulizer, and i.v. antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Oral antibiotics (median, 3.1-4 weeks) and nasal steroids are used >90% of the time by a majority of ARS members for maximal medical treatment of CRS.     

少年儿童鼻内镜手术远期疗效及相关临床因素探讨

目的 探讨接受内镜鼻窦手术少年儿童鼻窦炎患者的疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法 接受内镜鼻窦手术的少年儿童鼻窦炎性疾病患者268例(432侧)，年龄3～17岁，平均14．3岁，男186例，女82例。全身麻醉176例，局部麻醉12例。188例(305侧)术后随访超过1年，占病例总数70．1％。随访在鼻内镜下进行，以黏膜表面麻醉为主。术后综合治疗包括：清理术腔、鼻腔冲洗、抗生素、激素、黏液促排剂及免疫调节剂等。结果 慢性鼻窦炎89例(147侧)，慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉86例(142侧)，鼻窦黏液囊肿13例(16侧)。治愈132例(70．2％)，好转43例(22．9％)，无效13例(6．9％)。术后头痛缓解率93．1％(175／188)，其次为鼻堵为85．1％(160／188)，脓涕60．1％(113／188)。11例手术前后无变化，2例症状较术前加重。术前56例失嗅者，术后34例(60．7％)改善或恢复。术后症状完全缓解123／188例(65．4％)，部分缓解52／188例(27．7％)，总有效率为93．1％。8例(4．3％)接受再手术。结论 少儿慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉内镜鼻窦手术远期疗效满意，应重视术中黏膜合理取舍和积极处理中鼻甲；随访质量为影响手术远期疗效重要因素。患者就医和手术前是否进行了规范药物治疗为手术适应证重要前提。     

Effect of adenoidectomy in children with complex problems of rhinosinusitis and associated diseases

OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of adenoidectomy in the management of pediatric sinusitis is still a controversial issue. The size of the adenoid and associated diseases are the factors for consideration. The adenoid has been studied and is proved to be a probable source of infection for the paranasal sinus. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of adenoidectomy in reducing the frequency of sinusitis in children. METHODS: A prospective study was done in pediatric patients with rhinosinusitis admitted for adenoidectomy from January 2000 to January 2002. Pre-operative frequency of rhinosinusitis, underlying diseases and the diseases caused by the adenoid were recorded. The adenoid size was evaluated by lateral skull X-ray. The patients were followed after surgery and frequency of rhinosinusitis and associated diseases were compared with the pre-operative period. RESULTS: There were 37 patients with mean age of 6+/-2.8 years. Mean duration for pre-operative review was 436.7 days and mean duration for post-operative follow up was 450.2 days. Almost all (92%) of the patients had obstructive sleep disorder and 88.2% had adenoid-nasopharyngeal ratio >0.7. There was a statistically significant reduction of episodes per year of rhinosinusitis and obstructive sleep disorder after surgery (P-value < 0.001 and 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Adenoidectomy was proved to be effective in the management of pediatric rhinosinusitis in this series. Adenoidectomy should be most beneficial as a surgical option before endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), especially in younger children with obstructive symptoms.     

经鼻内窥镜手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎疗效分析

目的：探讨功能性鼻窦内间手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎的疗效及有关影响因素。方法：对１９９６年５月～１９９９年１月接受功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术并完成随访１年以上、有完整病历记录的儿童慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉患者３１例进行回顾性分析。结果：按照ＦＥＳＳ－９７海口疗效评定标准，３１例中治愈１２例（３８．７％），好转１５例（４８．４％），无效４例（１２．９％），总有效率为８７．１％，均无严重并发症发生。结论：经鼻内窥镜手     

Surgical management of chronic sinusitis in children

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to compare three common surgical modalities in children for the treatment of chronic sinusitis that is refractory to medical management. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective nonrandomized study in a pediatric otolaryngology tertiary service. METHODS: Two hundred two children who satisfied criteria for surgery and were referred over a 10-year period were studied. Children were divided into three surgical groups. Group 1 had both endoscopic sinus surgery and adenoidectomy, group 2 had endoscopic sinus surgery alone, and group 3 had adenoidectomy. After a follow-up period of 12 months, improvement of symptoms was assessed. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-three children had adequate follow-up. Eighty seven percent of children in group 1 had improved symptoms, compared with 75% in group 2 and 52% in group 3 (P < .0001). Multivariate analysis showed that surgical procedure was a predictor of success. Asthma, smoke exposure, and age were independent predictors of success. CONCLUSION: Children who fail medical therapy benefit from surgery. Following certain criteria, one can chose between adenoidectomy alone or endoscopic sinus surgery with adenoidectomy to optimize surgical treatment of these children.     

Nasal bone fractures and the use of radiographic imaging: An otolaryngologist perspective

ObjectiveTo determine radiologic preferences of practicing otolaryngologists regarding isolated nasal bone fractures.Study designAn 8-question survey on isolated nasal bone fractures was designed.SettingSurveys were sent to all otolaryngology residency program directors for distribution among residents and faculty. Additional surveys were distributed to private practice otolaryngology groups.Results140 physicians responded to the survey. 57% of the respondents were practicing otolaryngologists (75% with 10+ years of experience), while 43% of respondents were residents-in-training. 56% of respondents treated 1–5 nasal bone fractures per month. 80% of all respondents reported imaging being performed prior to consultation. If imaging was obtained before consultation, plain films and computed tomography (CT) maxillofacial/sinus scans were the most frequent modalities. 33% of residents and 70% of practicing otolaryngologists report imaging as ‘rarely’ or ‘never’ helpful in guiding management. 42% of residents and 20% of practicing otolaryngologists report asking for imaging when it wasn't already obtained. Decreased use of radiography was associated with greater years in practice and higher frequency of fractures treated.Conclusions and relevanceOtolaryngologists seldom request imaging to evaluate and treat isolated nasal bone fractures. When ordered, imaging is utilized more often among residents-in-training and non-otolaryngology consulting physicians. This study highlights an opportunity to educate primary care and emergency room providers as well as otolaryngology residents on the value of comprehensive physical exam over radiographic imaging in the work-up of isolated nasal fractures. In addition, widespread adoption of a “no x-ray policy” in this setting may result in better resource utilization.     

少年儿童鼻内镜手术远期疗效及相关临床因素探讨

目的　探讨接受内镜鼻窦手术少年儿童鼻窦炎患者的疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法　接受内镜鼻窦手术的少年儿童鼻窦炎性疾病患者 2 68例 (43 2侧 ) ,年龄 3～ 17岁 ,平均 14 3岁 ,男 186例 ,女 82例。全身麻醉 176例 ,局部麻醉 12例。 188例 (3 0 5侧 )术后随访超过 1年 ,占病例总数 70 1%。随访在鼻内镜下进行 ,以黏膜表面麻醉为主。术后综合治疗包括 :清理术腔、鼻腔冲洗、抗生素、激素、黏液促排剂及免疫调节剂等。结果　慢性鼻窦炎 89例 (14 7侧 ) ,慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉86例 (14 2侧 ) ,鼻窦黏液囊肿 13例 (16侧 )。治愈 13 2例 (70 2 % ) ,好转 43例 (2 2 9% ) ,无效 13例(6 9% )。术后头痛缓解率 93 1% (175/ 188) ,其次为鼻堵为 85 1% (160 / 188) ,脓涕 60 1% (113 /188)。 11例手术前后无变化 ,2例症状较术前加重。术前 56例失嗅者 ,术后 3 4例 (60 7% )改善或恢复。术后症状完全缓解 12 3 / 188例 (65 4% ) ,部分缓解 52 / 188例 (2 7 7% ) ,总有效率为 93 1%。 8例 (4 3 % )接受再手术。结论　少儿慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉内镜鼻窦手术远期疗效满意 ,应重视术中黏膜合理取舍和积极处理中鼻甲 ;随访质量为影响手术远期疗效重要因素。患者就医和手术前是否进行了规范药物治疗为手术适应证     

变应性鼻炎诊疗现状调查

目的 变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)是鼻科常见病之一,但患者的就诊率不高,部分患者对疗效不满意,表明临床诊疗过程中存在亟待改进的问题.本研究针对中国部分大中城市的耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医师进行AR诊疗现状调查,通过剖析存在的问题,为提高临床诊疗水平提供参考.方法 采用问卷调查方式在全国13个省或自治区(63个市)和4个直辖市,针对508名耳鼻咽喉头颈外科医师,调查AR患者门诊状况、诊断状况和治疗状况.结果 AR患者占全部耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊患者的比例平均为19%±14%,占全部鼻腔鼻窦疾病门诊患者的35%±17%.既往使用过鼻用糖皮质激素或H1受体拮抗剂等抗过敏药物的患者为42%±26%.可进行皮肤点刺试验和血清特异性IgE检查的医师比例分别为74%和20%.仅依据患者症状和体征诊断,不进行皮肤点刺试验和血清特异性IgE检查等临床检测的比例为6l%±29%,而综合病史和皮肤点刺试验或血清学检测的诊断比例为35%±28%.从医师治疗成人AR患者的药物处方比例来看,鼻用糖皮质激素平均为70%4-27%,口服和鼻用H1受体拮抗剂分别为49%±32%和36%±28%.过敏原特异性皮下免疫治疗占23%4±26%,口服白三烯受体拮抗剂和鼻用色甘酸钠分别为18%±22%和16%±22%.重视复诊随访患者所占比例平均为24%±17%,对复诊和随访重视程度一般的患者所占比例为35%4±19%,而几乎不复诊随访的患者所占比例为39%±24%.结论 AR已成为我国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊患者求诊的主要疾病,但无论是患者对疾病的整体认识,还是专科医师的整体诊治水平,均需要在现有基础上尽快提高.     

Prognostic factors of pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is performed for refractory cases of rhinosinusitis that do not respond to medical management. However, few studies have been reported for the prognostic factors affecting the outcomes of pediatric ESS. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors affecting the outcomes of pediatric ESS. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Medical records of 97 pediatric patients who had undergone ESS from February 1995 to October 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. We classified the patients into two groups based on outcome, i.e., either good or poor, according to the postoperative endoscopic findings. Then univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare the following nine characteristics between the good and poor outcome groups: the presence of allergy, bronchial asthma, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, history of previous sinus surgery, presence of a smoker in the family, degree of polyposis, preoperative disease extent scored by CT scan findings, blood eosinophil count, and eosinophil infiltration in the nasal mucosa. RESULT: The overall success rate was 70% based on the objective postoperative endoscopic finding. Statistical differences were found between the good and poor groups in terms of the degree of preoperative polyposis and CT staging in univariate analysis, whilst in multivariate logistic regression analysis severe polyposis and indirect smoking predicted poor outcome after pediatric ESS. CONCLUSION: Pediatric ESS with severe polyposis, high CT rhinosinusitis staging, or indirect smoking predisposes to a poorer outcome. This needs to be taken into consideration when performing ESS for children.