腹腔镜胆总管切开取石在老年胆道结石患者中的应用

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石治疗老年胆道结石患者的有效性,安全性。方法从2007年4月至2011年12月本院共行86例腹腔镜胆总管切开取石术。将这些患者按年龄分为两组,并进行回顾性分析。老年组(≥70岁)40例,年轻组(<70岁)46例。对比两组临床特点,手术时间,住院时间,中转开放手术率,术后累计并发症发生率,残石率和死亡率。结果老年组表现出较高的麻醉评分(P=0.003)及基础疾病患病率(P<0.01),而平均手术时间,术后住院时间,中转开放手术率,残石率,并发症的发生率、死亡率,两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜胆总管切开取石不仅对年轻胆总管结石患者安全有效,对老年患者也是一种安全有效的治疗方式。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查取石与EST联合LC治疗胆囊疾病合并胆总管结石的临床对比分析

目的:评价腹腔镜下胆囊切除、胆总管探查术(LC- CBDE)与内镜下Oddi括约肌切开术(EST)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗胆囊疾病合并胆总管结石的临床效果及术式选择。方法:回顾总结LC胆囊疾病合并胆总管结石152例,采用LC CBDE术68例、EST联合LC术84例治疗的临床资料,对胆总管内径、结石大小、总手术时间、手术费用、并发症发生率、术后住院日等进行对比并作统计学分析。结果:两种术式的术后住院日差异无显著性(P>0. 05),手术总时间、手术费用、并发症发生率等比较差异有显著性(P<0 .01),两者的胆总管内径、结石大小亦有差别。结论:两种术式各有其适应证和优缺点。胆总管直径0 .5~1 .0cm,胆总管下端结石时宜用EST取石,术后2~5d再行LC;胆总管直径1 .0cm时,尤其是并存二级支肝管结石者(无胆管狭窄)则宜行LC -CBDE术。     

胆总管探查后一期缝合的经验和认识

目的 探讨胆总管探查后一期缝合的经验和认识。方法对1990年1月至2004年6月因肝外胆管结石择期行胆总管探查后一期缝合的271例作一回顾性分析。所有病例不含肝内胆管结石，术中经胆道镜或胆道造影排除胆道残石并常规放置右肝下引流管。结果术后14例腹腔引流液含胆汁，均未特殊处理。术后平均住院8．73d。所有病例术后3个月内门诊B超复查，未发现胆道残石。216例（79．70%）获得远期随访，无一例发现肝外胆管狭窄。结论对经过严格选择的肝外胆管结石病例，胆总管探查后不应强调一律放置T管。术中精细操作和经术中胆道镜或胆道造影检查排除残石后，一期缝合可作为术式选择。     

腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查在胆管结石中的应用

目的 :总结腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查取石术的临床应用经验 ,探讨其手术方法 ,术中注意事项及临床应用的优缺点。方法 :腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石 ,T管引流或一期缝合。结果 :2 3例胆总管结石手术2 1例成功 ,2例中转开腹。结论 :腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石术应掌握适应证 ,才能使创伤减小 ,康复快且安全。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术患者围手术期的快速康复外科处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术 (LCBDE)患者应用快速康复外科 (FTS)理念实施围手术期处理的效果。 方法回顾性分析咸阳市中心医院肝胆外科2014年3月至2015年5月行LCBDE患者76例的资料,随机分为FTS组 (39例)和传统处理组 (37例)。计算两组术前术后的胰岛素抵抗指数、C反应蛋白变化、术后应用镇痛药次数、术后首次排气时间、术后腹腔引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间、术后住院总费用、术后并发症和患者满意度调查等。 结果两组患者均临床治愈出院。对其术前至术后7 d的胰岛素抵抗指数与C反应蛋白水平变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义 (F＝12.93, 17.74, P<0.05); 术后应用镇痛药次数、术后首次排气时间、术后拔除腹腔引流管时间、术后住院时间、术后住院总费用比较,差异均有统计学意义 (t＝2.488, 2.165, 14.996, 2.188, 2.183, P<0.05); 术后并发症发生率分别为15.4% (6/39)和32.4% (12/37),差异有统计学意义 (χ²＝5.361, P<0.05); 患者满意度调查比较,差异有统计学意义 (χ²＝6.829, P<0.01)。 结论FTS能降低LCBDE患者的术后应激反应及并发症的发生率,加速其康复进程,缩短住院时间,改善临床效果。     

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration are safe for older patients

Background: Laparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) exploration is a well-established treatment option in dedicated centers. However, few data are available on the results in elderly patients. Methods: The outcome after laparoscopic CBD exploration in elderly patients (age <70 years) was compared with that in a concurrent control group of younger patients (age, <70 years). Results: There were 77 elderly patients in group A and 207 younger patients in group B. American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) III and IV patients and prior abdominal operations were more frequent in group A (p <0.001). Two patients from each group underwent conversion to open surgery. There was no significant difference frequency of use between the transcystic and choledochotomy approaches, although the latter tended to be more frequent in the group A because of larger stones, (group A 53.4%; group B, 37.6%). Minor and major morbidity (group A, 12%; group B, 13.6%), rate of recurrent stones (group A, 1.3%; group B, 1.9%), and mortality (group A, 1.3%; group B, 0%) were not significantly different between the two groups. The single death in group A involved a patient with acute toxic cholangitis who underwent emergency surgery after multiple failed attempts at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/endoscopic sphincterotomy performed elsewhere. No CBD stenosis was observed at follow-up assessment. Conclusions: Elective laparoscopic CBD exploration is safe and effective. It may become the standard of care in both elderly and younger patients.     

腹腔镜下胆总管探查术治疗胆囊结石并胆总管结石(附84例报告)

目的 :探讨用腹腔镜行胆总管探查术治疗胆石症的微创意义及可行性。方法 :分析 84例胆囊结石并胆总管结石或胆囊切除术后胆总管结石患者运用腹腔镜下胆囊切除和 (或 )胆总管切开取石术的临床资料。结果 :84例胆石症患者均在腹腔镜下完成手术 ,其中 76例行胆囊切除并胆总管切开取石T管引流术 ,8例行胆总管一期缝合术 ,术后未发生并发症。结论 :腹腔镜胆囊切除并胆总管探查术治疗胆囊结石并胆管结石技术上是安全、可行的 ,治疗效果肯定 ,微创意义明显。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术1712例

目的总结腹腔镜胆总管探查术的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析1992年3月至2010年4月接受腹腔镜胆总管探查术的1712例患者的治疗经验及效果。结果即时缝合983例,904例（91.9%）获得成功,T管引流729例,663例（90.9%）获得成功。中转开腹21例,胆瘘61例,术后残余结石未能取净12例,死亡5例,其他并发症46例。结论只要选择相应的适应证,腹腔镜胆总管探查术是可行、有效和安全的。     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术693例报告

目的总结运用腹腔镜胆总管探查术的治疗经验。方法回顾性分析 1992年 3月至2 0 0 3年 3月运用腹腔镜胆总管探查术对 6 93例患者进行治疗的经验及效果。结果即时缝合的 391例中 ,373例治疗获得成功 ;T管引流的 30 2例中 2 72例获得成功。扩张膜状狭窄 74例中效果满意 6 8例 ,恶性狭窄 15例中 11例支架引流获得成功 ,既往有开腹或腹腔镜胆囊胆管手术史者 4 2例中再次手术成功 36例。中转开腹 7例 ,胆漏 2 4例 ,术后残石内镜未取净 11例 ,死亡 4例。结论腹腔镜胆总管探查术对于有较高内镜和腹腔镜技术者是可行、有效和安全的。     

LC+LCBDE术后胆管一期缝合治疗胆囊结石合并正常直径胆总管结石的临床研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术(laparoscopic common bile duct exploration,LCBDE)联合腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)治疗胆囊结石合并正常直径胆总管结石术后胆管一期缝合的可行性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析东南大学医学院附属江阴医...     

腹腔镜内窥镜治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石两种术式的临床分析

目的 评价腹腔镜胆囊切除、胆总管探查取石术(LC+LCBDE)与内镜下Oddi括约肌切开、腹腔镜胆囊切除术(EST+LC)两种术式治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床效果.方法 回顾总结LC联合治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石256例,采用LC+LCBDE术132例、EsT+LC术124例治疗的临床资料,对两组病例的手术成功率、并发症发生率、手术总时间、住院费用、住院日进行对比统计分析.结果 两种术式的手术成功率、并发症发生率、平均住院日无显著性差异(P>0.05),手术总时间、手术费用比较有显著性差异(P<0.01).结论 两种术式各有其适应证和优缺点.胆总管直径<1.0 cm、胆总管中下端结石或老年胆石症病人宜采用EST+LC术式;胆总管直径>1.0 cm的多发性较大结石、尤其是中青年病人应首选LC+LCBDE术式.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石

目的 探讨腹腔镜胆总管探查术( LC BDE)治疗胆总管结石合并胆囊结石的临床疗效和价值.方法 2006年7月至2010年6月期间对127例胆总管结石合并胆囊结石患者进行微创治疗.其中78例采用LCBDE+腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗,49例采用内镜十二指肠括约肌切开术(EST) +LC治疗.比较二组的手术治疗成功率、术后并发症发生率、残余结石率、胃肠功能恢复时间、住院时间和费用等指标,并随访二组远期并发症发生率.结果 LCBDE+ LC组:手术成功率94.87％,术后并发症发生率5.41％.EST+LC组:手术成功率95.92％,术后并发症发生率12.77％.两组手术成功率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后并发症发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).手术时间、住院费用的比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).出院后随访1～5年,平均(3.2±0.8)年,LCBDE+LC组结石复发率、胆管积气发生率、反流性胆管炎发生率显著低于EST+LC组(P＜0.05).结论 LCBDE+LC是治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的安全、有效、可行的微创术式,对于适宜的患者行胆总管一期缝合更能体现微创的优势.     

经皮胆总管探查内置管内引流术治疗胆道多发结石

目的 探讨经皮胆总管探查、内置管内引流手术治疗胆道多发结石的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2002年3月至2010年9月解放军第四五一医院收治的962例胆总管结石患者的临床资料.全组患者均行LC,采用自制器械行胆总管探查,将内置管放置在胆总管和十二指肠内以内引流胆汁,通过十二指肠注水的膨抽试验确认内置管放入十二指肠,术后30 d经十二指肠镜拔出内置管.结果 全组患者中成功完成经皮胆总管探查、内置管内引流手术864例,中转开腹42例,中转腹腔镜胆总管T管外引流56例.864例患者手术时间为20～72 min,平均手术时间为(36±18)min;术后住院时间为(6.6±2.1)d;术后出现腹膜后腔脓肿经局部引流治疗痊愈2例,出现胆汁漏经保守治疗痊愈32例;术后30 d 862例患者通过B超检查随访,其中603例发现胆总管内置管影像,经十二指肠镜拔出内置管,1例内置管回缩胆总管经EST取出,258例内置管自然脱落.864例患者术后随访1～3年无胆管狭窄,26例胆总管复发结石经EST取出.结论 经皮胆总管探查、内置管内引流手术是治疗胆道多发结石的一种安全而简便的微创方法.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the efficacy of laparoscopic percutaneous common bile duct exploration (LPCBDE) with internal draining tube placement for the treatment of cholelithiasis. Methods The clinical data of 962 patients with choledocholithiasis who were admitted to the No. 451 Hospital of PLA were retrospectively analyzed. A self-made internal draining tube was placed in the common bile duct and duodenum to drain bile internally. The correct position of the internal draining tube was comfirmed by injecting water into and draining water from duodenum. The internal draining tube was pulled out with the help of duodenoscope at 30 days after the operation. Results LPCBDE with internal draining tube placement was successfully performed on 864 patients. Forty-two patients were transferred to open surgery, and 56 patients were transferred to receive LPCBDE with T-tube drainage. The mean operation time was (36 ± 18) minutes (range, 20-72 minutes), and the length of postoperative hospital stay was (6.6 ±2.1)days. Two patients were complicated with retroperitoneal abscess and they were cured by puncture and drainage, 32 patients were complicated with bile leakage and they were cured by conservative treatment. A total of 862 patients were followed up by B ultrasound at 30 days after the operation. The internal draining tube which was confirmed in the common bile duct was extracted with duodenoscope in 603 patients; the internal draining tube which was drawn back in 1 patient was removed with endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST); the internal draining tube was removed naturally in 258 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3 years, 26 patients had recurrent cholelithiasis and they were treated by EST. Conclusions LPCBDE with internal draining tube placement is a safe and minimally invasive method for the treatment of cholelithiasis.     

Stone clearance and risk factors for failure in laparoscopic transcystic exploration of the common bile duct

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become a gold standard globally. At the time of surgery, 5 to 10% of patients have coexisting stones in the common bile duct (CBD). There are several alternatives in treating these patients. We have chosen to try to extract the CBD stones at the primary operation by laparoscopic transcystic CBD exploration. Methods During the years 1994–2002 laparoscopic attempt of exploration of the CBD was made in 207 patients. Data was prospectively collected in a database, and was analyzed using unconditional logistic regression for risk factor analysis. Results In 155 of the 207 patients an attempt of transcystic CBD exploration was made and it was successful in 132 cases (85%). The median operating time was 184 minutes (range 89–384 minutes) and the median postoperative hospital stay was one day (range 1–31 days). The odds ratio for failure in stone clearance among patients with a bile duct diameter greater than 6 mm was 6.90 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87–54.61) compared to patients with a bile duct diameter of 6 mm or less. There was a significant threefold increase in risk among patients with stones of greater than 5 mm diameter compared to patients with stones 5 mm or less. Conclusions The laparoscopic transcystic exploration of the CBD had a high frequency of stone clearance and low morbidity in the present study. Moreover, large stones are a risk factor for failure in stone clearance.     

ERCP与腹腔镜胆总管探查治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的比较

目的比较ERCP与腹腔镜胆总管探查(LCBDE)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的优、缺点。 方法回顾分析2010年4月至2015年4月5年间诊治的197例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者。 结果ERCP组(99例)中有6例患者手术失败,32例合并胰腺炎,1例出现十二指肠壁穿孔。3例患者术后出现胆总管结石复发。LCBDE组(98例)中无手术失败,8例放置T管,无胆总管结石复发,无严重并发症。LCBDE组术后平均住院时间和平均住院费用均低于ERCP组[(5±2) d vs (3±1)d, (2.23±0.85)万元 vs (1.73±0.43)万元]。 结论ERCP＋EST和LCBDE对于胆囊结石合并胆总管结石都是行之有效的处理方法,对于大多数患者应首选LCBDE,对于特殊患者可选择ERCP＋EST＋LC方案。     

Cost-effective management of common bile duct stones

Background: There are a variety of approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Methods: Decision modeling was used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of four strategies for managing CBD stones around the time of LC: (a) routine preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (preoperative ERCP), (b) LC with intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), followed by laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCDE), (c) LC with IOC, followed by ERCP (postoperative ERCP), and (d) expectant management (LC without any tests for CBD stones). Local hospital data were used to estimate costs. Cost-effectiveness was expressed in terms of the cost per case of residual CBD stones prevented (in excess of the cost of LC alone). Diagnostic test characteristics, procedure success rates, and adverse event probabilities were derived from a systematic review of the literature. Sensitivity analysis was used to explore the effect of uncertainty on the results of the model. Results: LC alone was the least costly strategy, but it was also the least effective. Of the more aggressive strategies, LCDE and preoperative ERCP were associated with marginal costs of $5993.60 and $299,259.35, respectively, per case of residual CBD stones prevented. Postoperative ERCP was more costly and less effective than LCDE, but it had a lower cost-effectiveness ratio than preoperative ERCP when the prevalence of CBD stones was < 80%. CONCLUSIONS: COMPARED TO OTHER COMMON APPROACHES, LAPAROSCOPIC CBD EXPLORATION IS A COST-EFFECTIVE METHOD OF MANAGING CBD STONES IN PATIENTS WHO UNDERGO LC. IF EXPERTISE IN LCDE IS UNAVAILABLE, SELECTIVE POSTOPERATIVE ERCP IS PREFERRED OVER ROUTINE PREOPERATIVE ERCP, UNLESS THE PROBABILITY OF CBD STONES IS VERY HIGH (>80%).     

Laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct: A solution to difficult choledocholithiasis

Objective: To evaluate the role of laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct (LECBD) in the management of common bile duct stone, particularly for patients with failed endoscopic extraction and patients younger than 60 years old. Method: Prospective data of laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct during 1995–1999 were analysed. Results: During 1995–1999, 27 laparoscopic exploration of common bile duct (LECBD) were performed in patients with concomitant gallstone and common bile duct stone, in which half of these LECBD were performed after unsuccessful endoscopic retrieval (13 patients). LECBD was also indicated in patients younger than 60 years old (14 patients) because there was a concern about the potential long‐term complications of papillotomy‐like papillary stenosis and ascending cholangitis. One transcystic duct exploration and 26 choledochotomies were performed. Mean operating time was 138.7 min (70–300 min) and additional procedures included 19 laparoscopic ultrasounds (LUS), three laparoscopic intraoperative cholangiograms (LIOC) and two laparoscopic choledochoduodenostomies. Stone clearance rate was 96% with only one exception. Complications were encountered in nine patients (33%) and one patient died of sepsis subsequent to major bile leak (3.7%). Complications included bile leak/stent migration/collection (4), wound infection (3), minor wound bleeding (1) and self‐limiting postoperative intestinal obstruction (1). Conclusion: LECBD has a high success rate of ductal clearance in patients with ‘difficult common bile duct stones’ despite unsuccessful attempts at endoscopic extraction.     

Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in pregnancy with acute gallstone pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: We present a case in which a laparoscopic common bile duct exploration was performed safely in a pregnant patient with acute gallstone pancreatitis. CASE REPORT: A 25-year-old female, gravida 4 para 3, at 14-weeks gestation presented to her obstetrician with complaints of epigastric pain radiating to the back. She was otherwise healthy with no past medical or surgical history. A physical examination revealed a healthy young female with no evidence of jaundice and in no acute distress. An abdominal examination was remarkable for a gravid abdomen with mild tenderness to palpation in her epigastrium and negative Murphy's sign. The patient safely underwent a laparoscopic common bile duct exploration after a laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates the role of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in the diagnosis and treatment of possible choledocholithiasis in a pregnant patient.     

经腹腔镜胆道镜胆总管探查及取石术的临床应用

目的评价腹腔镜下胆总管探查取石术的临床疗效。方法收集并分析我院近两年腹腔镜下胆管探查治疗的53例结石性胆囊炎并胆管结石或扩张病例的资料。结果经胆囊管探查胆管5例,直接切开胆管探查48例。术后18例发生胆瘘,无切口感染,39例一期缝合病人无胆管残余结石及胆管狭窄发生。结论根据病人的情况选择不同的手术入路,腹腔镜胆道探查术治疗结石性胆囊炎合并胆总管结石是安全可行的。