乳化异氟醚对缺氧/复氧乳鼠心肌细胞的作用及对caspase-3表达的影响

目的 探讨乳化异氟醚(EI)对原代培养乳鼠心肌细胞的作用及对caspase-3表达的影响.方法 原代培养乳鼠离体心肌细胞,建立缺氧/复氧(H/R)损伤模型.将wister乳鼠随机分为4组,正常组(N组)、缺氧/复氧组(H/R组)、H/R+脂肪乳组(F组)、H/R+0.28 mmol/L EI组(EI组),每组8只乳鼠.4组乳鼠均取细胞培养上清液测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性与肌钙蛋白(cTnI)含量,心肌细胞匀浆后测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与丙二醛(MDA)含量;用倒置显微镜观察心肌细胞生长特性及形态的变化.Western blot检测4组乳鼠的caspase-3表达量. 结果 H/R组、F组、EI组3组乳鼠的LDH活性[分别为:(4 355±445)、(4 411±596)和(3 725±873)U/g]、SOD活性[分别为:(14.55±0.47)、(16.24±1.32)和(21.07±5.73)U/ml ]、MDA含量[分别为:(2.01±0.47)、(2.13±0.51)和(1.32±0.31)μmol/g]、cTnI含量[分别为:(1.417±0.135)、(1.412±0.127)和(1.401±0.521)μg/L]与N组[分别为:(1 562±598) U/g、(23.19±0.59)U/ml、(0.23±0.11)μmol/g和(0.265±0.042)μg/L]比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);F组的SOD活性与H/R组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但LDH活性、MDA含量、cTnI含量与H/R组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),EI组LDH活性、SOD活性、MDA含量、cTnI含量与H/R组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);EI组LDH活性、SOD活性、MDA含量、cTnI含量与F组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).N组、H/R组、F组、EI组4组乳鼠的Caspase-3表达量[分别为:(0.245±0.028)、(0.642±0.032)、(0.601±0.017)和(0.314±0.027)],组间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 乳化异氟醚对原代培养心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤有保护作用,且可能与其抑制caspase-3表达有关.     

促红细胞生成素联合粒细胞集落刺激因子对乳鼠缺氧心肌细胞的保护作用

目的 研究促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,EPO)联合粒细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte colony stimulating factor,G-CSF)对缺氧心肌细胞的保护作用.方法 分离乳鼠心肌细胞.采用95%N2+5%CO:气体充分置换的1%胎牛血清DMEM培养液培养24 h,建立缺氧心肌细胞模型.研究不同浓度的EPO和G-CSF对缺氧心肌细胞的保护作用.观察在最佳作用浓度时,EPO、G-CSF和联合用药对缺氧心肌细胞的保护作用.采用流式细胞仪检测各组心肌细胞的存活率、凋亡率和坏死率.结果 缺氧心肌细胞的死亡率(26.73%)和其中凋亡细胞与总死亡细胞的比例(70.05%)明显高于正常心肌细胞(5.63%、37.83%).EPO 1 U/ml浓度开始发挥对缺氧心肌细胞的保护作用,5、25和125 U/ml的保护作用相似;G-CSF 6ng/ml开始发挥对缺氧心肌细胞的保护作用,150ng/ml保护作用最强,30、750 ng/ml保护作用相似.EPO(5 U/ml)、G-CSF(30 ng/ml)和联合用药[EPO(5 U/ml)+G-CSF(30 ng/ml)]明显减少缺氧心肌细胞的凋亡率[(8.01±2.28)%、(7.08±0.16)%、(4.57±0.99)%,与缺氧心肌细胞(18.73±1.08)%比较,P<0.01]和总死亡率[(11.88±3.69)%、(11.60±0.65)%、(8.15±3.16)%,与缺氧心肌细胞(26.73±1.30)%比较,P<0.01);EPO组与C-CSF组保护作用相近(P>0.05);联合给药组保护作用明显强于单独EPO或G-CSF给药组(P<0.01).结论 EPO和G-CSF对缺氧心肌细胞具有保护作用,5 U/ml EPO和30 ng/ml G-CSF是减轻缺氧心肌细胞损伤的最佳剂量.二者联合给药,保护效果优于单独用药.     

三七皂甙Rg1对SD乳鼠心肌细胞缺血/再灌注性损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的:探讨三七皂甙Rg1对心肌细胞缺血/再灌注(I/R)损伤的作用。方法:分离培养SD乳鼠心肌细胞,建立I/R模型。分组:①正常对照组;②I/R组:缺氧2h,复氧1h;③Rg1治疗组:在缺氧前24h予三七皂甙Rg-1;④ST Rg1治疗组:在缺氧前24h予Rg-1及缺氧前1h予蛋白激酶C特异性阻断剂Staurosporine(ST)。计算心肌细胞锥虫蓝摄取率、测定细胞内游离钙、细胞凋亡率(流式细胞法)。结果:锥虫蓝摄取率、细胞内游离钙、细胞凋亡率分别为:正常对照组为(2.3±0.3)%、(117.1±14.3)%、(2.6±0.4)%;I/R组为(21.5±2.0)%、(355.3±31.9)%、(20.1±2.3)%;Rg1治疗组为(9.8±0.9)%,(179.5±11.3),(10.4±0.94)%;ST Rg1治疗组为(16.2±1.7)%、(294.7±18.5)%、(15.9±2.8)%。3项检测数据I/R组明显高于各组(P<0.05);Rg1治疗组明显低于I/R组(P<0.05)和高于正常对照组(P<0.05);ST Rg1治疗组明显高于Rg1组(P<0.05)。结论:细胞死亡、细胞凋亡、钙超载参与了心肌I/R损伤;三七总甙Rg1可减少SD乳鼠心肌细胞I/R的损伤;三七总甙Rg1的抗I/R损伤的作用可能通过激活蛋白激酶C途径。     

蒺藜皂苷对NaCN诱导大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的抑制作用及机制

目的：探讨蒺藜皂苷（GSTT）对NaCN诱导大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡的影响。 方法：采用NaCN建立心肌细胞内缺氧模型,GSTT干预后流式细胞术检测凋亡百分率及线粒体膜电位,激光共聚焦显微系统检测细胞内钙水平,Western blotting检测Bcl-2/Bax的蛋白表达。 结果：NaCN诱导的心肌细胞凋亡百分率GSTT组［（3.31±0.24）%］与模型组［(16.65±0.18)%］比较明显降低（P<0.01）;心肌细胞膜电位(mV)GSTT组(158.29±0.40)高于缺氧模型组(121.71±0.80)(P<0.01),低于正常对照组(167.10±0.70)(P<0.01);细胞内钙水平(色密度)GSTT组(323.73±68.19)低于缺氧模型组(496.65±80.10),高于正常对照组(280.18±48.10)(P<0.01)。Bcl-2蛋白表达强度上调, Bax蛋白表达强度下调。 结论：GSTT对NaCN诱导心肌细胞凋亡具有抑制作用,该作用与其调节Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达、稳定线粒体膜电位以及改善细胞内钙超载有关。     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯预处理对乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤保护及相关机制的研究

目的 建立乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧(A/R)损伤模型,探讨表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)对心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用及相关机制.方法 分离培养SD乳鼠心肌细胞,心肌细胞在培养48 h后随机分为3组(每次取18只乳鼠,每组实验重复6次):正常对照组、A/R组、EGCG预处理组(EGCG+A/R组).采用MTT比色法测定各组心肌细胞存活率,比色法测定培养液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量,黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定各组心肌细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量,硫代巴比妥酸法测定各组心肌细胞内丙二醛(MDA)的含量,流式细胞分析仪检测各组心肌细胞内活性氧(ROS)的含量.结果 与对照组比较,A/R 组心肌细胞存活率、细胞内SOD含量均明显降低(均P<0.01),而心肌细胞内MDA、ROS以及细胞释放的LDH均明显增加(均P<0.01).与A/R组比较,EGCG+A/R组心肌细胞存活率、细胞内SOD含量均明显增加(均P<0.01),同时心肌细胞内MDA、ROS及细胞释放的LDH均明显降低(均P<0.01).结论 EGCG预处理可减轻心肌细胞A/R损伤,其机制可能为EGCG增加了细胞的内源性抗氧化剂活性,降低心肌细胞A/R后氧自由基的生成.     

芪苈强心提取物对缺氧诱导的大鼠心肌细胞葡萄糖代谢异常的改善作用

目的 观察芪苈强心提取物对缺氧状态下大鼠心肌细胞葡萄糖代谢异常的改善作用。方法 采用酶消化法+差速贴壁法分离培养Sprague Dawley(SD)大鼠乳鼠原代心肌细胞,随机分为对照组、缺氧组、芪苈强心+缺氧组、曲美他嗪+缺氧组。干预12 h后,行心肌细胞凋亡检测[TUNEL染色及天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(caspase3)活力测定],采用荧光法测定细胞葡萄糖摄取,酶法检测心肌细胞ATP水平及细胞上清液乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,免疫印迹法检测心肌细胞内葡萄糖转运子-4(Glut-4)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)A、丙酮酸脱氢酶(PDH)、柠檬酸合酶(CS)等蛋白质表达水平。结果 与对照组比较,缺氧组TUNEL阳性细胞比例显著增高[(15.11±2.30)%比(2.85±0.95)%,P<0.01],caspase3活性显著增强[(81.53±13.78) U/mg比(27.61±5.82) U/mg,P<0.01],细胞葡萄糖摄取率显著降低[(66.82±10.88)%比(100.19±1.40)%P<0.01],ATP生成显著减少[(4.87±1.02) nmol/mg比(8...     

九龙藤总黄酮对乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用

目的研究九龙藤总黄酮(BCF)对乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用。方法分离出生1~3 d的大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞,培养72 h后随机分为空白对照组、缺氧/复氧模型组、九龙藤总黄酮(60、120和240μg/ml)干预组和舒血宁注射液(SXN,100μg/ml)阳性对照组,每组设8个复孔。药物干预6 h后,观察各组细胞形态学变化,通过MTT比色法测定细胞存活率;测定各组细胞培养液中谷草氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放量;测定各组细胞中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量;通过流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率。结果与空白对照组相比,缺氧/复氧模型组心肌细胞形态明显异常、细胞存活数明显减少,培养液中AST、CPK、LDH释放量显著升高,细胞中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性显著降低且MDA含量显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。与缺氧/复氧模型组比较,九龙藤总黄酮120、240μg/ml干预组心肌细胞形态明显好转,存活细胞数明显增加,培养液中AST、CPK释放量显著减少,细胞中SOD、CAT活性显著升高且MDA含量显著降低,细胞凋亡率显著降低,并且九龙藤总黄酮240μg/ml干预组培养液中LDH释放量显著降低及细胞中GSH-Px活性显著升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论九龙藤总黄酮能够有效改善缺氧/复氧损伤心肌细胞形态、提高细胞存活率、改善抗氧化酶活性、抑制氧化应激损伤、并降低细胞凋亡率,提示九龙藤总黄酮对心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤具有剂量依赖性的保护作用。     

地黄多糖对乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤保护作用的研究

目的研究地黄多糖(RPS)对乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的保护作用。方法取出生3天的SD大鼠乳鼠分离心肌细胞,培养72h后分为6组:空白对照组、缺氧/复氧模型对照组、地黄多糖(10、20、40μg/ml)干预组和舒血宁注射液(SXN,100μg/ml)干预组,每组设10个复孔。各组细胞经药物干预6h后,通过倒置光学显微镜观察各组细胞形态变化,通过甲基四唑蓝(MTT)比色法测定细胞存活率,通过流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率;测定各组细胞培养液中心肌酶[谷草转氨酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CPK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)]含量;测定各组细胞中抗氧化酶[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)]活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果与缺氧/复氧模型对照组相比,地黄多糖干预组心肌细胞形态明显好转,细胞存活率明显升高、凋亡率显著降低,培养液中AST、CPK、LDH含量显著降低,细胞中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性显著升高且MDA含量显著降低,其中以地黄多糖40μg/ml干预组效果最为显著,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论地黄多糖能够有效改善缺氧/复氧损伤心肌细胞形态、提高细胞存活率、降低细胞凋亡率、改善抗氧化酶活性、抑制氧化应激损伤,提示地黄多糖对缺氧/复氧损伤心肌细胞具有保护作用。     

EPO预处理在心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的抗凋亡作用研究

目的 观察促红细胞生成素(EPO)预处理在培养心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中的抗凋亡效应,进一步研究其可能机制.方法 建立大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤模型,将细胞分为对照组、EPO组[缺氧复氧前24h培养液中加入终浓度10u/mL重组人EPO(rhEPO)]、EPO+吡咯烷二硫氨基甲酸盐(PDTC)组(缺氧复氧前24h加入终浓度10u/mL rhEPO和5μg/mL PDTC)及PDTC组(缺氧复氧前24h加入终浓度5μg/mLPDTC).于缺氧复氧损伤前后观察各组心肌细胞存活率(MTT法),用流式细胞仪检测心肌细胞凋亡,EMSA检测缺氧复氧损伤前后各组心肌细胞NF-κB活性变化,RT-PCR检测损伤前后各组心肌细胞bcl-2 mRNA表达变化.结果 缺氧复氧损伤后各组细胞存活率较损伤前对照组显著降低(P<0.01),EPO组高于其余各组(P<0.01);损伤后各组心肌细胞凋亡率较损伤前显著升高(P<0.01),EPO组凋亡率低于其余各组(P<0.01);损伤前EPO组心肌细胞NF-κB活性显著高于其余各组(P<0.01),损伤后各组NF-κB活性较损伤前显著升高(P<0.01),EPO组低于其余各组(P<0.05);损伤前EPO组bcl-2mRNA表达水平显著高于其余各组(P<0.01),损伤后各组心肌细胞bcl-2mRNA表达水平均较损伤前显著升高(P<0.01),EPO组仍高于其余各组(P<0.01).结论 EPO预处理在培养心肌细胞缺氧复氧损伤中具有显著抗凋亡效应;EPO预处理心肌细胞抗凋亡保护作用与预处理过程中NF-κB活化有关;EPO预处理过程中NF-κB活化,通过上调抗凋亡基因bcl-2表达,产生抗凋亡效应.     

色满卡林对缺氧复氧致心肌细胞损伤的保护作用

目的研究色满卡林（Cromakalim,CRK）对缺氧复氧致大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞损伤的保护作用,并探讨其机制。方法用原代培养的Sprague—Dawley（SD）大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞建立缺氧2h复氧30min的损伤模型。采用乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）试剂盒测培养液中LDH的活性;采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定细胞内超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性;硫代巴比妥酸显色法测定细胞内丙二醛（MDA）含量;AV—PI双标记后应用流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡率。结果色满卡林对缺氧复氧造成的心肌细胞损伤有保护作用,表现为可以对抗缺氧复氧引起的LDH活性增加、MDA含量增加、SOD活性下降、凋亡率增加。结论色满卡林对缺氧复氧致培养大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞的损伤具有保护作用,此作用与抑制脂质过氧化、减少心肌细胞凋亡有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.