丹参素预防大鼠缺血再灌注性心律失常的实验研究

采用离体心脏灌流及冠脉结扎方法，复制大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的模型，观察丹参素对缺血再灌注性心律失常的保护作用。实验表明，离体灌注大鼠缺血期心律失常的发生率为８５．７％，主要为传导阻滞及室性早搏和室性心运过速，但无室性纤颤发生；再灌期心律失常发生率高达１００％，主要为室性早搏和室性心动过速，室性纤颤发生率为５７．１％，０．５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ异搏定和４ｍｇ／ｌ丹参素均能使大鼠血再灌注性心律失常发生率明显降     

七氟醚预处理通过改善心肌Cx43侧面化减轻缺血／再灌注性心律失常

目的探讨缝隙连接蛋白43（Cx43）侧面化在七氟醚预处理减轻离体大鼠心脏心肌缺血／再灌注性心律失常方面的作用。方法雄性Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为3组（n=8）：对照组（c组）、缺血／再灌注组（IR组）、3％七氟醚预处理组（SP组）。采用Langendorff灌注装置进行离体心脏灌注：C组持续灌注90min;IR组平衡30min,缺血30min,再灌注30min;SP组平衡10min,3％七氟醚预处理15min,洗脱5min,缺血30min,再灌注30min。记录各组的心电图,并于再灌注结束后取左心室游离壁通过免疫荧光观察Cx43的侧面化情况。结果与IR组相比,sP组的期前收缩次数明显减少（P〈0．05）,室性心动过速和心室纤颤的时程明显缩短（P〈0．05）,心室纤颤发生率降低（P〈0．05）,心律失常评分降低（P〈0．05）。Cx43的侧面化情况sP组明显优于IR组（P〈0．05）。结论七氟醚能有效减轻缺血／再灌注性心律失常的发生,其机制可能与改善Cx43的侧面化程度有关。     

芬太尼对在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心律失常的保护作用

目的 采用在体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心律失常模型，观察芬太尼对缺血再灌注心律失常的影响。方法 将３０只ＳＤ大鼠随机分为３组：对照组；１０μｇ／ｋｇ芬太尼组；３０μｇ／ｋｇ芬太尼组。股静脉给药５ｍｉｎ的工前降支７ｍｉｎ，复灌１５ｍｉｎ。结果 缺血前给芬太尼可降低血压及，减少缺血期和复灌期心律失常的发生率；２个分太尼组复灌时未见室速、室颤发生，室性早搏个数少于ＣＯＮ组。结论 本实验提示芬太尼对在体大鼠心肌     

药物预处理对离体大鼠缺血再灌注损伤心肌的保护作用

为观察药物预处理对缺血再灌注所致心肌损伤是否有保护作用，离体大鼠心脏在３０ｍｉｎ全心缺血和３０ｍｉｎ再灌注前有和０＾－７Ｍ／Ｌ去甲肾上腺素和１ｍｇ／Ｌ苯肾上腺素灌注５ｍｉｎ，随后用正常Ｋ－Ｈ液冲洗１０ｍｉｎ，结果发现，去甲肾腺素和苯肾上腺素预处理可以１）显著降低再灌注性心律失常发生率；２）增加再灌注期间的心率和冠脉回流量；３）减少心肌细胞内ＣＫ和ＬＤＨ的漏出以及抑制心肌ＭＤＡ含量的升高。结果表明，     

曲湿性二尖瓣合并主动脉瓣病变患者心房纤颤的发生率及影响因素

１００例风湿性二尖瓣合并主动脉瓣病变患者的临床ＥＣＧ分析表明，心房纤颤为最多见的心律失常（５８．４％），其次有房室传导阻滞（１８．３％），室性早搏（１３．０％），交界性早搏（３．９％）等。双瓣膜病变心房纤颤的发生率与性别、左室肥大无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。房颤发生率增高且较对照组在统计学上有显著差异的因素是：年龄较大（≥４５岁，６９．７％，Ｐ＜０．０１），病程较长（≥１０年，７３．５％，Ｐ＜０．０１）     

丹参水提物对缺血—再灌注心律失常大鼠的保护作用及机制

目的探讨丹参水提物对大鼠在体心肌缺血—再灌注性心律失常的保护作用及其机制。方法36只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham)、模型组(I/R)和丹参水提物组(1/R+DS)。I/R+DS组给予丹参水提物(1g/kg)腹腔注射预处理7 d,Sham组和I/R组给予等量生理盐水,复制大鼠缺血—再灌注心律失常模型,动态II导联心电图监测缺血15 min和再灌注5 min内室性早搏(PVBs)次数,室性心动过速(VT)出现时间、持续时间,心室颤动(VF)的发生率和大鼠病死率。伊文思蓝与红四氮唑(TTC)染色观察左心室梗死面积,蛋白免疫印迹(Weslern b1ot)法检测心室缺血区缝隙链接蛋白43(Cx43)含量的变化。结果与I/R组比较,I/R+DS缺血期和再灌期的PVBs次数减少(P<0.01),缺血期VT持续时间缩短(P<0.01),但VT首次出现的时间无明显差异,VF的发生率和大鼠病死率降低,但差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05);左心室梗死面积缩小(P<0.01);心室缺血区磷酸化Cx43(P-Cx43)升高(P<0.05)结论丹参水提物能明显改善大鼠心肌缺血,降低大鼠在体心肌缺血—再灌注致命性室性心律失常的发生率,其机制可能是通过抑制心室缺血区P-Cx43的降低。     

大鼠心肌缺血早期心律失常的规律及其与再灌性心律失常之关系

为了解大鼠心肌缺血性早期心律失常变化的规律及其与再灌性心律失常之关系，观察了大量在结扎和放松冠脉时的ＥＣＧ，发现：①缺血３０ｍｉｎ内，６２．３％出现室性心律失常的动物表现为即刻室性心律失常（ＩＶＡ）及延迟室性心律失常（ＤＶＡ）两个时相，②缺血时间与再灌注性室性心律失常的程度有关；③缺血性室性心律失常的类型与再灌注性室性心律失常的类型有关。     

镁和钾在防治大鼠心肌缺血－再灌注心律失常中的相互关系

采用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ灌注离体大鼠心脏模型，评价镁和钾在防治再灌注心律失常（ＲＡ）中的相互关系。结果显示：再灌注后所有心脏均在１ｍｉｎ内出现ＲＡ，其发生率随灌流液中Ｍｇ（２＋）和Ｋ＋浓度的升高而降低，当Ｍｇ（２＋）分别为０．４、１．２或４．８ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，其再灌注心室颤动分别为１２／１２（１００％）、４／１２（３３．３％，Ｐ＜０．０１）、２／１２（１６．７％，Ｐ＜０．０１）。再灌注后冠脉流出液中Ｋ＋和丙二醛含量较再灌注前增加的百分率均随Ｍｇ（２＋）升高而显著降低，其中Ｋ＋分别为３１％、２７％和２２％（均为Ｐ＜０．０１），丙二醛分别为４４７％、２４２％和７７％（均Ｐ为＜０．０１）。结果提示，镁通过维持细胞内Ｋ＋平衡及降低膜脂质过氧化反应，可以预防或降低ＲＡ的发生率。     

莲心碱醚类衍生物抗心律失常作用

目的:研究两种莲心碱醚类衍生物莲心碱二甲醚、莲心碱二乙醚抗心律失常作用。方法:采用哇巴因、乌头碱、CaCl2和冠状动脉再灌注等多种抗心律失常模型。结果:两种莲心碱衍生物（5mg/kg,iv）均能显著提高哇巴因致豚鼠、乌头碱致大鼠发生室性早搏（VE）、室性心动过速（VT）、心室纤颤（VF）及心脏骤停（CA）的用量;延长CaCl2诱发大鼠心律失常的出现时间,缩短存活大鼠的窦律恢复时间,减少死亡率。还能对抗心肌缺血复灌所致的大鼠心律失常。结论:两种莲心碱衍生物均有广泛的抗心律失常作用。     

心肌梗塞后,心脏停搏的前兆

学者们一致认为,心肌梗塞后,室性纤颤及室性心动过速的出现每导致心脏停搏;而室性纤颤及室性心动过速又往往以室性早搏及短促的心动过速为前兆。由此提出,及时给以药物控制心律紊乱能有效地减少室性纤颤及室性心动过速的发生率,从而避免心脏停搏的出现。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.