血管腔内技术治疗下腔静脉综合征

目的 探讨血管腔内技术治疗下腔静脉综合征的疗效。方法 2002年6月～2004年11月对17例下腔静脉综合征进行下腔静脉腔内扩张、腔内支架植入术,术后常规抗凝治疗。结果 下腔静脉压力梯度从治疗前（16.8±4.3）mmHg下降到治疗后（2.6±0.6）mm Hg（t=13.280,P=0.001）。IVCS症状评分从治疗前（4.4±1.6）分下降到治疗后（2.1±1.7）分（t=6.880,P=0.010）。下肢肿胀、阴囊或外阴浮肿、腹水和全身浮肿于术后1～4 d后减轻。结论 血管腔内技术治疗下腔静脉综合征疗效可靠。     

Inferior vena cava injury after blunt trauma: Case report

Introductioninferior vena cava IVC injury is rare with lethal outcomes, the clinical signs depends on the location and associated injuries, andt he treatment might be endovascular, surgical.Clinical caseA 25 years with no medical history was admitted to the emergency department after a car accident. After intubation and hemodynamic stabilization, the computerized tomography CT scan showed hepatic laceration with a rupture of the IVC in the retro-hepatic portion, he was admitted to the operation room for damage control laparotomy; the patient died 12 h after the operation despite appropriate management.ConclusionIVC are rare and lethal, the CT scan remains the gold standard and the evolution of endovascular techniques decreased the mortality rate.     

血管内支架在肿瘤所致下腔静脉梗阻中的应用

目的探讨恶性肿瘤所至下腔静脉梗阻植入金属支架治疗的临床价值。方法18例患者中,原发性肝癌6例,肝转移癌3例,胃癌2例,腹膜后肿物2例,肾癌3例,淋巴瘤1例,胰腺癌1例。均造成下腔静脉的完全或部分梗阻,梗阻段长度30~90 mm直径0~5 mm,采用经皮股静脉穿刺植入金属支架治疗。结果18例患者均一次手术成功,患者梗阻症状积分由4~5分降至术后0~2分两者差异显著。结论金属膨式支架可迅速缓解下腔静脉恶性梗阻患者的临床症状是有效的姑息性治疗手段,值得推广。     

Resection and reconstruction of the inferior vena cava for neoplasms

AIM: To evaluate the results of an aggressive surgical approach of resection and reconstruction of the inferior vena cava (IVC). METHODS: The approach to caval resection depends on the extent and location of tumor involvement. The supraand infra-hepatic portion of the IVC was dissected and taped. Left and right renal veins were also taped to control the bleeding. In 12 of the cases with partial tangential resection of the IVC, the flow was reduced to less than 40% so that the vein was primarily closed with a running suture. In 3 of the cases, the lumen of the vein was significantly reduced, requiring the use of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch. In 2 of the cases with segmental resection of the IVC, a PTFE prosthesis was used and in 1 case, the IVC was resected without reconstruction due to shunting the blood through the azygos and hemiazygos veins. RESULTS: The mean operation time was 266 min (230-310 min) with an average intraoperative blood loss of 300 mL (200-2000 mL). The patients stayed in intensive care unit for 1.8 d (1-3 d). Mean hospital stay was 9 d (7-15 d). Twelve patients (66.7%) had no complications and 6 patients (33.3%) had the following complications: acute bleeding in 2 patients; bile leak in 2 patients; intra abdominal abscess in 1 patient; pulmonary embolism in 2 patients; and partial thrombosis of the patch in 1 patient. General complications such as pneumonia, pleural effusion and cardiac arrest were observed in the same group of patients. In all but 1 case, the complications were transient and successfully controlled. The mortality rate was 11.1% (n = 2). One patient died due to cardiac arrest and pulmonary embolism in the operation room and the second one died 2 d after surgery due to coagulopathy. With a median follow-up of 24 mo, 5 (27.8%) patients died of tumor recurrence and 11 (61.1%) are still alive, but three of them have a recurrence on computed tomography. CONCLUSION: There are a variety of options for reconstruction after resection of the IVC that offers a higher resectable rate and better prognosis in selected cases.     

下腔静脉内平滑肌瘤病诊治分析

目的 总结下腔静脉内平滑肌瘤病的诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1998年3月至2007年4月收治的8例下腔静脉内平滑肌瘤病患者的临床资料,并随访观察其疗效.结果 8例患者中4例术前经下腔静脉造影同时取活检术前诊断为下腔静脉内平滑肌瘤病.8例患者中有1例拒绝手术治疗,14个月后猝死.接受手术治疗的7例患者术后病理示IVL,其中除1例死于术中大出血,1例术后2年复发外,其余5例无严重并发症,术后随访7～65个月,平均随访29个月,已恢复正常生活.结论 下腔静脉内平滑肌瘤病多源于子宫平滑肌瘤,是一种雌激素依赖性肿瘤.下腔静脉造影的同时取活组织检查是术前诊断下腔静脉内平滑肌瘤病的有效方法.手术切除肿瘤是惟一有效的治疗方法,同时应进行抗雌激素治疗,近期疗效满意.     

紧贴下腔静脉肝血管瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨紧贴下腔静脉（inferior vena cava,IVC）的肝血管瘤的手术治疗。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2005年9月手术切除的30例紧贴IVC的肝血管瘤的临床资料,利用第三肝门解剖法、肝静脉结扎阻断法、半肝血流阻断法3种方法,切除紧贴IVC的肿瘤。结果30例肝血管瘤均安全切除,IVC修补5例,术中出血量100～5000ml。术后无明显并发症发生。随访至今,1例血管瘤复发,其余均良好。结论把肿瘤的流入、流出道在肝外预先处理,可以减少手术的风险。术中注意肿瘤的显露,力争肿瘤的完整切除,避免流出道梗阻,肝脏创面渗血不止等紧急情况下压纱布也是一种有效的选择。     

Obstruction of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava as a complication of giant omphalocele repair

Obstruction of the inferior vena cava with resultant Budd-Chiari syndrome after giant omphalocele repair has not previously been reported. Such a case is presented. We hypothesize the mechanism of this blockage to be posterior displacement of the inferior vena cava during reduction of the viscera and closure of the anterior abdominal wall, thereby creating angulation and mechanical blockage of the inferior vena cava at the diaphragmatic hiatus.     

Leiomyosarcoma of the infra-renal inferior vena cava

Leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava (IVC) is a rare slow-growing retroperitoneal tumor. Two percent of leiomyosarcomas are vascular in origin, and tumors of the IVC account for the majority of the cases. The diagnosis is frequently delayed, because affected patients remain asymptomatic for a long period. It has an extremely poor prognosis, with 5-year actuarial malignancy-free survival rates of 30% to 50% after a wide surgical resection. The authors present the case of a patient with IVC leiomyosarcoma who underwent en bloc resection of the tumor along with the involved segment of the infrarenal IVC without caval reconstruction. Complete surgical resection offers the only potential of long-term survival, but survival of unresected patients is generally measured in months. Palliative resections may temporarily improve symptoms but do not offer long-term survival.     

超声造影在下腔静脉癌栓切除术中的应用

目的评估机器人辅助腹腔镜下腔静脉癌栓切除术中超声造影诊断癌栓是否侵犯静脉壁的临床价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心2017年10月至2019年3月收治60例肾癌合并腔静脉癌栓患者的术中超声造影表现,观察、分析超声造影特征,与术中及术后病理结果相对照,以典型术中造影模式鉴别诊断癌栓是否侵犯静脉壁,诊断试验统计其敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预告值、阴性预告值。 结果60例腔静脉癌栓患者均接受了机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性肾切除联合下腔静脉内癌栓切除术。癌栓侵犯下腔静脉壁典型的超声造影表现为癌栓与下腔静脉壁同步高增强,下腔静脉壁连续性差,癌栓未侵犯下腔静脉壁典型的超声造影表现为癌栓与下腔静脉壁之间可见造影剂通过,下腔静脉壁连续性好。以典型增强模式判断癌栓侵犯腔静脉壁的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预告值、阴性预告值为分别为93.1%、93.5%、93.3%、93.1%、93.5%。 结论术中超声造影在机器人辅助下腔静脉癌栓切除术中可以提供癌栓是否侵犯静脉壁重要信息,为手术方式的选择提供依据并可在术中及时给予术者实时信息,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤的手术治疗

目的 探讨原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤的手术治疗.方法 回顾性分析山东大学附属省立医院血管外科2009年10月-2011年5月收治的5例原发性下腔静脉平滑肌肉瘤患者,均行手术治疗,采用肿瘤及受累下腔静脉切除、人工血管重建双肾静脉及远端下腔静脉血流的术式.结果 本组5例患者平均手术时间为166.6 min,术中平均失血量为1...     

Post traumatic inferior vena cava thrombosis: A case report and review of literature

IntroductionPost traumatic inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombosis is a rare and not well described entity with nonspecific clinical presentation. It remains a therapeutic challenge in traumatic context because of haemorrhagic risk due to anticoagulation.Presentation of caseWe report a case of IVC thrombosis in an 18 year-old man who presented with liver injury following a traffic crash. The thrombosis was incidentally diagnosed on admission by computed tomography. The patient was managed conservatively without anticoagulation initially considering the increasing haemorrhagic risk. IVC filter placing was not possible because of the unusual localization of the thrombus. Unfractionated heparin was started on the third day after CT scan control showing stability of hepatic lesions with occurrence of a pulmonary embolism. The final outcome was good.DiscussionThe management of post traumatic IVC thrombosis is not well described. Medical approach consists in conservative management with anticoagulation which requires the absence of active bleeding lesions. Surgical treatment is commonly based on thrombectomy under extracorporeal circulation. Interventional vascular techniques have become an important alternative approach for the treatment of many vessel lesions. Their main advantages are the relative ease and speed with which they can be performed.ConclusionPost traumatic IVC thrombosis is a rare condition. Its management is not well defined. Early anticoagulation should be discussed on a case-by-case basis. Other alternatives such IVC filter or surgical thrombectomy may be used when the bleeding risk is increased. The most serious risk is pulmonary embolism. Outcome can be favorable even with non surgical approaches.     

Intrapericardial control of the inferior vena cava from the abdominal cavity

Vascular isolation of the liver is a useful technique in major hepatic surgery that involves hepatic veins and the inferior vena cava. In some patients, exposure of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava is suboptimal from the abdominal cavity, and extension into the chest is required. This report details technical considerations of the control of the inferior vena cava within the pericardium from the abdominal cavity, through a vertical incision in the diaphragm, and without the need for a thoracic incision. We review the clinical situations when a transdiaphragmatic, intrapericardial access of the inferior vena cava should be considered.     

Laparoscopic repair of inferior vena caval injury using a chitosan-based hemostatic dressing

Background

Vena caval injury is a rare but serious complication of laparoscopic surgery, and often requires conversion to an open procedure. The current study investigated whether a vena caval injury could be repaired with a chitosan dressing laparoscopically.

Methods

Six domestic swine were studied. A 4- to 5-mm circumferential incision was created in the inferior vena cava (IVC) and repaired laparoscopically with a chitosan dressing. Neither suture nor additional hemostatic techniques were used. The animals were killed at 30 minutes (n = 2) and at 1 week (n = 4) postoperatively for histopathological analysis.

Results

All IVC injuries were successfully repaired laparoscopically using a single chitosan dressing application without recurrent hemorrhaging. Mean operative time was 6 minutes and the blood loss was approximately 55 mL. There was no evidence of clot formation in the repaired vessels. Histology showed that the chitosan dressing had partially degenerated into small particles with moderate chronic inflammatory response 1 week after repair.

Conclusion

Use of the chitosan-based hemostatic dressing is a simple and reliable technique to control serious hemorrhage from IVC injury during laparoscopic surgery.     

Atrial septal defect with drainage of the inferior vena cava into the left atrium

Atrial septal defect (ASD) with drainage of the inferior vena cava (IVC) into the left atrium (LA) is a rare congenital anomaly. Few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a 17-year-old female with an ASD and an anomalous drainage of the IVC into the LA leading to cyanosis since early childhood. Diagnosis was documented by computed tomography (CT) angiography and confirmed intra-operatively. The patient underwent successful surgical correction with an uneventful postoperative course.     

Close relation between the inferior vena cava ligament and the caudate lobe in the human liver

Background/Purpose This study was conducted to clarify the real relation between the inferior vena cava (IVC) ligament and the caudate lobe in the human liver and also to elucidate their surgical importance in liver surgery. Methods Specimens obtained from 20 adult cadaveric livers were submitted for the study. Histological structures of the IVC ligament and its relationship to the caudate lobe and the IVC were microscopically investigated. Results The IVC ligament was a broad membranous connective tissue bridging the left and right side edges of the caval groove in which the IVC was embedded. At both edges of the caval groove, the IVC ligament was continuously transformed from the Glisson's capsules of the caudate and right lobes. The component of the portal triad, which originated from that of caudate lobe, and lymphatics were distributed in the IVC ligament without exception and ectopic hepatocytes existed in it in 4 of the 20 cases. Conclusions A close relation between the IVC ligament and the caudate lobe was confirmed. The findings suggested that the IVC ligament is a kind of degenerated hepatic tissue. When dissecting it, surgeons should manipulate it carefully to prevent unexpected bleeding and bile leakage.     

Management of hemorrhage of retro hepatic inferior vena cava injury during piggy-back technique for liver transplantation

Background  

Injury to large abdominal vessels is still one of the most terrifying results of trauma or intraoperative faults, as the management of the hemorrhage is hardly difficult due to being torrentially and unaware of the proper reparation. The controversial problem is which technique should be preferred in case of injury to RHIVC and how can it be managed with minimal risk.     

肝细胞癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗

目的 探讨肝细胞癌(简称肝癌)合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗方法。方法 采用肝切除 腔静脉取栓治疗4例肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓患者,取栓方法包括经荷栓肝静脉取栓(1例)和下腔静脉切开取栓(3例),后者又分在全肝血流阻断下取栓(2例)和在萨氏钳局部血管阻断下取栓(1例)。结果 4例肝癌及下腔静脉癌栓均得到成功切除,术中无明显并发症发生;术后除l例发生中等量胸水外,无其他并发症发生;随访中3例已死亡,分别生存30、10和14个月;1例尚存活,已生存7个月。结论 肝癌合并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗安全可行,其基本术式为肝切除 下腔静脉切开取栓。     

达芬奇机器人手术系统辅助下腔静脉滤器取出术的临床疗效

目的达芬奇机器人手术系统辅助下下腔静脉滤器取出术的临床疗效。 方法采用回顾性描述性研究方法,收集2019年7月陆军军医大学西南医院血管外科收治的亚洲首例行达芬奇机器人手术系统辅助下下腔静脉滤器取出术患者的临床资料。患者下腔静脉滤器置入术后2个月余,血管腔内技术无法取出下腔静脉中的滤器,在达芬奇机器人手术系统辅助下取出下腔静脉滤器。观察指标：术中及术后情况;随访及生存情况。采用门诊进行随访,了解患者术后生存情况。随访时间截至2019年8月。 结果患者成功行达芬奇机器人手术系统辅助下下腔静脉滤器取出术。手术时间326 min,术中出血量100 ml,完成下腔静脉滤器取出术后,下腔静脉切口吻合良好,无出血及狭窄,无术中并发症发生。患者术后住院时间3 d。随访及生存情况：患者术后随访1个月,腹部穿刺套管孔愈合良好,患者生存良好。 结论达芬奇机器人手术系统辅助下下腔静脉滤器取出术安全可行。     

The high-risk polytrauma patient and inferior vena cava filter use

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the impact on practice of vena cava filter insertion guidelines (Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma: practice management guidelines).DesignThe study was performed at a level 1 trauma centre with data from the ‘Trauma Audit and Research Network’ cross-referenced to hospital data.ResultsA total of 1138 specific ‘high-risk’ major trauma patients were identified over a 6-year period. The mean age was 46 years (18–102) and the male to female ratio was 3.3:1. The average Injury Severity Score was 23.6 (4–75). The overall DVT rate was 2.6% and the PE rate was 1.8%. A retrievable IVC filter was inserted in 42 cases (3.8%). The filter retrieval rate was 23.8% at a mean of 68.5 days (4–107). Only one complication was reported of a breakthrough PE despite filter. Applying the EAST guidelines to this cohort would have suggested filter insertion in 279 (24.6%) cases. The kappa concordance value between observed practice and the ‘EAST filter group’ was 0.103 (poor). The PE rate in the ‘EAST filter group’ was 2.2% vs 1.6% in the ‘no filter group’ (p = 0.601, no statistical difference) and the observed odds ratio was 0.814 (95% CI 0.413, 1.602).ConclusionThe EAST guidelines are useful but may be overestimating the need for filter insertion.     

Preoperative placement of retreivable inferior vena cava filters in bariatric surgery

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) is a major source of mortality after bariatric surgery. In conjunction with pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis, lower extremity pneumatic compression devices, and early ambulation, preoperative placement of a retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filter may reduce the risk of thromboembolic complications. METHODS: From June 2003 to October 2005, 652 patients underwent mini-open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Of the 652 patients, 557 were women and 95 were men. The mean patient age was 40.7 +/- 3.6 years (range 18-67), mean body mass index was 44.7 +/- 4.6 kg/m(2) (range 35-78), and mean operative time was 60.2 +/- 5.3 minutes (range 42-79). The high-risk PE group consisted of 27 patients (4.1%; 9 men and 18 women) who received preoperative retrievable IVC filters placed by the interventional radiology staff 2 hours before bypass surgery. Their mean age was 47 +/- 4.4 years (range 31-66) and mean body mass index 48.7 +/- 4.2 kg/m(2) (range 38-75). The indications for filter placement were previous deep vein thrombosis/PE, thrombophlebitis, a hypercoagulable state, pulmonary hypertension, an inability to ambulate, a body mass index >65 kg/m(2), and the presence of severe sleep apnea. The filters were removed 18.2 +/- 2 days (range 15-21) postoperatively. RESULTS: All 27 patients who received a prophylactic IVC filter tolerated the procedure well, without major complications. One retrievable filter was not removed because of prolonged hospitalization secondary to small bowel obstruction. No thromboembolic complications occurred in this high-risk group. CONCLUSION: Preoperative placement of retrievable IVC filters is a safe measure for the prophylaxis of PE in high-risk bariatric patients. The filters can be placed efficiently just before surgery, and most filters can be removed 2-3 weeks postoperatively. Additional investigation is necessary to prove the effectiveness of retrievable IVC filters in bariatric surgery.