僵硬性脊柱侧凸前、后路松解效果的比较

目的:比较前、后路松解在僵硬性脊柱侧凸分期治疗中的效果,分析前、后路松解的手术适应证。方法:79例僵硬性脊柱侧凸患者(均为先天性或特发性脊柱侧凸患者),分别一期行脊柱前路或后路松解,头颅骨盆环牵引2～5周,平均18d,二期行矫形内固定术。前路松解组40例,其中先天性脊柱侧凸18例,特发性脊柱侧凸22例。后路松解组39例,其中先天性脊柱侧凸19例,特发性脊柱侧凸20例。对两组患者松解术前、术后Cobb角及脊柱畸形改善率、手术时间和手术并发症进行分析比较。结果:前路松解组先天性脊柱侧凸患者的Cobb角由101°矫正至61°,特发性脊柱侧凸由96°矫正至53°;后路组先天性脊柱侧凸由106°矫正至78°,特发性脊柱侧凸由89°矫正至63°,脊柱畸形改善率前路松解优于后路松解(P<0.05)。两组的手术时间、手术并发症均无显著性差异。结论:前路松解的脊柱畸形改善率明显优于后路松解,前路松解更适合于僵硬性脊柱侧凸的一期松解,不适合行前路松解的患者可选择后路松解。     

牵引结合后路手术治疗重度脊柱侧凸的疗效分析

[目的]探讨Halo-股骨髁上牵引结合后路矫形对柔韧性30%～40%的重度脊柱侧凸患者的疗效.[方法]对2000年1月～2006年6月治疗的41例柔韧性30%～40%重度脊柱侧凸患者,按照是否行牵引治疗分为两组.牵引组A组 22例,主侧凸平均Cobb' s角91.2°;对照组B组 19例,主侧凸平均Cobb' s角87.5°.[结果]两组无严重神经系统并发症.A组平均牵引18 d(14～22 d)后主侧凸平均矫正46%,14例肺功能减退患者均改善.两组均行一期后路松解三维矫形术,术后C7～S1偏移值、顶椎偏移矫正A组优于B组.A组主侧凸平均矫正55.2°,B组45.7°,A组优于B组 (P<0.05). A组平均随访40个月, B组平均随访42个月,末次随访两组平均冠状面矫正丢失分别为3°、2.4°,矢状面无丢失,两组均获骨性融合.[结论]对于柔韧性30%～40%的重度脊柱侧凸,术前Halo-股骨髁上牵引可改善肺功能,结合牵引下后路松解矫形术可以获得更好的畸形矫正和躯干平衡,减少术中术后并发症. )后主侧凸平均矫正46%,14例肺功能减退患者均改善.两组均行一期后路松解三维矫形术,术后C_7～S_1偏移值、顶椎偏 矫正A组优于B组.A组主侧凸平均矫正55.2°,B组45.7°,A组优于B组 (P<0.05). A组平均随访40个月, B组平均随访42个月,末次随访两组平均冠状面矫正丢失分别为3°、2.4°,矢状面无丢失,两组均获骨性融合.[结论]对于柔韧性30%～40%的重度脊柱侧凸,术前Halo-股骨髁上牵引可改善肺功能,结合牵引下后路松解矫形术可以获得更好的畸形矫正和躯干平衡,减少术中术后并发症. )后主侧凸平均矫正46%,14例肺功能减退患者均改善.两组均行一期后路松解三     

Halo-股骨髁上牵引对重度脊柱侧凸后路矫形的影响

目的探讨Halo-股骨髁上牵引对重度先天性脊柱侧凸及特发性脊柱侧凸患者后路矫形效果的影响。方法选取60例重度脊柱侧凸患者分为先天性脊柱侧凸组及特发性脊柱侧凸组,每组30例。CS组术前平均冠状面Cobb角、胸椎后凸分别为95．7°及70．2°。IS患者术前平均冠状面Cobb角、胸椎后凸为91．6°及50．6°。平均随访38个月。结果60例患者平均牵引23d,平均牵引重量16kg。IS组患者Halo牵引及后路矫形术后侧凸矫正率分别达39．3％、57．5％,胸椎后凸平均矫正33．7％。CS组Halo牵引及后路矫形术后侧凸矫正率分别达35．3％、45．2％,胸椎后凸平均矫正43．5％。两组患者后路矫形术后侧凸及后凸矫正率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。4例患者在牵引过程中并发臂丛神经麻痹,神经功能均在2个月内获得完全恢复。结论Halo-股骨髁上牵引可大幅提高脊柱侧凸尤其是特发性脊柱侧凸畸形矫正疗效。     

大重量Halo-股骨髁上牵引辅助一期后路手术治疗重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效

[目的]探讨大重量Halo-股骨髁上牵引辅助一期后路手术治疗重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸的可行性及临床疗效。[方法]2007年1月²012年2月本院实施587例脊柱侧弯矫形术,对其中行Halo-股骨髁上牵引治疗且临床资料完整的35例重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸患者进行回顾性分析。[结果]随访142012年2月本院实施587例脊柱侧弯矫形术,对其中行Halo-股骨髁上牵引治疗且临床资料完整的35例重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸患者进行回顾性分析。[结果]随访14⁷2个月(平均42个月)。Halo-股骨髁上牵引治疗结束后侧凸Cobb角平均(49±11)°,与术前冠状面Cobb角相比,差异具有统计学意义;侧凸纠正率达平均(40.9±9.3)%。后路矫形术后侧凸Cobb角与术前冠状面Cobb角相比,差异具有统计学意义;侧凸矫正率为平均(52.6±8.2)%。术后矢状面后凸Cobb角为(34±10)°,与术前矢状面后凸Cobb角相比,差异具有统计学意义;后凸矫正率平均(51.9±9.3)%。末次随访时冠状面Cobb角平均达(37.6±12)°,与术前冠状面Cobb角相比,差异具有统计学意义;矢状面后凸Cobb角平均(33±10)°,与术前矢状面后凸Cobb角相比,差异具有统计学意义。躯干移位经牵引后从平均(12.5±3.8)mm矫形至(6.94±4.6)mm,平均改善65.7%。1例患者牵引过程中Halo松动,予以更换,无其他明显牵引并发症发生。矫形术后无瘫痪、死亡等并发症,所有患者均未出现内固定松动或断裂。[结论]Halo-股骨髁上牵引在治疗重度僵硬型非特发性脊柱侧凸中是一种安全有效的治疗方案,结合单纯一期后路矫形手术,可大幅度提高重度非特发性脊柱侧凸畸形矫正疗效。     

改良Halo-骨盆架在重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸矫形中的应用及牵引能力评价

[目的]探讨改良Halo-骨盆牵引架在重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸矫形过程中的牵引能力,评价该方法的应用价值及主要优点.[方法]对本科2004年1月～2008年3月重度僵硬性特发性脊柱侧凸病例进行回顾性分析.23例患者,男7例,女16例;年龄13～27岁,平均16.8岁.治疗前冠状位主侧凸角为68°～115° (91.8°±12.6°),矢状位胸椎后凸角48°～86°(69.5°13.5°).治疗过程分三期进行.一期:完善相关检查后即安装改良Halo一骨盆架,逐步增加牵引力,直至患者不能耐受止;二期:在持续牵引下行前路松解术,术后继续加大牵引力度至理想效果或患者不能耐受止;三期:进行后路矫形内固定手术并去除头盆环牵引.本组患者平均随访18.5个月,对不同时期脊柱侧凸角及后凸角等矫形情况进行比较分析.[结果]本组患者住院时间26～39 (31.2±4.7) d.一期牵引后侧凸角矫正率30.8%%,后凸角矫正率 21.9%;二期牵引后侧凸角矫正率49.3%,后凸角矫正率37.7%.经后路矫形内固定手术后脊柱畸形进一步改善,侧凸及后凸角矫正率分别为66.4%和54.5%.随访时发现矫形有轻微丢失,但P>0.05.[结论]改良Halo-骨盆架能有效地对重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸进行牵引矫形,该弹性持续牵引增加了患者舒适感和耐受性.结合前路松解、后路椎弓根固定矫形,整个治疗过程能够有效地避免神经系统和呼吸系统并发症的发生,增加矫形效果.     

术前大质量Halo-股骨髁上牵引在治疗僵硬型特发性脊柱侧凸中的应用

目的 探讨术前快速大质量Halo-股骨髁上牵引在治疗僵硬型特发性脊柱侧凸中的应用价值.方法 对2003年7月至2006年5月行术前快速大质量Halo-股骨髁上牵引治疗且临床资料完整的16例僵硬型特发性脊柱侧凸患者进行回顾性分析.其中男性4例,女性12例;年龄12～20岁,平均16岁,术前冠状面Cobb角平均111°,胸椎后凸(T_(5～12))平均64°.术前行Halo-双侧股骨髁上牵引,最大质量(可达体质量的1/2)牵引2～3周后,行后路矫形内固定融合术.对术前Bending像、牵引后和术后侧凸纠正率进行比较.结果 随访12～60个月(平均36个月).最大牵引质量平均19 kg,为体质量的35%～56%.1例患者在牵引12 d后出现右侧臂丛神经麻痹,减轻牵引质量后逐渐恢复.矫形术后无瘫痪、死亡等并发症,无呼吸衰竭的发生.术前平卧位Bending像X线片的侧凸纠正率平均18.7%,Halo-股骨髁上牵引后侧凸纠正率平均达31.9%.与Bending像相比,牵引后侧凸纠正率提高了13.2%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).后路矫形术后侧凸矫正率平均为48.6%,胸椎后凸矫正率平均为51.9%.末次随访时冠状面矫正丢失率平均为2.0%,矢状面矫正丢失率平均为5.8%.结论 术前短时间大质量Halo-股骨髁上牵引结合后路广泛松解可改善僵硬型特发性脊柱侧凸畸形矫形率,但应注意与牵引相关的并发症.     

前路和后路手术治疗胸腰段特发性脊柱侧凸的临床研究

[目的]对照性研究前路和后路手术治疗青少年胸腰段特发性脊柱侧凸的手术效果.[方法]按照同一标准,从1998年1月～2006年1月手术治疗的231例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸中选出胸腰段脊柱侧凸61例.A组前路手术28例.B组后路手术33例.[结果]随访2～6年(平均 3.5年).手术时间A组4.5 h±0.8 h,B组3.1 h±1.0 h(P＜0.01 ).出血量A组1 400 ml±350 ml,B组1 100 ml±230 ml(P＜0.05 ).术后引流量A组380 ml±190 ml,B组250 ml±150 ml(P＜0.05 ).固定节段A组4.5±0.6个椎体,B组7.1±1.2个椎体(P＜0.01 ).平均矫正率A组75%,B组74%(P＞0.05).剃刀背矫正度A组3.8°±2.4°,B组4.1°±2.6°(P＞0.05).2年后矫正度平均丢失A组4.3°±1.4°,B组5.4°±2.1°(P＞0.05).随访2年无假关节及内固定失败病例.术后交界性后凸角B组发生率高(P＜0.01 ).[结论]畸形的矫正、剃刀背的改善、矫正度的丢失前路和后路相当.后路手术损伤小、出血少,术后引流量少.后路手术容易产生PJK.     

改良Halo-骨盆架分期牵引治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的疗效分析

目的：探讨改良Halo-骨盆架分期牵引联合手术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法：自2004年1月至2010年5月治疗50例重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸患者,男23例,女27例;年龄4～16岁,平均10.8岁;先天性脊柱侧凸24例（分节不良11例,形成障碍7例,混合型6例）,特发性脊柱侧凸26例。采用改良Halo-骨盆架分期牵引联合手术治疗：Ⅰ期术前牵引,Ⅱ期松解牵引,Ⅲ期牵引矫形内固定。对治疗前后患者身高、侧凸Cobb角、后凸Cobb角及矫正率进行观察。结果：患者身高由治疗前平均（152.1±11.1）cm矫正至（158.5±10.5）cm,侧凸Cobb角由平均（91.8±14.5）°矫正至（30.8±7.9）°,后凸Cobb角由平均（69.5±14.0）°矫正至（31.6±10.1）°。Ⅰ期术前牵引后侧凸、后凸Cobb角平均矫正率分别为（30.4±6.6）%、（22.3±5.2）%;Ⅱ期松解牵引后侧凸、后凸Cobb角平均矫正率分别为（26.7±5.1）%、（21.2±6.0）%;Ⅲ期牵引矫形内固定后侧凸、后凸Cobb角平均矫正率分别为（33.7±7.2）%、（27.1±5.3）%（矫正率参照的基准Cobb角是上一期治疗的Cobb角）;分期牵引联合手术治疗的侧凸、后凸Cobb角平均矫正率分别为（66.5±7.2）%、（55.1±6.4）%。各期治疗前后患者身高、侧凸Cobb角、后凸Cobb角及矫正率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：采用改良Halo-骨盆架分期牵引联合手术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸,可获得良好的畸形矫正和躯干平衡,并能减少术中、术后并发症,具有临床可操作性。     

重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸的一期后路Ponte截骨置钉二期后路矫形术

 目的 探讨一期后路Ponte截骨置钉二期后路矫形在治疗重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸中的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2010年6月至2012年12月接受一期后路Ponte截骨二期后路矫形治疗的Cobb角大于100°的僵硬型脊柱侧凸患者24例,男9例,女15例;年龄14~30岁,平均（21.4±4.1）岁。术前冠状面主弯Cobb角106°~156°,平均125.8°;后凸角59°~141°,平均100.1°。一期后路Ponte截骨松解、置钉,术后Halo-股骨髁上牵引,再行二期后路置棒矫形融合术。比较术前站立位、后路松解牵引后仰卧位、术后及末次随访的冠状面主弯Cobb角。结果 术前仰卧Bending位主弯侧凸柔韧性为14.8%±7.5%;后路松解牵引后主弯侧凸柔韧性为29.1%±9.9%;较术前平均提高14.3%,差异有统计学意义。后路矫形术后主弯Cobb角平均74.4°±14.5°,矫正率平均41.0%±8.1%;与术前仰卧Bending位和松解牵引后比较矫正率分别提高了26.2%和11.9%,差异有统计学意义。术后随访15~36个月,平均（24.0±5.9）个月。末次随访时主弯Cobb角平均丢失1.4°。术后后凸角平均53.0°±13.7°,较术前（100.1°±23.7°）明显改善,矫正率平均46.1%±11.9%,末次随访时无矫正丢失。牵引中1例发生左侧股骨髁上钉道感染,2例发生左下肢静脉血栓。结论 后路Ponte截骨松解+Halo-股骨髁上牵引能够使重度僵硬型脊柱侧凸患者获得满意的矫正率,但应注意下肢静脉血栓形成的风险。     

胸腔镜辅助下治疗特发性脊柱侧凸

[目的]评价胸腔镜下前路松解,前路或后路矫形治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。[方法]回顾本院自2003年7月~2005年12月施行的11例胸腔镜辅助下前路松解,前路或后路矫形治疗特发性脊柱侧凸病例。年龄12~16岁,平均14.6岁。LenkeⅠ型9例,术前冠状面Cobb s角54°~68°,平均59.7°;LenkeⅢ型2例,术前冠状面Cobb s角分别为58°和71°,平均64.5°。Bending X线片侧凸矫正率为21.8%~32.4%,平均26.4%。对11例患者在胸腔镜辅助下,采用等离子冷消融切除椎间盘松解,前或后路矫正。对手术后及随访时,冠状面和矢状面的Cobb s角进行测量,并对手术时间,术中出血量,围手术期并发症及矫正丢失等进行分析。[结果]平均手术时间290 min,平均术中出血171 ml。松解节段5~7个,平均4.4个。9例LenkeⅠ型术后Cobb s角平均20.4°,Cobb s角矫正率平均65.8%;2例LenkeⅢ型术后Cobb s角分别为20°和25°,Cobb s角矫正率平均65.1%;1例术后包裹性胸腔积液,术后平均随访18.6个月;1例出现矫正度丢失14°,无神经系统及血管损伤并发症。[结论]与传统开胸前路胸椎侧凸矫形手术相比,胸腔镜辅助下胸椎松解前后路矫形治疗脊柱侧凸是安全有效的微创手术,可达到与开胸手术同样效果。     

Ponte截骨与SPO截骨联合后路全椎弓根螺钉系统矫正僵硬性青少年特发性胸椎侧凸的疗效比较

[目的]对Ponte截骨与Smith-Petersen截骨(SPO截骨)治疗僵硬性青少年特发性胸椎侧凸的临床疗效及影像学结果进行回顾性比较。[方法]2007年5月～2009年3间收治的单纯后路全椎弓根螺钉系统矫正僵硬性青少年特发性胸椎侧凸的手术病例58例,其中36例行SPO截骨,22例行Ponte截骨。通过影像学检查对两组的手术效果和躯干平衡情况进行分析,末次随访时用中文版SRS-22量表进行患者的健康生存质量评价。[结果]两组患者的性别比例、手术时年龄、Risser征、融合节段数、置钉密度、术前冠状面胸主弯Cobb角无显著性意义(P>0.05)。Ponte截骨组的术后3个月冠状面胸主弯Cobb角矫正率明显大于SPO截骨组,分别为67.1%和56%(P<0.05)。末次随访时两组矫正率得到很好的维持,分别为61%和50.5%(P<0.05)。两组的术前、术后腰椎代偿性次弯Cobb角无显著性差异。两组的术前胸椎后凸Cobb角分别为20.6±8.5°和22.3±10.5°,术后3个月胸椎后凸角SPO截骨组比术前平均增加1.2°,Ponte截骨组比术前平均丢失1.4°,末次随访SPO截骨组胸椎后凸角比术前平均增加1.9°,Pon-te截骨组比术前平均丢失2.9°,两组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组的次要并发症无显著性差异(P>0.05),两组均未发生主要并发症。[结论]多节段Ponte截骨能提高僵硬性青少年特发性胸椎侧凸冠状面胸主弯Cobb角的手术矫正率,并不增加并发症的发生率,而且能提供更多的局部自体植骨量、增加植骨融合面积。     

术前支具治疗对女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者手术矫形效果的影响

目的:分析术前支具治疗对女性青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者手术矫形效果的影响。方法 :筛选2001年7月~2009年12月在我院接受单一后路矫形内固定手术治疗的女性青少年特发性主胸弯脊柱侧凸患者70例,其中术前接受支具治疗组(A组)26例;未接受支具治疗组(B组)44例。两组发现畸形年龄、术时年龄、术前主胸弯冠状面Cobb角、凸侧Bending像Cobb角、侧凸柔韧性、手术融合椎体数比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05),A、B组随访时间超过1年者分别为23例和34例,随访时间分别为12~101个月(平均37.7个月)、12~87个月(平均28.7个月),两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。比较两组患者的手术矫形效果。结果:A组与B组患者术前主胸弯冠状面Cobb角分别为52.8°±8.3°和54.0°±10.7°,术后分别矫正到12.3°±7.3°和11.5°±8.1°,术后较术前均明显改善(P<0.01),主胸弯矫形率分别为(77.0±12.6)%和(79.3±11.9)%,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);末次随访时主胸弯冠状面Cobb角分别为16.7°±8.4°和15.4°±7.2°,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),主胸弯矫形率分别为(68.8±14.5)%和(70.5±13.0)%,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。A、B组患者术前主胸弯顶椎偏距分别为41.4±14.3mm和36.8±13.7mm,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),术后分别被矫正到10.4±5.4mm和7.2±5.6mm,B组优于A组(P<0.05);末次随访时分别为14.4±11.3mm和12.1±8.5mm,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。A、B组患者术前、术后、末次随访时冠状面失平衡的发生比例分别为15.4%(4/26)和9.1%(4/44),15.4%(4/26)和15.9%(7/44),4.3%(1/23)和8.8%(3/34),两组比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。A、B组患者术前主胸弯矢状面Cobb角分别为12.9°±11.1°和18.7°±11.3°,A组胸后凸更小(P<0.05),术后主胸弯矢状面Cobb角分别被矫正到18.0°±6.3°和22.3°±7.8°,矫正度分别为5.0°±9.8°和3.6°±12.6°,两组矫正度比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);末次随访时A、B组患者主胸弯矢状面Cobb角分别为20.0°±6.7°和22.4°±7.7°,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:术前支具治疗对女性青少年特发性主胸弯脊柱侧凸患者手术矫形效果未产生明显影响。     

Efficacy of perioperative halo-gravity traction for treatment of severe scoliosis (≥100°)

Background

There have been no standardized surgical options for severe scoliotic curvatures ≥100°. Halo-gravity traction is a viable option for surgical treatment of severe scoliosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of perioperative halo-gravity traction for scoliosis curves ≥100° with respect to radiographic outcomes and clinical complications.

Methods

A total of 21 scoliosis patients with ≥100° curves (average 118.7°; range 100°-158°) with a minimum 2-year follow-up (average 41.8 months; range 24.0-97.0 months) who underwent spinal instrumented fusion using perioperative halo-gravity traction were analyzed. Diagnoses were neuromuscular scoliosis (n = 10), idiopathic (n = 9), and congenital (n = 2). In all, 15 patients were treated by the anterior release procedure followed by final posterior fusion and 6 patients by posterior fusion alone. Six patients had only preoperative traction preceding posterior fusion alone, 6 patients only staged traction between anterior release and final posterior fusion, and 9 patients had both preoperative traction preceding anterior release and staged traction preceding final posterior fusion. The average overall traction period in all patients was 67 days (range 10–78 days).

Results

Radiographic outcomes demonstrated 51.3% correction of the major Cobb angle, 40 mm correction of apical vertebral translation, 76 mm increase of T1-S1 length, and 20.7% increase of space available for lungs at the ultimate follow-up (all comparisons P < 0.05). Preoperative traction demonstrated 27.5% correction of the major curve Cobb angle, 51.5 mm increase of T1-S1 length, 14.9% increase of space available for the lungs (all comparisons P < 0.05). Staged traction after anterior release demonstrated 37.2% correction of the major curve Cobb angle, 26.1 mm correction of apical vertebral translation, 56.5 mm increase of T1-S1 length, 14.2% increase of space available for the lungs (all comparisons P < 0.05). There were only two patients with a pin-site problem, and one required débridement. There were no neurological deficits or clinical complications.

Conclusions

Scoliosis patients with ≥100° curves can be managed successfully by corrective fusion surgery concomitant with perioperative halo-gravity traction without significant complications.     

低骨密度对Lenke Ι型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者手术疗效的影响

目的:探讨低骨密度对LenkeⅠ型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,AIS)患者后路矫形内固定术后矫形疗效的可能影响。方法:选取2007年6月～2008年8月在南京鼓楼医院脊柱外科行后路椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定融合术的LenkeⅠ型AIS女性患者37例,年龄11~17岁(14.3±1.3岁),术前Cobb角40°~66°(48.9°±6.7°)。术后随访12~36个月,平均20.8±7.4个月。术前均接受双能X线吸收骨密度仪扫描测定骨密度,根据股骨颈骨密度Z值将AIS患者分为骨密度正常组(Z值>-1.0)与骨密度减低组(Z值≤-1.0),分别测量两组患者术前、术后早期(术后3个月)及末次随访时的主弯Cobb角、胸椎后凸角(TK)、腰椎前凸角(LL)、冠状位顶椎偏移(AVT)、C7中垂线与骶骨中线的距离(C7-CSVL)和C7中垂线与骶骨后上缘的距离(SVA),比较两组间的差异。结果:37例患者中,15例骨密度正常(骨密度正常组),22例骨密度减低(骨密度减低组)。两组患者术前平均年龄、Risser征、内固定节段数、置入物密度及术后随访时间均无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组术前平均Cobb角、AVT和C7-CSVL无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术后3个月及末次随访时两组平均Cobb角和平均矫正率、末次随访时平均矫正丢失及矫正丢失率无显著性差异(P>0.05);术后3个月及末次随访时两组平均AVT、C7-CSVL无统计学差异(P>0.05);C7-CSVL改变亦无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组术前、术后3个及末次随访时的平均TK、LL、SVA均无显著性差异(P>0.05),SVA改变亦无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:低骨密度状态对LenkeⅠ型AIS患者后路矫形内固定融合术的疗效无明显影响。     

应用头颅-骨盆环牵引辅助后路截骨治疗重度脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床效果

目的探讨应用头颅-骨盆环牵引辅助后路截骨矫形治疗重度脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床效果。方法回顾分析2014年3月至2018年3月贵州省骨科医院脊柱外科收治的重度脊柱侧后凸畸形患者32例的临床资料。其中男14例,女18例,年龄(17.5±4.8)(14~23)岁。均行Halo骨盆牵引后后路截骨矫形手术治疗。牵引力取患者可承受的极限,牵引时间为(3.2±0.6)(3~4)周,后行后路截骨内固定融合术。对患者治疗前左右侧屈位、牵引后和术后的侧后凸矫正率进行比较。采用SPSS 24.0软件对数据进行统计学处理。结果32例患者均顺利完成手术。行经椎弓根椎体截骨(pedicle subtraction osteotomy,PSO)或邻椎截骨12例、Smith-Petersen截骨(Smith-Petersen osteotomy,SPO)或Ponte截骨20例。未见脊髓与神经损伤并发症发生。治疗前脊柱冠状面Cobb角为(136.8±38.0)°(96°~172°),矢状面Cobb角为(90.4±24.0)°(45°~125°)。患者平卧左右侧屈位侧凸矫正率为(8.9±3.2)%,Halo骨盆牵引后侧凸矫正率为(37.6±4.3)%,后路截骨矫形术后侧凸矫正率为(68.7±4.8)%;牵引后矢状面侧凸矫正率为(30.7±5.6)%,后路矫形术后矢状面侧凸矫正率(60.6±4.3)%;各时间点差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论应用Halo头颅-骨盆牵引辅助后路截骨矫形治疗重度脊柱侧后凸畸形患者,可预测矫形效果,简化手术,降低操作难度,提高畸形矫正率,安全有效。     

Apical instrumentation alters the rotational correction in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the effect of apical vertebral instrumentation in the axial plane in the surgical treatment of idiopathic scoliosis. Seventy-six consecutive patients with King type II idiopathic scoliosis, treated with posterior spinal instrumentation, were included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 14.5 years (range 10-18 years), and the mean follow-up was 49 (range 28-74) months. Preoperative radiological evaluation was performed with postero-anterior, lateral, traction and side-bending radiographs. Vertebral rotation was measured with a Perdriolle torsion meter. Patients were retrospectively divided into two groups according to the presence of apical vertebra instrumentation. Group 1 consisted of 43 patients in whom the upper and lower neutral and intermediate vertebrae of thoracic curves had been instrumented on the concave side. Group 2 consisted of 33 patients who had received instrumentation of the apical vertebra on the concave side in addition to the instrumentation configuration of group 1. Posterior fusion was added in all patients. Cobb and Perdriolle measurements were compared between the two groups preoperatively and at the last follow-up. Preoperative age and gender distribution, Cobb angle and rotational measurements, and correction ratios on side-bending films were similar in the two groups. Although the differences between the two groups in preoperative mean values of both Cobb angle and apical rotation were not statistically significant (P>0.05), mean values of apical rotation were significantly different postoperatively (P<0.05). At the same time, apical derotation ratios differed significantly between the two groups (P=0.000). We conclude that instrumentation of the apical vertebra provides better derotation at the apex.     

Vertebral decancellation for severe scoliosis

STUDY DESIGN: The results of staged surgery including vertebral decancellation were reviewed retrospectively for 21 patients with severe scoliosis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefits and limitations of vertebral decancellation as new anterior surgical procedure. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The curvatures of severe scoliosis are often very rigid, and surgical correction using the anterior or posterior approach may not achieve the desired correction. Some studies reported neurologic complications might appear due to the aggressive approach or excessive correction force. METHODS: Twenty-one patients (average age, 17.0 years) with severe scoliosis, in whom Cobb angle was over 80 degrees (average angle, 107 degrees), underwent staged anterior and posterior spinal reconstruction. Vertebral decancellation was performed as anterior procedure, and until posterior instrumentation, halo traction was carried out. The transition of curvatures in coronal and sagittal planes was assessed in this series. RESULTS: The average correction rate of lateral curvature at the final follow-up was 46%. The average loss of correction was 2.5 degrees. Kyphosis, measured between T5 and T12, changed from 41 degrees to 36 degrees. Lordosis, measured between L1 and S1, changed from 56 degrees to 45 degrees. Transient neurologic deficit was seen in one case after vertebral decancellation. CONCLUSIONS: Staged surgery including vertebral decancellation is an effective surgical method for patients with severe scoliosis, where an inflexible rigid curve or the risk of occurrence of neurologic complications due to temporary correction may exist.     

Combined anterior and posterior instrumentation in severe and rigid idiopathic scoliosis

A prospective clinical and radiographic evaluation of 33 consecutive patients with severe and rigid idiopathic scoliosis (average Cobb angle 93°, flexibility on bending films 23%) were treated with combined anterior and posterior instrumentation with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. All patients underwent anterior release and VDS-Zielke Instrumentation of the primary curve. In highly rigid scoliosis, this was preceded by a posterior release. Finally, posterior correction and fusion with a multiple hook and pedicle screw construct was performed. Thirty patients were operated in one stage, three patients in two stages. Preoperative curves ranged from 80 to 122° Cobb angle. Frontal plane correction of the primary curve averaged 67% with an average loss of correction of 2°. The apical vertebral rotation of the primary curve was corrected by 49%. In all but three patients, sagittal alignment was restored. There were no neurological complications, deep wound infections or pseudarthrosis. Combined anterior and posterior instrumentation is safe and enables an effective three-dimensional curve correction in severe and rigid idiopathic scoliosis.