瘦素及胰岛素拮抗与多囊卵巢综合征不孕症相关性研究

目的 分析多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血清瘦素水平及其与胰岛素抵抗的相关性,探讨二甲双胍对PCOS不孕患者的临床疗效.方法 选取86例PCOS患者和100例非PCOS健康体检者为研究对象,均分为肥胖患者和非肥胖者,调查BMI、血清瘦素、FPG、胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗指数(IR),并分析其相关性.PCOS患者随机分为A组和B组(二甲双胍治疗组),观察二甲双胍对PCOS不孕患者的临床疗效.结果 PCOS患者血清瘦素、胰岛素水平和IR均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001).PCOS患者中胰岛素抵抗者的瘦素水平显著高于非胰岛素抵抗者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);瘦素水平与BMI、胰岛素和IR均呈正相关(P<0.05),与FPG无明显相关性(P>0.05).B组患者排卵率(58.1%)、妊娠率(25.6%)明显高于A组(分别为27.9%、9.3%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PCOS患者瘦素和胰岛素水平均明显升高,瘦素水平升高是肥胖的内在表现,胰岛素抵抗与瘦素抵抗可同时存在,血清瘦素与BMI、胰岛素和IR呈明显正相关.二甲双胍可显著提高PCOS不孕患者的排卵率和妊娠率.     

启东乙型肝炎干预研究:2013年随访人群HBV感染及慢性肝病现患调查

目的 分析新生儿接种乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗人群在达到婚配年龄后罹患慢性乙肝、肝硬化的远期保护作用。方法 2013年1-10月采用横断面调查方法,对启东乙肝干预研究(QHBIS)的研究对象分层随机抽样,并行ALT、HBV感染血清学标志物(HBsAg、HBeAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc、抗-HBe)检测及肝胆B超检查。计算HBV感染血清学标志物各指标的阳性率,慢性乙肝及肝硬化的患病率,疫苗组及对照组人群按性别分层后, χ²检验比较各组间率的差异。结果 共获得新生儿乙肝疫苗接种组(疫苗组)4 421人和对照组3 880人,平均年龄分别为(25.59±1.84)岁和(26.61±2.24)岁。疫苗组HBsAg、单独抗-HBs、抗-HBc、HBeAg、抗-HBe阳性率分别为2.38%、37.73%、3.78%、0.57%、2.15%,对照组分别为9.02%、29.41%、16.83%、2.73%、8.87%,两组间血清学标志物各指标的差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。疫苗组慢性乙肝活动期、肝纤维化及肝硬化患病率分别为0.45%和0.16%,对照组分别为1.29%和0.39%,组间差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。按性别分层后,疫苗组男性慢性乙肝活动期患病率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);在对照组,不管是慢性乙肝活动期患病率还是肝纤维化及肝硬化患病率,男性均高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 新生儿接种乙肝疫苗对慢性HBV感染的保护作用可延长至婚配年龄后,而不同性别人群慢性乙肝与肝硬化现患保护作用的差异值得进一步研究。     

利奈唑胺和万古霉素治疗化脓性脊柱炎的疗效、安全与经济性比较

目的 比较万古霉素与利奈唑胺治疗化脓性脊柱炎的有效性、安全性和经济性。 方法 回顾性分析某三级医院2019年1月—2022年12月骨科收治的使用万古霉素或利奈唑胺治疗的化脓性脊柱炎患者120例病历资料。其中使用万古霉素者71例(万古霉素组), 使用利奈唑胺者49例(利奈唑胺组), 收集两组患者的炎性指标、不良反应、抗菌药物治疗时间及抗菌药物总费用的资料, 比较两组患者治疗的有效性、安全性及经济性。 结果 万古霉素组和利奈唑胺组两组患者治疗后白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)均低于治疗前, 差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);两组患者治疗后的上述指标比较, 差异无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);抗菌药物治疗时间和不良反应发生率比较, 差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);而利奈唑胺组患者抗菌药物总费用低于万古霉素组, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。 结论 利奈唑胺治疗化脓性脊柱炎的有效性、安全性与万古霉素相当, 经济性优于万古霉素。     

多学科协作模式在医院抗菌药物管理中的应用

目的 探索多学科协作(MDT)模式在医院抗菌药物管理中的应用效果。 方法 采用回顾性分析方法收集某院2021年1月—2022年12月住院患者使用抗菌药物的相关资料, 2021年1—12月采取常规管理模式(对照组), 2022年1—12月采取MDT管理模式(干预组)。比较两组患者抗菌药物治疗相关指标。 结果 采取MDT管理模式后, 干预组治疗性抗菌药物使用前病原学送检率(73.62%)高于对照组(70.56%), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。医院感染诊断相关病原学送检率对照组为87.98%, 干预组为88.89%, 两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。干预组重点药物联合使用前病原学送检率(93.94%)高于对照组(92.00%), 差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。住院患者抗菌药物使用率和Ⅰ类切口手术预防性抗菌药物使用率下降, 分别由原来的38.03%、21.03%下降至32.78%、10.30%, 差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。干预组住院患者的抗菌药物使用量和使用强度均下降。干预后多重耐药菌(MDRO)集束化防控措施落实率均较对照组提高, 差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。MDRO检出率由34.70%下降至32.37%, 差异有统计学意义(P=0.027), MDRO例次感染率无明显变化。 结论 MDT管理模式可以有效提高抗菌药物的规范化管理, 促进临床合理使用抗菌药物, 防止细菌耐药。     

糖皮质激素治疗中型新型冠状病毒感染高龄老年患者62例临床疗效回顾性研究

目的 探讨小剂量短疗程糖皮质激素治疗中型新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)高龄老年患者的疗效。 方法 回顾性调查2022年12月9日—2023年2月9日某院收治的≥80岁中型COVID-19患者的临床资料。按入院后是否静脉使用小剂量糖皮质激素,分为未使用激素组和使用激素组,描述两组患者的一般资料和实验室检查结果,观察30 d内患者病情变化,比较两组的疗效差异。 结果 共收集患者62例,其中未使用激素组21例,激素组41例。两组患者治疗前一般资料和实验室检查指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),除是否使用糖皮质激素外,其他治疗手段比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05)。患者治疗10 d后激素组咳嗽(34.1% VS 66.7%)、咯痰(19.5% VS 61.9%)、心悸(4.9% VS 23.8%)、气促(7.3% VS 28.6%)临床表现较未使用激素组减少,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。治疗10 d后,与未使用激素组患者比较,激素组患者的氧合指数、淋巴细胞计数上升,C反应蛋白、D-二聚体数值下降,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。使用激素组患者病情加重发生率较未使用激素组低(14.6% VS 47.6%),差异有统计学意义(χ² =7.895,P=0.005)。 结论 中型COVID-19高龄老年患者小剂量、短疗程全身使用糖皮质激素,可以有效控制病情进展,改善患者预后。     

HLA-DP基因2个单核苷酸多态性位点与贵州少数民族人群HBV感染的关联研究

目的 研究贵州省世居少数民族(布依族、苗族和水族等)人群人类白细胞抗原(HLA)-DP基因rs3077和rs9277535位点多态性与HBV感染的相关性。方法 采用病例-对照研究,募集布依族、苗族和水族等共计256例HBV感染者作为病例组,同时选取142例HBV自限性感染者和135例健康人群作为对照组。应用TaqMan-MGB探针实时荧光定量PCR单核苷酸多态性分型技术对HLA-DP基因rs3077和rs9277535位点进行分型。结果 HBV感染组、HBV自限性感染组和健康对照组相比:HLA-DP基因rs9277535位点的等位基因在HBV感染组和健康对照组之间分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),rs3077位点的等位基因和基因型在各组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。显性模型下各组之间基因型频率比较:HLA-DP基因rs9277535位点在HBV感染组和健康对照组之间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),进一步校正年龄、性别因素后显示,AA+AG基因型与GG基因型相比为乙型肝炎(乙肝)易感的保护因素(OR=0.645,95%CI:0.421~0.988);rs3077位点在各组间比较均无统计学意义。性别分层后的显性模型下显示,男性携带rs3077位点CC+CT基因型与TT基因型相比为乙肝易感的保护因素(OR=0.493,95%CI:0.266~0.916);rs9277535位点在显性模型下各组比较基因型的分布差异无统计学意义。在布依族、苗族和水族人群中比较各组中等位基因和基因型分布,HLA-DP基因rs3077位点的基因型在布依族HBV感染组与健康对照组中的分布差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.726,P=0.036)。结论 HLA-DP基因rs9277535位点携带A等位基因可能是乙肝易感的保护因素,男性携带rs3077位点C等位基因可能是乙肝易感的一个保护因素,rs3077和rs9277535位点多态性与HBV的自限性感染可能无关。HBV感染者HLA-DP基因rs3077位点的基因型分布存在民族间的差异。     

微生态制剂联合肠内营养治疗肝性脑病的研究

目的 观察微生态制剂联合肠内营养治疗对肝性脑病患者血清内毒素、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素18(IL-18)、血氨水平及全身营养状态的影响.方法 选取60例肝性脑病患者,在常规保肝利尿等治疗基础上,随机分为3组分别给予口服培菲康加肠内营养、单纯口服培菲康、单纯静脉营养治疗,疗程均为2周.分别检测治疗前后第7天、第14天血清内毒素、TNF-α、IL-18、血氨及白蛋白水平.结果 与治疗前相比,培菲康联合肠内营养治疗能明显降低血清内毒素、TNF-α、IL-18及血氨水平,明显升高血浆白蛋白,与单用培菲康和单用静脉营养治疗相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 微生态制剂联合肠内营养治疗能有效清除肝性脑病患者血氨、降低内毒素血症、保护肠黏膜屏障及改善机体的营养状态,是临床治疗肝性脑病安全有效方法.     

左卡尼汀对心衰患者心功能和内分泌的影响

目的观察左卡尼汀治疗老年慢性心力衰竭(心衰)的疗效,探讨其对患者心功能和内分泌的影响.方法120例老年慢性心衰患者按随机原则分为对照组和观察组,每组60例.对照组给予常规抗心衰药物治疗,观察组在对照组用药的基础上每日一次给予3 g左卡尼汀加250ml生理盐水静脉滴注,15d后观察两组疗效.结果观察组患者总有效率为95.0%,显著高于对照组(83.3%),差异有统计学意义(x2=4.227,P<0.05).观察组在治疗后的左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)和左心室收缩末容量(LVESV)指标均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.256、2.335、2.277,P<0.05),左室射血分数(LVEF)指标显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.364,P<0.05).治疗后观察组血清钠尿肽(NT-pro-BNP)、肌酐和胱抑素C值较对照组有明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=2.339、2.289、2.315,P<0.05).结论左卡尼汀能够显著改善患者的心功能,降低血清NT-pro-BNP、肌酐和胱抑素C的水平,且安全有效,值得临床推广应用.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ受体AT1拮抗剂治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效及其对血清脂联素水平的影响

目的探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ受体AT1拮抗剂治疗原发性高血压的临床疗效及对血清脂联素水平的影响。方法 70例原发性高血压患者(观察组)给予血管紧张素Ⅱ受体AT1拮抗剂(缬沙坦)治疗,连续治疗30d后评价疗效,并选择30例健康者为对照组,测定观察组和对照组血清脂联素水平。结果观察组治疗后,临床疗效总有效率为97.1%;观察组治疗后血压明显改善,SBP、DBP水平与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.782,3.723,P﹤0.05),血清ADP水平显著上升,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.891,P﹤0.05)。治疗前观察组SBP、DBP水平显著高于对照组,两组相比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.897,3.782;P﹤0.05);ADP水平显著低于对照组,两组相比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.330;P﹤0.05)。结论血管紧张素Ⅱ受体AT1拮抗剂能有效降压和升高原发性高血压患者血清ADP水平,是治疗原发性高血压有效方法,值得临床推广应用。     

梅毒螺旋体抗体血清学检测方法的临床应用价值探讨

目的 探讨5种常用的梅毒螺旋体抗体血清学检测方法的临床应用价值。方法 收集160例梅毒确诊病例血清标本作为试验组,非梅毒者200例血清标本作为对照组,两组血清标本采用梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)、化学发光微粒子免疫分析法(CMIA)、ELISA、乳胶法(TP-AD)和甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)对梅毒螺旋体抗体进行检测,评价5种检测方法的敏感度、特异度,并比较5种方法对各期梅毒患者治疗前后检测的结果。结果 5种梅毒检测方法的敏感度和特异度:TPPA为100.00%和99.50%、CMIA为99.38%和99.00%、ELISA为98.12%和99.00%、TP-AD为94.38%和94.50%、TRUST为85.62%和95.50%。在一期梅毒和隐性梅毒患者中,TRUST法检测的梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性率低于TPPA、ELISA、CMIA和TP-AD法检测,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);在二期、三期梅毒患者中,5种方法检测的梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在各期梅毒患者中,ELISA或CMIA联合TRUST检测的梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性率均为100.00%。121例梅毒患者治疗前后,TRUST法检测的梅毒螺旋体阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他4种检测方法检测的阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 TPPA、CMIA和ELISA法的敏感度和特异度较好,ELISA或CMIA联合TRUST是各期梅毒患者筛查的可靠方法,TRUST适宜梅毒活动期判定和疗效监测。     

Circulating visfatin in obese non-diabetic patients in relation to cardiovascular risk factors,insulin resistance,and adipocytokines: A contradictory piece of the puzzle

ObjectiveObesity and insulin resistance are associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to explore the relation of circulating visfatin to insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometry, and adipocytokines in obese patients without diabetes mellitus.MethodsA population of 228 obese non-diabetic outpatients was analyzed in a prospective way. All patients with a 2-wk weight-stabilization period before recruitment were enrolled. Biochemical analysis and nutritional evaluation were performed.ResultsSubjects were 62 men (27.2%) and 166 women (62.8%) with a mean age of 41.1 ± 16.4 y and a mean body mass index of 35.8 ± 3.6 kg/m². Patients were divided in two groups by median visfatin value (22.8 ng/mL), i.e., those with low values (group I) and those with high values (group II). Patients in group I had greater weight, body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment, triacylglycerol, leptin, and adiponectin than patients in group II. Patients in group II had higher total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, resistin, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels than patients in group I. In a multivariate analysis with age- and sex-adjusted basal visfatin concentration as a dependent variable, only weight and leptin remained as an independent predictor in the model (F = 6.5, P < 0.05), with an inverse correlation.ConclusionTotal cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, tumor necrosis factor-α, and resistin levels are elevated in patients with visfatin levels above the median value. Homeostasis model of assessment, insulin, weight, fat mass, fat-free mass, triacylglycerols, leptin, and adiponectin are decreased in these patients.     

Serum leptin level in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome,and its relation to insulin resistance

ObjectiveTo compare serum leptin levels in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and normal ovulatory obese subjects in Saudi Arabia, and to evaluate the interrelationship between leptin concentration, sex hormones, and insulin resistance.MethodsThe present study was conducted on 40 women with PCOS (34.30 ± 2.08 years, body mass index (BMI) 34.84 ± 4.77 kg/m², mean ± SD) and 16 obese women as control group (28.10 ± 4.61 years, BMI 33.59 ± 1.23 kg/m²). Diagnostic criteria for PCOS based on the presence of two out of three traits including oligo –and/or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism and the presence of polycystic ovaries on ultrasound scan. Concentrations of testosterone, progesterone, prolactin, gonadotrophins, glucose, insulin, and leptin were measured in the baseline fasting blood sample. Serum leptin concentrations were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay.ResultsSerum leptin levels in PCOS patients were significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.005) independently of BMI, and were significantly different between insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant obese PCOS (P=0.044), In PCOS patients there was a positive correlation between leptin and BMI (P=0.049), and there was no correlation between leptin and other hormonal indices in PCOS patients.ConclusionsThe study revealed that the body mass index and insulin resistance are the two main factors governing serum leptin levels.     

Associations of body mass index and insulin resistance with leptin,adiponectin, and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio across ethnic groups: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

PurposeAssociations of adiponectin and leptin and their ratio with body mass index (BMI) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) have been investigated in different ethnic groups but variability in both assays and statistical methods have made cross-study comparisons difficult. We examined associations among these variables across four ethnic groups in a single study.MethodsAdiponectin and leptin were measured in a subset of participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis study. We calculated associations (using both partial correlations and adjusted linear regression) in each ethnic group and then compared the magnitude of these associations across groups.ResultsAfter we excluded individuals with type 2 diabetes, there were 714 white, 219 Chinese, 332 African-American, and 405 Hispanic subjects in the study sample. Associations of BMI with adiponectin and leptin differed significantly (P < .05) across the ethnic groups in regression analyses, whereas associations of HOMA-IR with adiponectin and leptin did not differ across ethnic groups. The leptin-to-adiponectin ratio was not associated with a greater amount of adiposity or HOMA-IR variance than leptin or adiponectin in any ethnic group.ConclusionsGiven the consistency of HOMA-IR and adipokine associations, the differing means of adiponectin and leptin across ethnic groups may help to explain ethnic differences in mean insulin resistance.     

Effects of a single bout of short-duration high-intensity and long-duration low-intensity exercise on insulin resistance and adiponectin/leptin ratio

ObjectivesModerate-intensity exercise improves insulin sensitivity, which may depend on the intensity, duration, and frequency of exercise. We examined the effects of a single bout of short-duration high-intensity exercise (HIE) and long-duration lowintensity exercise (LIE) on insulin sensitivity and the adiponectin/leptin ratio in individuals with different body mass indices (BMIs) who do not exercise regularly.MethodsWe enrolled 42 healthy volunteers aged 20–64 years and divided them into two groups based on BMI: BMI <24 kg/m² and BMI ≥27 kg/m². They were randomly assigned to either the short-duration (20 min) HIE (70%–80% heart rate reserve, HRR) or long-duration (60 min) LIE training groups (30%–40% HRR). Glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels were assessed before training and at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after training.ResultsWe finally analyzed 27 normal weight and 9 obese individuals. No significant differences were observed in the baseline information of both BMI groups. Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance significantly improved for both exercise patterns in the normal weight group and for the HIE pattern in the obese group (P < 0.01), whereas the adiponectin/leptin ratio increased significantly only among normal weight participants with the LIE intervention.ConclusionBoth exercise patterns in BMI <24 kg/m² and BMI ≥27 kg/m² benefit on insulin resistance. Therefore, people can choose the way they can fit to improve insulin resistance both short-duration high-intensity exercise and long-duration low-intensity exercise.     

Effect of genistein on insulin resistance,renal lipid metabolism,and antioxidative activities in ovariectomized rats

ObjectivesPostmenopausal women develop obesity, insulin resistance, and potentially renal dysfunction because of decreased serum estrogen levels. We investigated the effects of genistein, an estrogen-like compound thought to exert antioxidative effects, on insulin resistance, renal lipid accumulation, and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats.MethodsThree weeks after an ovariectomy or a sham surgery, rats were put on a high-fat diet containing 0% or 0.1% genistein for 4 wk. We examined the following treatment groups: sham surgery + high-fat diet (sham), ovariectomy + high-fat diet (OVX), and ovariectomy + high-fat diet with 0.1% genistein (OVX + G).ResultsThe OVX + G group had increased serum estradiol levels and renal expression of estrogen receptors-α and -β compared with the OVX group. OVX + G rats showed decreases in serum insulin levels and the insulin resistance index. OVX + G rats also exhibited decreased renal triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels, which may have been the result of decreased sterol response element binding protein-1 and -2 expressions, and increased adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter-1 and adiponectin receptor expression. The observed increases in renal lipid levels and serum and renal transforming growth factor-β in OVX rats may be associated with the increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin, and the decreased activity of metalloproteinase-2, an extracellular matrix–degrading enzyme. Ovariectomy also induced oxidative stress by the reduction of antioxidative enzymes, whereas genistein reversed these detrimental ovariectomy-induced effects.ConclusionGenistein may help to maintain normal kidney function through the alleviation of many ovariectomy-induced risk factors for renal damage, including an increased insulin resistance index, renal oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and extracellular matrix protein expression.     

血清脂肪细胞因子与妊娠期糖尿病关系的研究

目的:探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇血清脂肪因子脂联素、瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平变化及其与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法:随机抽取孕周15～20周的孕妇测定空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、血脂联素、瘦素、TNF-α水平,孕24～28周行OGTT检查,按结果分为3组,糖耐量正常组(NGT)59例,GDM组41例,GIGT组50例,比较各组胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、胰岛素分泌指数(HBCI)及孕前、孕中期的BMI的差异,分析血脂联素、瘦素、TNF-α与IR的关系。结果:①GDM组及GIGT组HOMA-IR较NGT组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),3组间HBCI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②GDM组及GIGT组血清脂联素水平显著低于NGT组(P<0.05),血清瘦素水平及TNF-α水平则显著高于NGT组(P<0.05)。③脂联素与HOMA-IR呈负相关,相关系数为-0.65;而瘦素、TNF-α与HOMA-IR呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.58、0.47。结论:妊娠期糖尿病血清脂联素、瘦素、TNF-α水平的改变与妊娠期胰岛素抵抗有关,可作为GDM的重要预测因子。     

Role of neonatal hyperleptinaemia on serum adiponectin and suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 expression in young rats

Previously we had shown that neonatal leptin treatment programmes for both hyperleptinaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, which lead to leptin resistance and low expression of the hypothalamic leptin receptor (OB-Rb) of rats aged 150 d. Here we investigated in young post-weaned rats (age 30 d) if leptin treatment during lactation induces leptin and insulin resistance and if those changes are accompanied by changes in the suppressor of cytokine signalling-3 (SOCS-3) expression and serum adiponectin concentration. After delivery, the pups were divided into two groups: (1) a leptin group (Lep) that were injected with leptin daily (8 microg/100 g body weight subcutaneously) for the first 10 d of lactation; (2) a control (C) group, receiving saline. After weaning (day 21), body weight was monitored until the animals were age 30 d. They were tested for food intake in response to either leptin (0.5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally) (CL, LepL) or saline (CSal, LepSal) when they were aged 30 d. The CL group showed lower food intake, but no response was observed in the LepL group, suggesting leptin resistance. The Lep group had hyperleptinaemia (five-fold), hyperinsulinaemia (+42.5%) and lower levels of serum adiponectin (-43.2%). The hypothalamic expression of OB-Rb was lower (-22%) and SOCS-3 was higher (+52.8%) in the Lep group. We conclude that neonatal leptin treatment programmes for leptin resistance as soon as 30 d and suggests that SOCS-3 appears to be of particular importance in this event. In the Lep group, the lower serum adiponectin levels were accompanied by higher serum insulin, indicating a probable insulin resistance.     

Dietary Red and Processed Meat Intake and Markers of Adiposity and Inflammation: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

Objective: The potential influence of dietary factors on inflammation is important for cancer prevention. Utilizing data from control participants (312 men, 911 women) in 2 nested case–control studies of cancer within the Multiethnic Cohort, we examined the associations of red and processed meat intake with serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6 and the mediator effect of body mass index (BMI) on the above associations (if present).

Methods: Multivariable linear models were applied to assess the association between red and processed meat intake at cohort entry and serum biomarker levels measured 9.1 years later after adjusting for covariates and to determine the mediator effect of BMI.

Results: Overall red and processed meat intake was positively associated with serum leptin levels in men (β = 0.180, p = 0.0004) and women (β = 0.167, p < 0.0001). In women, higher red and processed meat consumption was significantly associated with higher CRP (β = 0.069, p = 0.03) and lower adiponectin levels (β = ?0.082, p = 0.005). In mediation analyses with red and processed meat intake and BMI as predictors, the associations of red and processed meat with biomarkers decreased substantially (as indicated by percentage change in effect: leptin in men, 13.4%; leptin in women, 13.7%; adiponectin in women, ?4.7%; CRP in women, 7.4%) and were no longer significant (p > 0.05), whereas BMI remained significantly associated with serum leptin (men: β = 3.209, p < 0.0001; women: β = 2.891, p < 0.0001), adiponectin (women: β = ?1.085, p < 0.0001), and CRP (women: β = 1.581, p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: The current data suggest that the amount of excess body weight or the degree of adiposity may mediate the relations between dietary red and processed meat intake and serum biomarkers associated with obesity and inflammation.     

Hypoadiponectinemia Is Strongly Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum adiponectin level, dietary intake, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and to identify factors associated with serum adiponectin level.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using 789 type 2 DM patients (406 men and 383 women) 40–80 years old. Subjects were classified into 3 groups on the basis of serum adiponectin level. General characteristics and anthropometric, hematologic, and dietary data were obtained for each subject.

Results: The prevalence of hypoadiponectinemia (<4.0 µg/mL) was 57.4% in men and 32.4% in women. Serum adiponectin level was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fat percentage, and serum concentrations of insulin and triglyceride, and was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level. Even though the direct association of nutrient intake with serum adiponectin concentration was not strong, various contributing factors for hypoadiponectinemia were strongly correlated with micronutrient intake, such as calcium, iron, and niacin. Both sexes in the group with the lowest adiponectin concentration had a higher prevalence of MetS and MetS components than corresponding sexes in the group with the highest adiponectin concentration.

Conclusions: Our findings show that hypoadiponectinemia is strongly associated with MetS in type 2 DM patients. Dietary intake may be indirectly associated with adiponectin levels through factors such as BMI, waist circumference, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, and blood pressure. Therefore, our results suggest that manipulation of the level of adiponectin may prevent MetS and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 DM patients.