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性状发育受遗传和环境因素的影响,即遗传决定和控制了机体发育的可能性,环境条件是影响发育的重要因素,甚至可能阻断发育。这两种因素作用于不同的个体,使它们产生表型特征的差异,而这种差异多少是由于遗传差异引起的,又有多少是由于环境的不同造成的,遗传对于某个表型特征影响的 相似文献
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孕妇血浆中胎儿表观遗传学标志物可作为一个定性标志物用于检查实验结果是否存在假阴性的指标,也可作为一个定量标志,用于筛查妊娠相关性疾病;其中的染色体特异性标记物,可用于胎儿三倍体的检测。目前已有较多胎儿表观遗传学标志被发现,部分已用于临床相关疾病的筛查。但孕妇血浆中胎儿表观遗传学标志物的广泛应用,仍需要大量的临床试验来验证。作者拟就表观遗传学在无创性产前诊断中的应用进展,综述如下。 相似文献
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甲状腺癌的分子发病机制也是一个多基因参与、多个步骤的癌变过程。随着分子生物学诊断技术的不断发展,在甲状腺癌组织中发现多种相关基因突变和表观遗传学现象。了解甲状腺癌的最新基因突变和表观遗传学研究进展,有助于甲状腺癌的早期诊断、防治和靶向药物研发。 相似文献
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维生素D不仅对骨代谢有着经典的作用,同时在免疫、细胞增殖和分化中有重要的作用。最近的研究发现,孕期维生素D水平也可能通过表观遗传修饰影响到后代儿童期非骨骼系统疾病的易感性,如哮喘,自身免疫性疾病和神经精神疾病等。本文将综述维生素D缺乏与儿童疾病表观遗传学的研究进展。 相似文献
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表观遗传学和人类疾病 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
表观遗传的改变对于生物体各种细胞类型的发育与分化具有关键性的作用.目前表观遗传学的研究热点是在发育和疾病发生过程中,基因表达相关的染色质和染色体结构对表观遗传学机制的影响,以及对表观遗传学进行更深入的定义.对于表观遗传状态会受到环境的影响或衰老的干扰,包括癌症和其它疾病发生过程在内的表观遗传的变化也需要更深入的研究. 相似文献
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王琛玥焦富勇冯建英 《中国妇幼健康研究》2022,(6):122-126
川崎病(KD)是一种以急性血管炎为病理改变的自身免疫相关性疾病,主要累及冠状动脉,是目前导致儿童获得性心脏疾病的主要病因。随着川崎病发病率逐年上升,其病因及发病机制越来越受到科研及临床人员的关注和重视。流行病学研究表明,川崎病与先天遗传、后天环境密切相关,感染是其主要的诱发因素。表观遗传学受环境与基因相互作用的影响,其不改变基因序列,但可引起细胞表型及基因表达的可遗传改变,可以合理地解释KD中遗传基因与后天因素的相互联系。表观遗传因子的分析可以为KD的预测及诊断提供生物标记,有助于KD药物基因组学与靶向疗法的发展。本文分析了关于DNA甲基化、microRNA和长链非编码RNA的表观遗传学的现有文献,总结了其最新研究进展,讨论了这些机制如何参与KD的发病与发展,有助于KD相关的生物标志物的研究。 相似文献
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我国大型人群队列研究方兴未艾,双生子作为一种特殊人群,由于其同时出生、共享母体的宫内环境和早期家庭环境的天然对照优势,可以进行匹配的队列研究,从而很好地控制年龄、性别(同性别双生子)、遗传(同卵双生子)或早期环境(共同抚养的双生子)所带来的混杂,为慢性复杂性疾病病因研究提供不可多得的良好资源。本文将就中国双生子队列的目标、现状、挑战与机遇进行简要介绍,着重呈现双生子不同于一般人群队列的特征。 相似文献
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目的 分析遗传和环境因素分别对3项一侧优势功能特征的影响.方法 对在青岛市和丽水市两地募集的511对双生子进行一侧优势功能(利手、扣手、交叉臂方式)的判定,计算3项左型性状的一致率、卵别比值比、四项相关系数,并用openMx软件进行遗传模型的拟合.结果 左利手的最佳拟合为AE模型,遗传度为45.5%,左型扣手和左型交叉臂的最佳模型为DE模型,显性遗传效应分别是13.5%和6.1%.年龄和性别对遗传效应的影响无统计学意义.结论 左利手的遗传度为45.5%,扣手和交叉臂的遗传表现为显性遗传,但主要受环境影响. 相似文献
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目的:探讨双胎颈部皮肤透明层厚度(NT)差值预测双胎输血综合征(TTTS)的临床价值。方法:对接受产前超声检查且被追踪到妊娠结局的单绒毛膜双羊膜囊(MCDA)双胎孕妇136例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中TTTS 20例为TTTS组,非TTTS 116例为非TTTS组。比较两组双胎NT差值≥0.6mm(或≥20%)者的比率,并计算以双胎NT差值≥0.6mm(或≥20%)预测TTTS的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果:TTTS组和非TTTS组双胎NT差值≥0.6mm(或≥20%)的发生率分别为35.0%(7/20)及12.9%(15/116),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);双胎NT差值≥0.6mm(或≥20%)发生TTTS的相对危险度(OR)为3.626(95%CI:1.247~10.538);预测TTTS的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值分别为35.0%、87.1%、31.8%及88.6%。结论:在MCDA双胎中,双胎NT差值≥0.6mm(或≥20%)是TTTS发生的危险因素,对早期预测TTTS有一定的临床参考价值。 相似文献
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Haruka Tanaka Soshiro Ogata Kayoko Omura Chika Honda Osaka Twin Research Group Kei Kamide Kazuo Hayakawa 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2016,21(2):92-99
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between subjective memory complaints (SMCs) and depressive symptoms, with and without adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors.Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using twins and measured SMCs and depressive symptoms as outcomes and explanatory variables, respectively. First, we performed regression analyses using generalized estimating equations to investigate the associations between SMCs and depressive symptoms without adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors (individual-level analyses). We then performed regression analyses for within-pair differences using monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs and MZ twin pairs to investigate these associations with adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors by subtracting the values of one twin from those of co-twin variables (within-pair level analyses). Therefore, differences between the associations at individual- and within-pair level analyses suggested confounding by genetic factors.Results
We included 556 twins aged ≥20 years. In the individual-level analyses, SMCs were significantly associated with depressive symptoms in both males and females [standardized coefficients: males, 0.23 (95 % CI 0.08–0.38); females, 0.35 (95 % CI 0.23–0.46)]. In the within-pair level analyses using MZ and same-sex DZ twin pairs, SMCs were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. In the within-pair level analyses using the MZ twin pairs, SMCs were significantly associated with depressive symptoms [standardized coefficients: males, 0.32 (95 % CI 0.08–0.56); females, 0.24 (95 % CI 0.13–0.42)].Conclusions
This study suggested that SMCs were significantly associated with depressive symptoms after adjustment for genetic and family environmental factors.15.
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双生子研究是遗传流行病学复杂疾病研究的一种非常独特的方法.同卵双生子有着相同的基因,而异卵双生子平均有50%相同的基因,因此可以通过比较同卵双生子和异卵双生子疾病或性状的一致性,来确定其是否受遗传的作用,以及遗传和环境作用的相对大小. 相似文献
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During past decades, twin studies have played an important role in genetic epidemiology studies of complex traits. The strength of twin studies lies in the ability to disentangle genetic and environmental factors that contribute to a phenotype, by comparing genetically identical monozygotic twins to dizygotic twins, who share on average 50% of genetic variants. Twin studies now offer the opportunity to study epigenetic variation across the genome with two aims. First, twin studies can improve our understanding of the factors regulating epigenetic variability by assessing the heritability of epigenetic variants. Secondly, the use of twins in epigenetic research is increasingly recognized as an important approach to help unravel the complexities associated with human development and disease. The strategic use of identical twins discordant for complex disease has revealed the importance of linking epigenetic disruption to the disease-associated risk in humans. Lastly, we also discuss the possibility that epigenetic effects on disease may in part explain some of the missing heritability in genome-wide association studies. The study of human epigenetic factors in twins can inform the role of genetics, as well as in utero and postnatal environments to the establishment, maintenance and functional consequences of human epigenome variation. 相似文献
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儿童及青少年期生长发育及心理行为相关疾病患病率有逐年上升趋势,且病因复杂。双生子共享母体宫内环境、同时出生并享有相同的早期家庭环境,能控制年龄、遗传和早期家庭环境等的干扰,是开展复杂慢性疾病研究的良好资源。利用双生子家庭开展出生队列研究,能更好地结合遗传和环境因素寻找复杂慢性疾病的病因起源。本研究从研究目标、内容、进展和优势与潜在问题等方面对武汉双生子出生队列进行简要介绍,着重呈现本研究的总体设计和进展概况。 相似文献
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In the study of monozygotic twins relative to disease and risk factors, particular interest focuses on the subset who are discordant for some suspected risk factor (for example, smoking), since such twins constitute a natural case-control pair. In such studies, questionnaires designed to identify the status of all twin pairs are sometimes error prone and can yield misleading estimates of the concordance-discordance ratios. Greater efforts to verify the characteristics of apparently discordant pairs than to verify those of apparently concordant pairs can result in the 'unequal ascertainment' fallacy. Using the results of a questionnaire with known error rates and the 'apparent' frequencies yielded, we present unbiased, maximum likelihood estimates of the 'true' proportions of concordant and discordant pairs. concordant and discordant pairs. We also present approximate covariances among these estimates. 相似文献