福建省1990--201 0年居民出生期望寿命差异分析

目的分析1990--2010年福建省居民出生期望寿命的变化,探讨不同年龄、死因对期望寿命年代差异的影响。方法利用卫生部死因监测系统中福建省1990--2010年人群的死亡数据估算出生期望寿命,应用Arriaga因素分解法估计期望寿命改变的年龄别、死因别贡献。结果20年问福建省城乡居民期望寿命分别增长了5.82岁和11.67岁,城市人群出生期望寿命高于农村,但农村人群增幅高于城市,两者差距逐步缩小。低年龄组对出生期望寿命增加的贡献率减小,<14岁儿童对农村地区期望寿命的贡献率由78.29%下降至31.23%,使城市居民出生期望寿命降低,高年龄组逐渐成为影响出生期望寿命变化的主体。恶性肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病及脑血管病对城市居民期望寿命增量的影响在减弱,传染病和寄生虫病、神经系统疾病及心血管病的影响增大,分别使城市居民期望寿命增加1.54岁、O.67岁和0.49岁,呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病及损伤和中毒对农村居民期望寿命影响也在逐渐减少,而恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、心血管病的影响在逐渐增加,三者使农村居民期望寿命增加了1.23岁;不同死因对各年龄人群期望寿命增量的作用不同。结论福建省居民应降低高年龄组死亡率,提高慢眭非传染性疾病的防治水平,有助于提高人群期望寿命。     

2000-2010年北京市户籍居民期望寿命差异分析

目的 分析2000-2010年北京市户籍居民期望寿命变化规律以及主要疾病死亡率变化对期望寿命增量的影响.方法 应用简略寿命表、期望寿命差异的年龄和死因分解法对北京市户籍居民2000-2010年死因监测数据进行分析,计算各主要疾病死亡率变化对期望寿命增量的贡献值和百分比.结果 10年间北京市户籍居民期望寿命增加了3.35岁.≥80岁组和65～岁组居民死亡率下降对期望寿命的增加贡献较大,贡献率分别为44.27％(1.48岁)和26.76％(0.90岁).脑血管病和心脏病是对期望寿命增加贡献最大的两类疾病,贡献率分别为41.21％(1.38岁)和21.39％(0.72岁),而恶性肿瘤是阻碍期望寿命增加的最主要疾病,其贡献率为-26.00％(-0.87岁).结论 2000-2010年北京市户籍居民期望寿命增长主要归因于老年人以及心脑血管病死亡率的下降,而恶性肿瘤死亡率的上升则阻碍其增加.     

1999-2018年天津市居民平均期望寿命变化分析

目的 分析近20年天津市居民期望寿命变化规律以及对期望寿命增量的影响因素。方法 应用简略寿命表、期望寿命差异的年龄和死因分解法对天津市户籍居民1999-2018年死因监测数据进行分析,计算不同年龄、不同疾病死亡率对期望寿命增量的贡献值和百分比。结果 20年间天津市户籍居民期望寿命增加了4.97岁,男性、女性期望寿命分别增加4.11岁和5.86岁,女性增幅高于男性。0岁组死亡率下降对期望寿命增加的贡献率为19.17%,≥55岁组居民死亡率下降对期望寿命的增加贡献较大,累计贡献率为67.38%。脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病、围生期情况、先天畸形以及损伤和中毒死亡率下降对期望寿命提高的贡献较大,贡献率分别为27.27%、21.37%、15.76%、12.22%、6.44%和4.86%。恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒、糖尿病、神经系统疾病等死亡率的增加对≥75岁人群寿命增长产生负向作用。天津市期望寿命增加具有阶段性特点,1999-2011年为76.72~81.46岁,具有上升趋势（t=9.11,P<0.001）,年度变化百分比（APC）为0.58%;2011-2018年为81.46~81.69岁,为平稳趋势（t=0.89,P=0.387）,APC为0.13%。结论 1999-2018年天津市居民期望寿命增长主要归因于婴儿、老年人、脑血管病、呼吸系统疾病、心脏病、围生期情况、先天畸形以及损伤和中毒死亡率的下降,而≥75岁人群恶性肿瘤、损伤和中毒、糖尿病、神经系统疾病等死亡率的增加对期望寿命增长产生了负向作用。应加强重点人群、重点疾病的综合防治,进一步提高人群期望寿命。     

2015-2020年四类重点慢性病对济南市户籍人口期望寿命的影响分析

目的 分析2015-2020年恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病和糖尿病（四类重点慢性病）对济南市户籍人口期望寿命增长的影响。方法 利用济南市2015-2020年死因监测资料和人口数据,应用简略寿命表和Arriaga分解法,分析2015-2020年四类重点慢性病及其具体病种的死亡率对期望寿命增长的贡献,不同性别、不同年龄段死亡率对期望寿命增长的贡献。结果 2015-2020年济南市户籍人口期望寿命增长了1.59岁。四类重点慢性病死亡率下降贡献了1.25岁,贡献比例为78.62%,男性期望寿命增长了1.66岁,四类重点慢性病死亡率下降贡献了1.18岁;女性期望寿命增长了1.52岁,四类重点慢性病死亡率下降贡献了1.35岁。恶性肿瘤、心脑血管疾病、慢性呼吸系统疾病和糖尿病的死亡水平下降对期望寿命的贡献分别为0.42、0.62、0.20和0.01岁。胃癌死亡率下降对期望寿命的贡献大于肺癌,高血压性心脏病死亡率增加导致了负贡献,哮喘和糖尿病对期望寿命的贡献微乎其微。结论 2015-2020年济南市户籍人口期望寿命增长主要由四类重点慢性病死亡率下降贡献。肺癌、糖尿病、高血压性心脏病等对期望寿命贡献较小,甚至为负贡献,应重点关注。     

成都市近20年户籍人口期望寿命变化

目的分析成都市户籍人口期望寿命的变化,探讨不同年龄和死因对期望寿命变化产生的影响。方法利用1990-2010年成都市死因监测户籍人群的死亡数据,和公安局公布的同期同范围人口数,采用寿命表法计算户籍人口期望寿命,采用期望寿命的年龄分解法、期望寿命的死因分解法计算年龄别死亡率和死因别死亡率的变化对期望寿命变化的影响。结果成都市户籍人口期望寿命在提高,男女性别差异扩大;低年龄组死亡率的变化对期望寿命变化的影响逐渐减小,高年龄组死亡率变化对期望寿命变化影响增大;对期望寿命变化影响较大的疾病主要是如呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病等。结论降低高年龄组死亡率,加强对呼吸系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、脑血管病、心脏病的控制,降低其死亡率,有助于提高期望寿命。     

1990-2015年中国分省期望寿命和健康期望寿命分析

目的 分析中国及各省期望寿命和健康期望寿命现状及其变化情况。方法 利用2015年全球疾病负担研究结果,对2015年中国居民与全球主要国家期望寿命和健康期望寿命进行比较;分析全国及各省期望寿命和健康期望寿命的差异和1990-2015年全国及各省期望寿命和健康期望寿命的变化幅度。结果 2015年中国居民的期望寿命为76.2岁,健康期望寿命为68.0岁,分别比全球平均水平高出4.4岁和5.2岁。2015年中国人均期望寿命和健康期望寿命,女性均高于男性。我国期望寿命和健康期望寿命较高的省份有上海、北京、香港、澳门、浙江、江苏、天津和广东等东部发达省份,较低的省份有西藏、青海、贵州、新疆和云南等西部省份。1990-2015年,中国居民期望寿命和健康期望寿命均呈上升趋势,期望寿命增加了9.5岁,健康期望寿命增加了8.4岁。全国及各省期望寿命增加的岁数均高于健康期望寿命增加的岁数。结论 1990-2015年中国居民的期望寿命和健康期望寿命有了较大程度的提高,但各省之间差异较大。     

中国1990-2005年不同时期城乡人群期望寿命差异分析

目的 比较中国不同时期城乡人群期望寿命的差异,探讨不同年龄和死因对其可能产生的影响.方法 利用1990-2005年<全国卫生统计年报>城乡人群的死亡数据,采用寿命表法、年组内平均余命的相对变化指数、期望寿命的年龄分解和死因分解法,进行城乡人群期望寿命的比较.结果 近些年农村人群期望寿命的增量和增速高于城市;儿童组对出生时期望寿命城乡差异的贡献减少,中年组和老年组人群逐步成为导致城乡期望寿命差异的主体;呼吸系统疾病、肿瘤和循环系统疾病、损伤和中毒类是导致城乡期望寿命差异的主要病种,传染病和寄生虫病及消化系统疾病对城乡人群期望寿命差异的影响相对较小;各主要死因中不同年龄人群对城乡人群期望寿命差异的影响不同.结论 中国现阶段从死亡角度上缩小城乡人群的健康差距,重点是关注中老年人健康状况;呼吸系统疾病、肿瘤和循环系统疾病等是导致城乡人群期望寿命差异的主要病种,其中农村中年人群肿瘤和循环系统疾病的死亡尤其需要关注.     

肿瘤死因对期望寿命损失的统计分析

目的探求肿瘤死因对期望寿命损失的影响。方法依据 WHO网址提供的有关资料〔1997年 3个国家 (捷克、加拿大和希腊 )不同性别各年龄组的人口数 ,全死因死亡数和肿瘤死因死亡数〕,应用简略寿命表和去死因寿命表方法 ,比较 3个国家不同性别各年龄组的期望寿命 ,以及肿瘤死因对期望寿命损失的影响。结果 3个国家中 ,希腊女性组期望寿命最高 ,lx曲线也最高 ,直至 6 5～ 74岁组 ,呈下降趋势 ;相反 ,捷克男性组期望寿命最低 ,lx曲线也最低 ,4 5～ 5 4岁组即呈现下降趋势。同时 ,统计分析显示 ,除 75～岁组外 ,其余各年龄组期望寿命的高低与肿瘤死因对期望寿命损失的影响呈负相关 (r=- 0 .90 5 ,0 .0 1相似文献   

2010-2019年广州市居民健康调整期望寿命分析

目的 分析2010-2019年广州市期望寿命和健康调整期望寿命（HALE）的时空分布,量化不同病因及其后遗症对健康的综合影响。方法 利用2010-2019年广州市CDC的死因监测数据和全球疾病负担研究公开数据,基于寿命表法和沙利文法分别估算期望寿命和HALE,以伤残损失寿命年折合法计算去病因健康调整期望寿命。使用Joinpoint对数线性回归分析时间趋势,并描述空间分布。结果 2019年,广州市居民期望寿命为82.9岁（男性80.1岁,女性85.9岁）,HALE为75.6岁（男性74.0岁,女性77.3岁）。中心城区相对城区边缘有更高的期望寿命和HALE,且期望寿命与HALE的差值更小。2010-2019年,广州市居民期望寿命和HALE整体呈上升趋势。全市期望寿命增加2.8岁［平均年度变化百分比（AAPC）=0.4,95%CI：0.3~0.4］,其中,男性和女性分别增加2.8岁和2.9岁;全市HALE增加2.4岁（AAPC=0.3,95%CI：0.3~0.4）,其中,男性和女性分别增加2.5岁和2.2岁。因传染性疾病、孕产妇疾病、新生儿疾病和营养疾病失去的平均健康寿命中位数为6.2年（AAPC=-4.2,95%CI：-5.3~-3.1）,因非传染性疾病失去的平均健康寿命中位数为14.7年（AAPC=1.6,95%CI：0.9~2.3）,因伤害失去的平均健康寿命中位数为6.3年（AAPC=-3.5,95%CI：-4.5~-2.6）。其中,因肌肉骨骼疾病、皮肤和皮下疾病、心血管疾病、营养不良、糖尿病和肾脏病失去的平均健康寿命中位数高居前5位。结论 2010-2019年广州市居民期望寿命和HALE稳定增长,但城区边缘居民的生命质量低于中心城区。非传染性疾病是健康寿命损失的主要原因。需根据地域特征制定健康政策和防治措施,针对重点疾病合理分配社会医疗资源,以降低其疾病负担。     

糖尿病患病和死亡对浙江省居民健康期望寿命的影响

目的 评估糖尿病患病和死亡对居民健康期望寿命的影响。方法 采用去病因健康期望寿命计算方法,整合人群死因、健康自评以及糖尿病患病等资料,定量分析糖尿病对人群健康期望寿命的影响以及造成健康损失的内部构成。结果 2013年浙江省15岁居民健康期望寿命为55.80岁,去除糖尿病病因,男、女性居民健康期望寿命分别增加0.86岁和1.13岁,城市和农村居民分别增加1.04岁和0.66岁,女性居民增幅大于男性居民,城市居民增幅大于农村居民;糖尿病死亡、患病造成的健康寿命损失分别为0.10岁和0.79岁,患病/死亡健康寿命损失之比为7.92。结论 2013年浙江省居民糖尿病患病导致的健康寿命损失远大于死亡,应降低城市地区,特别是女性人群的糖尿病流行水平是减少糖尿病对人群健康寿命影响的重要措施。     

The changing gender differences in life expectancy in Korea 1970-2005

Women live much longer than men in Korea, with remarkable gains in life expectancy at birth for the past decades. The gender differential has steadily increased over time, reaching a peak of more than 8 years in 1980s, and decreased thereafter to 6.7 years in 2005. Studies to investigate the pattern and contributing factors to changes in the life expectancy gender gap have been mostly from Western countries, and there has been no such study in Asian countries, except in Japan. We therefore aimed to examine age- and cause-specific contributions to the changing gender differentials in life expectancy in Korea, in particular the decline of the gap, using a decomposition method. Between 1970 and 1979 when the gender gap in life expectancy widened, faster mortality decline among women in ages 20-44 explained 66% of the total increase in the gender gap, which would be due to substantial improvements in reproductive health among women and excess male mortality in occupational injuries and transport accidents. Although greater survival advantage among elderly women over 70 contributed to further increase in the gender gap, the contributions from younger ages with the ages 15-64 contributing the most (-2 years) resulted in the overall reduction of the gender gap which began in 1992 and continued to 2005. Among causes of death, liver diseases (-0.5 years, 38% of the total decline), transport accidents (-0.4 years, 31%), hypertensive diseases (-0.3 years, 19%), stroke (-0.1 years, 11%), and tuberculosis (-0.1 years) contributed the most to the overall 1.4 years reduction in the gender gap. However, changes in mortality from lung cancer (+0.3 years), suicide (+0.3 years), chronic lower respiratory diseases (+0.2 years), and ischemic heart diseases (+0.1 years) contributed to widening the gap during the same period. In sum, while smoking-related causes of death have contributed most to the narrowing gap in most other industrialized countries, these causes contributed toward increasing the gender gap in Korea. Instead, liver disease, hypertension-related diseases, and transport accidents were major contributing causes of death to the narrowing of gender differentials in life expectancy in Korea.     

上海市居民期望寿命与健康期望寿命的差异分析

目的:分析不同年龄、性别的上海市居民期望寿命和健康期望寿命的差异。方法:分析比较上海市和全球长寿国家/地区期望寿命的变化趋势;利用全球疾病负担研究建立的疾病和健康结局的失能权重,应用Sullivan法测算上海市居民健康期望寿命,并分析不同年龄、性别人群的健康寿命损失。结果:近40年,上海市期望寿命增长了10.86岁,2...     

Mortality inequality in populations with equal life expectancy: Arriaga's decomposition method in SAS,Stata, and Excel

PurposeLife expectancy is used to measure population health, but large differences in mortality can be masked even when there is no life expectancy gap. We demonstrate how Arriaga's decomposition method can be used to assess inequality in mortality between populations with near equal life expectancy.MethodsWe calculated life expectancy at birth for Quebec and the rest of Canada from 2005 to 2009 using life tables and partitioned the gap between both populations into age and cause-specific components using Arriaga's method.ResultsThe life expectancy gap between Quebec and Canada was negligible (<0.1 years). Decomposition of the gap showed that higher lung cancer mortality in Quebec was offset by cardiovascular mortality in the rest of Canada, resulting in identical life expectancy in both groups. Lung cancer in Quebec had a greater impact at early ages, whereas cardiovascular mortality in Canada had a greater impact at older ages.ConclusionsDespite the absence of a gap, we demonstrate using decomposition analyses how lung cancer at early ages lowered life expectancy in Quebec, whereas cardiovascular causes at older ages lowered life expectancy in Canada. We provide SAS/Stata code and an Excel spreadsheeet to facilitate application of Arriaga's method to other settings.     

Diverging socioeconomic inequality in life expectancy of Francophones and Anglophones in Montréal, Québec: tobacco to blame?

Aim

We evaluated the ages and causes of death contributing to life expectancy gaps between economically advantaged and disadvantaged Francophones and Anglophones of Montréal, a Canadian metropolitan centre.

Subject and Methods

We partitioned the life expectancy gap at birth between socioeconomically disadvantaged and advantaged Francophones and Anglophones of Montréal (Québec) into age and cause of death components for two periods (1989–1993, 2002–2006). Changes in the contributions of causes over time were evaluated.

Results

Life expectancy was lower for disadvantaged Francophones and Anglophones by 5 years in men and 1.6 years in women compared with advantaged individuals. Over time, the socioeconomic gap widened for Francophones (men 0.3 years, women 2.8 years), due to smaller reductions in mortality from tobacco-related causes (cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory) in disadvantaged than in advantaged Francophones, especially after age ≥65 years (except lung cancer mortality that increased, particularly in disadvantaged women). The socioeconomic gap narrowed, however, for Anglophones (men 1.0 year, women 0.6 years), due to greater reductions in cardiovascular mortality in disadvantaged than advantaged Anglophones.

Conclusion

Socioeconomic inequalities in life expectancy decreased for Anglophones but increased for Francophones in Montréal due to underlying trends in tobacco-related mortality. Despite strong tobacco control laws in Canada, socioeconomic inequality in tobacco-related mortality is widening for Francophones in Montréal.     

2008-2018年中国4省重点地区肝癌死亡趋势及去死因期望寿命分析

目的分析2008-2018年中国4省重点地区人群肝癌死亡率变化趋势, 探讨肝癌死亡对期望寿命变化的影响程度, 为评估该地区综合防控效果、促进卫生资源合理配置提供数据支撑。方法基于2008-2018年中国CDC全国死因监测数据库中4省重点地区死因数据, 分析该地区肝癌死亡率、去死因期望寿命(CELE)、去死因期望寿命增长年(PGLEs), 采用Joinpoint 4.9.0.0软件计算平均年度变化百分比(AAPC), 采用Arriaga分解法估计各年龄组肝癌死亡率变化对期望寿命变化的贡献情况。结果 2008-2018年4省重点地区肝癌标化死亡率整体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-4.37%, P<0.001)。肝癌死亡率变化对期望寿命增长起积极作用, 贡献值0.240岁, 贡献度5.62%;其中, 积极作用最大的是45～49岁年龄组(0.041岁, 0.96%), 消极作用最大的是50～54岁年龄组(-0.015岁, -0.35%)。与2008年相比, 2018年4省重点地区人群期望寿命增长4.27岁(AAPC=0.59%, P<0.001), 肝癌CELE增长4.20岁(AAPC=...     

Widening socioeconomic inequalities in US life expectancy, 1980-2000

BACKGROUND: This study examines changes in the extent of inequalities in life expectancy at birth and other ages in the United States between 1980 and 2000 by gender and socioeconomic deprivation levels. METHODS: A factor-based deprivation index consisting of 11 education, occupation, wealth, income distribution, unemployment, poverty, and housing quality indicators was used to define deprivation deciles, which were then linked to the US mortality data at the county-level. Life expectancy estimates were developed by age, gender, and deprivation levels for three 3 year time periods: 1980-82, 1989-91, and 1998-2000. Inequalities in life expectancy were measured by the absolute difference between the least-deprived group and each of the other deprivation deciles. Slope indices of inequality for each gender and time period were calculated by regressing life expectancy estimates on deprivation levels using weighted least squares models. RESULTS: Those in less-deprived groups experienced a longer life expectancy at each age than their counterparts in more-deprived groups. In 1980-82, the overall life expectancy at birth was 2.8 years longer for the least-deprived group than for the most-deprived group (75.8 vs 73.0 years). By 1998-2000, the absolute difference in life expectancy at birth had increased to 4.5 years (79.2 vs 74.7 years). The inequality indices also showed a substantial widening of the deprivation gradient in life expectancy during the study period for both males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Between 1980 and 2000, those in higher socioeconomic groups experienced larger gains in life expectancy than those in more-deprived groups, contributing to the widening gap.     

Increasing life expectancy in Germany: quantitative contributions from changes in age- and disease-specific mortality

BACKGROUND: Between 1962 and 2002 the average life expectancy in Germany has increased from 67.1 years to 75.6 years in men and from 72.7 years to 81.3 in women. METHODS: The cumulative and annual contributions of different age- and disease-groups on life expectancy were calculated using Pollard's actuarial method of decomposing mortality rates. Mortality data were provided by the German Statistical Office. RESULTS: Considering the cumulative contribution over the period of 40 years, the largest contributions came from persons with at least 65 years of age (2.9 years in men and 4.0 years in women). Reductions in cardiovascular disease mortality had the greatest cumulative impact on life expectancy (2.7 years in men and 3.0 years in women). The contribution from reduced cancer mortality on life expectancy was substantially lower (0.6 and 0.9 years, respectively). The annual contributions of several disease-groups varied considerably over time. The positive contribution from cardiovascular diseases started only after 1970, and in men it became solid only after 1980. Regarding malignant neoplasms, the largest cumulative contribution came from stomach cancer (0.4 in both sexes). The annual analyses showed increasing contributions from reduced cancer mortality after 1990. These were strongly influenced by lung, stomach, prostate and colorectal cancer in men, and by breast, colorectal and stomach cancer in women. CONCLUSIONS: While life expectancy has increased by about 2.2 years per decade the observed variations in the age- and disease-specific contributions over time have implications for future health care planning and prevention strategies.     

Contributions of mortality changes by age group and selected causes of death to the increase in Japanese life expectancy at birth from 1950 to 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze contributions of mortality change by age group and selected causes of death to the increase in life expectancy at birth from 1950 to 2000 in Japan, which has the longest longevity in the world. Using mortality data from Japanese vital statistics from 1950 to 2000, we analyzed contributions of mortality change by age group and selected causes of death to the increase in life expectancy at birth by the method of decomposition of changes and calculated age-adjusted death rates for selected causes of death. Gastroenteritis, tuberculosis and pneumonia largely contributed to an increase in life expectancy in childhood and in the young in the 1950s and 1960s. The largest contributing disease changed from tuberculosis and pneumonia in earlier decades to cerebrovascular diseases in the 1970s. The largest contributing age group also shifted to older age groups. Age-adjusted death rate for cerebrovascular diseases in 2000 was one fifth of the 1965 level. Cerebrovascular diseases contributed to an increase in life expectancy at birth of 2.9years in males and 3.1 years in females from 1970 to 2000. In the 1990s, the largest contributing age group, both among males and among females, was the 75–84 age group. Of the selected causes of death, heart diseases other than ischemic heart disease became the largest contributor to the increase in life expectancy at birth. Unlike cerebrovascular diseases, cancer and ischemic heart disease contributed little to change in life expectancy at birth over the past 50years. In conclusion, although mortality from ischemic heart disease has not increased since 1970 and remained low compared with levels in western countries, mortality from cerebrovascular diseases has dramatically decreased since the mid-1960s in Japan. This gave Japan the longest life expectancy at birth in the world. It is necessary to study future trends in life expectancy at birth in Japan.     

Cambios en las diferencias por sexo en la esperanza de vida en España (1980-2012): descomposición por edad y causa

Objective

To calculate and analyse the contributions of changes in mortality by age groups and selected causes of death to sex differences in life expectancy at birth in Spain from 1980 to 2012.