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目的探讨青少年攻击行为发生的社会心理因素,为预防和减少此类行为的发生提供理论依据。方法采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)、父母养育方式问卷(EMBU)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ,儿童版)对武汉市1051名中学生进行调查。结果有攻击行为青少年的家庭矛盾性得分高于无攻击行为青少年,而亲密度与知识性得分低于无攻击行为青少年,差异均有统计学意义。攻击行为青少年的父母惩罚严厉、拒绝否认和父亲过分干涉因子得分较高,母亲情感温暖、理解因子得分较低,差异均有统计学意义。攻击行为青少年情绪稳定性、精神质因子得分较高,掩饰性和社会成熟水平因子得分较低,差异均有统计学意义。非条件Logistic多元逐步回归分析显示,居住地社会风气、矛盾性、精神质、神经质是影响青少年攻击行为的危险因素(OR值为1.10~1.98),知识性是青少年攻击行为的保护性因素(OR=0.80)。结论改善家庭和社会环境对降低青少年攻击行为的发生有积极意义。 相似文献
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目的:探讨青年攻击行为发生的生物基础,为攻击行为的干预提供科学依据。方法:随机抽取有攻击行为的20名初中生作为病例,选择性别、年龄、年级、性发育等级和家庭经济状况相同的无攻击行为学生作为对照进行1∶1配对研究。采用放射免疫分析法(Radioimmunoassay,RIA)测定病例组和对照组青少年唾液中皮质醇(CORT)、睾酮(T)、催乳素(PRL)、生长激素(GH)含量。结果:男、女有攻击行为青少年睾酮水平明显高于无攻击行为青少年(P<0.05),男性有攻击行为青少年皮质醇水平明显低于无攻击行为青少年(P<0.05),催乳素、生长激素水平两组比较均无显著性差异。男生攻击性与皮质醇浓度呈负相关(P<0.05),女生攻击性与睾酮浓度呈正相关(P<0.01)。皮质醇是男性青少年攻击行为倾向的预测因子,其水平越高,男生攻击性越小。结论:皮质醇、睾酮是影响青少年攻击性的内分泌因素,青少年的攻击行为的发生和发展与内分泌激素具有密切的关系。 相似文献
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目的 探讨生活压力事件、人格特质与攻击行为之间的互动关系,为青少年攻击行为的预防和心理健康提供理论依据.方法 采用攻击问卷、青少年大五人格特质问卷和生活压力事件问卷,对从广州市整群随机抽取的4所中学的844名学生进行问卷调查,考察青少年生活压力事件、人格特质和攻击行为的关系.结果 青少年攻击行为在年级、性别间差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05).青少年和师长同伴交往的压力对他们的攻击行为表现影响最为广泛,而神经质、宜人性与外倾性对青少年的攻击也有广泛的预测力.青少年体验到的压力会通过影响神经质、宜人性和严谨性3种特质影响其攻击行为的发生.结论 生活压力事件和攻击行为存在显著相关,并且人格特质中的神经质、宜人性和严谨性在生活压力事件和攻击行为之间存在中介作用. 相似文献
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家庭因素与儿童青少年攻击行为关系探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的 探讨与儿童青少年攻击行为明显相关的家庭因素,为预防儿童青少年攻击行为的发生提供理论依据。方法 采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、家庭环境量表中文版(FES-CV)对湖北省5个地区4010名中小学生进行调查。结果 母亲文化程度、父母职业、家庭类型、父母对孩子的教育态度、管教方式与儿童青少年攻击行为的发生有显著关系;多因素logistic回归分析显示:儿童青少年攻击行为的主要危险因素为父母教育态度不一致,孩子与同学、邻居关系不好,家庭矛盾性评分高。结论 家庭因素主要通过父母管教方式、家庭环境质量对儿童青少年攻击行为产生影响。 相似文献
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目的探讨儿童虐待对社区青少年暴力攻击行为的影响,为减少青少年暴力攻击行为的发生提供依据。方法采用病例对照研究的方法,对在儿童期遭受的来自教师的虐待与社区青少年暴力攻击行为之间的关联程度进行分析。结果被教师虐待过的社区青少年发生暴力攻击行为的危险性是未被虐待过的2倍左右,其中被教师打过(OR=1.917)、被教师罚跑(OR=2.125)、被教师罚劳动(OR=2.353)等项目的暴露比值比差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论社区青少年发生暴力攻击行为的危险性因儿童期遭受教师虐待而增加,儿童虐待与社区青少年暴力攻击行为之间为正关联。 相似文献
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目的 了解山东省济宁市11~17岁双生子心理和行为发育现况,探讨影响青少年心理和行为发育的遗传和环境因素.方法 采用青少年自评量表对济宁市210对11~17岁的双生子进行问卷调查.结果 双生子儿童心理行为问题的得分低于普通儿童;除违纪症状外,各综合征得分均随年龄增长而增加;男性自评症状得分高于女性,且违纪(t=2.569,P=0.011)、攻击(t=2.665,P=0.008)和外向(t=2.927,P=0.004)3个因子在性别之间差异有统计学意义.经遗传分析显示,退缩、主诉、焦抑、社交、思维、注意、违纪、攻击和内外向症状的遗传度分别为0.085,0.159,0.054,0.043,0.126,0.002,0.086,0.076,0.001和0.081.结论 双生子儿童心理行为问题发生率低于普通儿童;在青少年心理行为发育的影响因素中,环境为主要因素. 相似文献
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荚翠英 《中国卫生标准管理》2021,(7):27-29
目的针对青少出现的攻击性行为,对行为出现的原因探究,基于家庭因素分析青少年攻击行为因何产生,与家庭因素有着怎样的关系。方法针对某小学,选取200名具有攻击性行为的学生,筛查出100名学生,并邀请学生的家长共同参调查,以评级测试的方法,测试学生和家长的反应,并对其反应行为进行记录。并基于家庭因素探讨攻击产生倾向。结果儿童在面对言语攻击时,产生的分数最高,儿童的产生的攻击性行为,男生产生的攻击倾向明显要大于女生。同时,儿童攻击倾向与年龄也有关系;家庭教育背景因素,也使得儿童攻击行为存在差异。家庭中,父母教育方式也对儿童的攻击行为造成影响,存在差异。结论通过对家长和学生的测试,可以很明显的看出青少年存在的暴力倾向,与家长的言行举止、家庭教育、家长文化素养等都有关系。根据测试记录,有效验证了儿童攻击行为产生因素与家庭的联系,想要减少青少年攻击性行为出现,需要家长为青少年提供温馨的成长环境,保障青少年身心共同发展。 相似文献
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Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.443.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.2372.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.183.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.16711.6). 相似文献
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Context
Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.Methods
Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.Results
In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.Conclusion
An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases. 相似文献13.
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Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Donoghue AM 《Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)》2004,54(5):283-289
This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled. 相似文献
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This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers. 相似文献
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Brown AM 《Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)》1999,49(7):443-447
Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested. 相似文献
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Semple S 《Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)》2005,55(6):419-424
Exposure assessment is a poorly understood component of the science of epidemiology. The relationship between exposure to chemicals and ill-health outcomes is often calculated using crude exposure measures such as ever/never exposed or duration. When investigating subtle effects, exposures need to be characterized much more fully in terms of intensity, frequency, duration and route. While occupational exposures tend to be much greater than those experienced from the wider environment there is a need to remember that, for many chemicals, exposure can occur occupationally, environmentally and through consumer use of products containing the material of interest. Inhalation exposure has generally been the traditional focus for most epidemiological investigations but there is now growing awareness of the importance of the dermal and ingested routes of contact and internalization. Quantification of the exposure also needs to be related to a biological mechanism of action and exposure metrics need to be selected accordingly. Occupational exposures can generally be measured using simple well-validated techniques. Environmental exposures require much more sensitive instruments and are more difficult to assess. Exposure modelling, particularly for the environmental fate of chemicals has undergone many recent developments and Monte Carlo techniques can be used to characterize model uncertainty and variability. This approach to exposure assessment can now be used in the setting of the wider environment and will enable a far better understanding of the relationship between exposure and disease. 相似文献
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Donoghue AM 《Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)》1998,48(6):413-415
A 19-year-old man developed tremor in both hands and fatigue after starting work at a placer gold mine where he was exposed to mercury-gold amalgam. Examination revealed an intention tremor, dysdiadochokinesis and mild rigidity. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration reached a peak of 715 nmol/l (143 ug/l) shortly before the clinical examination, after which he was removed from working in the gold room [Mercury No. Adverse Effect Level: 250 nmol/l (50 ug/l)]. On review 7 weeks later his tremor had almost resolved and the dysdiadochokinesis and rigidity had gone. The 24-h urinary mercury concentration had fallen to 160 nmol/l (32 ug/l). The principal exposure to mercury was considered to be the smelting of retorted gold with previously unrecognized residual mercury in it. The peak air concentration of mercury vapour during gold smelting was 0.533 mg/m3 (Mercury Vapour ACGIH TLV: 0.05 mg/m3 TWA). Several engineering and procedural controls were instituted. This episode occurred at another mine site, unrelated to Mount Isa Mines Limited. 相似文献
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Marianne Eriksson Synneve Dahlin-Ivanoff 《Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy》2013,20(3):119-129
The aim of this study was to explore and describe how adult outpatients with acquired brain damage and referred to occupational therapy perceive computer training with the RehaCom programs, in order to evaluate the method of treatment as a tool in the rehabilitation of persons with cognitive disorders. By using focus-group discussions as a qualitative method of research when analysing the result, five themes with corresponding categories emerged, describing a development of understanding and learning about capacities. Themes describing how the participants could apply strategies to overcome shortcomings in daily occupations and the therapeutic role of the occupational therapist were identified as well. The result shows that a computer training program such as RehaCom can be used as an educational tool, for example, to guide a person who is trying to adopt compensatory strategies to avoid overload by taking pauses. It was found that anything the participants learned was also applicable to occupational performance in daily life. 相似文献