Frontal sinus mucocele: A rare complication of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia

We present plain radiographic, computed tomographic and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a 25-year-old female patient with craniofacial fibrous dysplasia (FD). Although FD has a tendency to involve craniofacial bones in a unilateral fashion, the involvement was bilateral and extensive in this case. An additional feature was the presence of a frontal sinus mucocele, presumably due to the involvement of the sinus recess by the dysplastic process. This complication of the craniofacial FD has been reported very infrequently in the literature.     

Invasive aspergillosis presenting as a cavernous sinus mass in immuno competent individuals; report of 3 cases

Aspergillosis of the cavernous sinus is rare, especially in immuno competent individuals. We report three such cases secondary to paranasal sinus aspergillosis, with imaging findings. Received: 26 March 1998/Accepted: 28 January 1999     

Primary malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus: CT and MRI

We reviewed the CT and MRI of seven patients with primary malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus to find if there are characteristic imaging findings suggestive of the disease. The images were analysed for appearance, size, signal, internal characteristics, extent of tumour, bone change and lymph node enlargement. In two patients, the tumour first presented with mucosal thickening. In the remaining five, the tumours were an expansile mass 4–6 cm in diameter at the time of detection. Although it was difficult to distinguish tumour from mucosa or obstructed fluid on CT, T2-weighted MRI enabled us to separate tumour from normal mucosa or fluid. In two patients, the tumours were heterogeneous. Calcification and haemorrhage were observed in one patient. Periantral soft-tissue infiltration was always present, even when tumour appeared as slight mucosal thickening. Posterior extension was seen in all patients. Permeative and lytic bone destruction accompanied most cases of periantral soft-tissue infiltration; mixed destruction and sclerosis was also observed. Mucosal thickening with periantral soft-tissue infiltration may suggest malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus in its early form. Various types of bone change may accompany the periantral soft-tissue infiltration. Received: 25 January 1999 Accepted: 21 July 1999     

上颌窦区肿瘤的影像鉴别诊断

目的结合上颌窦区3种肿瘤的影像特征,提高上颌窦区肿瘤的鉴别诊断能力。方法通过观察对比上颌窦区腺样囊性癌、神经纤维瘤和骨化性纤维瘤(各1例)的临床特点及CT、MRI表现,分析上颌窦区肿瘤的影像表现异同点。结果上颌窦腺样囊性癌表现为边界不清,受累窦壁骨质呈溶骨性骨质破坏,MRI呈混杂T_1、T_2信号,不均匀强化。翼腭窝神经纤维瘤表现为边界清,邻近骨质呈压迫性骨质吸收,MRI呈混杂等长T_2信号,增强扫描呈不均匀强化。骨化性纤维瘤表现为边界清,窦壁骨质呈膨胀性改变,有骨性包壳,MRI呈混杂T_1、T_2信号,不均匀强化。结论骨质改变是上颌窦区肿瘤鉴别诊断的关键点,最终诊断需要结合临床、CT和MRI表现。     

上颌窦炎性假瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的 分析上颌窦炎性假瘤的CT和MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析8例经组织学证实的上颌窦炎性假瘤的CT(8例)、MRI(7例)资料,并分析其中3例MR动态增强扫描的时间-信号强度曲线(TIC).结果 病变位于左侧2例,右侧6例;病变均呈不规则形,边界清楚5例、模糊3例,最大径平均51 mm(29～72 mm).CT表现:与脑实质比较,平扫6例呈等密度,2例呈略低密度,2例增强后呈中度强化;受累窦壁骨质吸收、破坏,残端骨质伴有硬化.MRI表现:T_1 WI呈低信号2例、等信号5例;T_2 WI呈不均匀低信号6例、等信号1例;增强后病变呈不均匀轻度强化2例、中度强化5例;3例动态增强扫描的TIC均为持续上升型.病变累及同侧鼻腔6例、颞下窝和翼腭窝4例、眼眶4例及面颊部3例,MRI更清楚、准确显示窦外蔓延的范围.结论 骨质破坏伴有残存骨质硬化、T_2 WI呈较低信号是上颌窦炎性假瘤较特征性表现;CT和MRI联合使用能够对该病的诊断、治疗及随访提供更全面的信息.     

Cases from the Cleveland Clinic: cerebral venous sinus thrombosis presenting to the emergency department with worst headache of life

A 31 year old woman presented with the worst headache of her life and was diagnosed with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) by routine unenhanced computed tomography (CT) scan, subsequently confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Awareness of this less common cause for acute neurological presentation in the Emergency setting is important; the imaging characteristics of CVST are reviewed.     

Abdominal Hemangiomas: A Pictorial Review of Unusual,Atypical, and Rare Types

Hemangiomas are a radiologist's dream lesions because they allow a confident diagnosis most of the time. However, within the abdomen, hemangiomas may occur in such atypical locations and can have such unusual features that they cause significant diagnostic dilemma and may end up being excised surgically. The literature is replete with isolated case reports of atypical hemangiomas in the abdominal cavity, and, to our knowledge, so far, there is no comprehensive review. We present, in this article, a pictorial review of a gamut of uncommon hemangiomas and hemangiomatosis syndromes. Knowledge of these rare types can help in limiting diagnostic errors and increase the confidence of radiologists, thus avoiding unnecessary surgeries.     

Congenital midline cleft of the posterior arch of atlas: a rare cause of symptomatic cervical canal stenosis

Developmental symptomatic C1 canal stenosis is very rare. We describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances in a 8-year-old child who presented with progressive upper and lower limb neurological symptoms and in whom imaging revealed the medial posterior hemiarches of a bifid C1 to be inturned and compressing the cervical cord. This particular configuration of the posterior arch of atlas is frequently associated with other craniocervical bony anomalies and presents with neurological symptoms early in life. Early CT or MRI examination of patients with symptomatic posterior arch of C1 defects is necessary, in order to detect such an appearance, since surgical treatment may prevent neurological deterioration.     

Capillary hemangioma of the sphenoid sinus with intrasellar and parasellar extensions

Capillary hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors usually diagnosed in infancy and involving skin and soft tissues. We report a rare case of an adult capillary hemangioma of the left sphenoid sinus extending into the intrasellar and parasellar regions. A 71-year-old woman presented with complaints of headaches and diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a T2-hyperintense mass-like lesion involving the left posterior ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses and left cavernous sinus, that had extended into the intrasellar and parasellar regions. Dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed enhancing vessel-like structures within the lesion during the arterial phase, which were observed to expand further in the late phase of the examination. This characteristic feature indicated increased vascularity, suggesting the presence of a capillary hemangioma. The patient underwent endoscopic resection via the endonasal transpterygoid approach, and the lesion was diagnosed histopathologically as a capillary hemangioma. To aid diagnosis and clinical management, radiologists should be aware of the imaging findings related to capillary hemangiomas.     

Discal cyst: a rare cause of low back pain and sciatica

We report a case of a 54-year-old man suffering from sciatalgia unresponsive to medical treatment. Imaging revealed a discal cyst the level L3-L4, a rare cause of low back pain, which has characteristic imaging features. In particular, on Magnetic Resonance Imaging it appears as a cystic formation with fluid content, which usually arises from the posterior contour of the intervertebral disc and it frequently has air bubbles within it. The patient underwent surgical treatment with resolution of symptoms.     

MRI及CT对软组织海绵状、蔓状血管瘤的诊断价值

目的 :探讨软组织海绵状血管瘤 (CH)、蔓状血管瘤 (RH)的MRI、CT表现及诊断价值。方法 :回顾性总结经手术及病理证实 2 1例CH及 14例RH的MRI和CT表现。结果 :CH在MRI上呈团块或不规则状 ,边界清楚 ,血窦呈不均匀等T1长T2 信号 ,瘤内纤维、脂肪组织呈花边、条状分隔或串珠样短T2 信号 ;CT示肿瘤密度不均 ,有分隔 ,呈中等度强化。RH形态不规则、边界欠清 ,MRT1WI及T2 WI可见其内管状流空血管影 ;CT示瘤内见结节状、蚓状等、高密度影 ,部分有钙化、静脉石 ,增强扫描呈结节状、条状明显强化。结论 :CH和RH影像表现具有相对特征性 ;CT有利于显示瘤内钙化、静脉石 ,MRI则可反映瘤内脉管及非血管组织成分 ,对定性诊断有重要的价值。     

Recurrent ovarian endodermal sinus tumor: demonstration by computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and positron emission tomography

We report a case of recurrent endodermal sinus tumor.of the ovary that was identified and/or clearly depicted by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. The potential roles of various imaging modalities in the detection of recurrent endodermal sinus tumor are discussed.     

Paranasal sinus imaging

Endonasal surgery is currently extending its application beyond inflammatory sinonasal lesions to successfully treat both benign and malignant neoplasms. This progression has been possible by the detailed information provided by imaging techniques (CT, MRI and PET). Inflammatory diseases are the "domain" of CT. CT provides excellent details about the thin bony sinonasal walls separating the ethmoid from the anterior skull base and the orbit. Benign and malignant neoplasms are the "domain" of MRI because the tumor is more easily separated from adjacent structures, the periosteal linings (periorbita, dura mater) and perineural spread can be accurately shown. Whereas MRI precisely assess pre-treatment tumor extent, early submucosal local recurrences are difficult to demonstrate because of post-treatment changes of the anatomy and of the signal of treated tissues. Though diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced techniques are promising developments, PET-CT may overcome the limits of morphological MRI.     

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the ethmoid sinus

Only a smal proportion of cases of this rare neoplasm occur in the skull. We present an unusually extensive tumour in a young man. Received: 1 June 1997 Accepted: 17 January 1998     

Giant arachnoid granulation mimicking dural sinus thrombosis in a boy with headache: MRI

We report MRI and angiographic findings of an unusual giant arachnoid granulation in the left sigmoid sinus in a boy with headache. Its signal intensity was lower than that of cerebral cortex on T1-weighted images and higher on T2 weighting, mimicking dural sinus thrombosis. Received: 17 February 1997 Accepted: 17 February 1997     

MRI在鉴别眼球脉络膜血管瘤与黑色素瘤中的价值

目的分析眼球脉络膜血管瘤与黑色素瘤的常规及动态增强MRI特征,以提高对这两种疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断水平。资料与方法脉络膜血管瘤9例,脉络膜黑色素瘤12例,均经术后病理或临床证实,所有病例均行常规和动态增强MRI检查,观察各个序列MRI表现,并通过动态增强时间-信号强度曲线(TIC),计算最大强化时间(Tmax)、最大强化率(ER)、上升斜率(Slope)及流出率(WR),最后进行统计学分析。结果脉络膜血管瘤与黑色素瘤无论在发病部位、病灶大小、信号特征、强化方式,还是在ER、Slope及WR上均有显著性差异(P<0.05),而且后者可以提供定量信息。结论 MRI常规序列结合动态增强检查在脉络膜血管瘤和黑色素瘤的鉴别诊断上具有重要价值,同时为鉴别眼球内其他病变提供有力的依据。     

Coil migration into coronary sinus: A rare complication of percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of portal systemic collaterals

A 62-year-old woman underwent percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of a giant portal-systemic shunt. Just after inserting a coil into the shunt, it slipped through the giant shunt and migrated to the right atrium. CT showed coil migration into the coronary sinus.     

“Eraseroma” as a cause of rhinolith: CT and MRI in a child

We report a 5-year old girl with progressive difficulty in breathing through the nose whose clinical diagnosis was nasal tumour. CT showed a calcified nodular mass and MRI a nonspecific nodular lesion in the right nasal cavity. The radiological suspicion was a rhinolith. The operative specimen showed that an eraser from a pencil was the primary source. We underline the rarity of this entity and the important role of radiological studies in preoperative recognition. Received: 25 February 1997 Accepted: 26 February 1997     

颅内海绵状血管瘤的病理及MR特征

目的:结合颅内海绵状血管瘤的病理特征,分析其MRI影像学表现.方法:搜集颅内海绵状血管瘤共53例,其中脑内型40例,脑外型13例,全部病例均行MRI检查.结果:脑内型海绵状血管瘤MRI大多表现为爆米花样或桑椹状的混杂信号灶,周边围以低信号环;脑外型T1WI表现为均匀低信号,T2WI为高信号,增强扫描明显强化.结论:不同类型的颅内海绵状血管瘤具有不同的病理学特点,导致其MRI表现的不同,其手术方案及预后亦有很大差异.利用MRI检查术前可做出准确诊断,从而指导手术方案的制订.     

Gyral abnormalities in the early stage of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis

We report computed tomography (CT) features in a case of segmental thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus. On the initial cranial CT scan, both frontal cortices showed focal areas of slightly increased attenuation. The lesions were isointense on magnetic resonance (MR) images no matter what pulse sequence was used, except on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images, which showed curvilinear sulcal hyperintensity. On postcontrast T1-weighted images, curvilinearly enhancing structures were apparent in both frontal cortical sulci. No lesion appeared on follow-up CT or in MR images. We speculated that the areas of slightly increased attenuation in the cortices represented blood congestion in the cortical veins, venules and capillaries without serum leakage. Cranial CT images should be carefully interpreted to avoid overlooking subtle lesions.