Handbook of implicit cognition and addiction. by Wiers, R. W. & Stacy, A. W.

In 1917, Sigmund Freud described three insults to humanity.According to Freud, scientific findings dealt a blow to humanegocentrism by discovering that (1) the earth is not the centreof the universe, (2) the human race is not the coronation ofevolution but only part of it, and (3) cognition and consciousnessis only a small part of information processed in the brain.Although the third point has long been accepted, social scientistsappear to favour phenomena which can be directly observed orat least introspectively reflected. It seems evident or perhapsmore convenient to investigate the visible rather than the darkside of the moon. The study of explicit cognition—usually assessed by askingpeople to introspect about the causes of their drinking behaviour—hasa long tradition in alcohol