能与沙门菌及O157诊断血清交叉凝集的细菌分离与鉴定

目的:研究能与沙门菌、大肠埃希菌O157发生交叉凝集的细菌,为防止误诊提供参考。方法:采用观察形态、血清学凝集、以及API20E生化鉴定试剂盒进行系统生化鉴定的方法。结果:生化鉴定符合变形杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌、柠檬酸杆菌的18株肠杆菌,其中11株能与沙门菌多价血清发生交叉反应凝集,7株能与大肠埃希菌O157血清发生交叉凝集。结论:在肠杆菌科细菌的鉴定中,单凭血清学反应做出判定,容易产生错误的结论,为确保菌株鉴定的准确性,应当血清学反应和全面生化检验结合的方法。     

5株与志贺菌诊断血清交叉凝集的其他肠杆菌的鉴定与分析

目的研究能与志贺菌诊断血清发生交叉凝集的细菌,为实验室细菌鉴定提供参考。方法对自从业人员健康体检中分离的与志贺菌血清交叉凝集的可疑菌落,依据WS 271-2007《感染性腹泻的诊断标准》进行生化试验和血清学试验,参考SN/T 1869-2007《食品中多种致病菌快速检测方法 PCR法》进行ipa H毒力基因检测。结果 5株与志贺菌诊断血清交叉凝集的肠杆菌,分别是蜂房哈夫尼亚菌、弗格森埃希菌、摩氏摩根菌和2株大肠埃希菌,除侵袭性大肠埃希菌(EIEC)外,其余4株均能通过PCR试验与志贺菌进行区别。结论志贺菌鉴定必须血清学结合生化试验结果进行判定,PCR方法可辅助进行鉴定。     

5株与志贺氏菌诊断血清交叉凝集的其他肠杆菌的鉴定与分析

目的研究能与志贺氏菌诊断血清发生交叉凝集的细菌,为实验室细菌鉴定提供参考。方法对自从业人员健康体检中分离的与志贺氏菌血清交叉凝集的可疑菌落,依据WS 271-2007《感染性腹泻的诊断标准》进行生化试验和血清学试验,参考SN/T 1869-2007《食品中多种致病菌快速检测方法 PCR法》进行ipaH毒力基因检测。结果5株与志贺氏菌诊断血清交叉凝集的肠杆菌,分别是蜂房哈夫尼亚菌,弗格森埃希菌,摩氏摩根菌和2株大肠埃希氏菌,除侵袭性大肠埃希氏菌（EIEC）外,其余4株均能通过PCR试验与志贺氏菌进行区别。结论志贺氏菌鉴定必须血清学结合生化试验结果进行判定,PCR方法可辅助进行鉴定。     

一株与福氏志贺菌1 a交叉凝集的低活性大肠埃希菌

志贺菌属是细菌性痢疾的病原菌,利用糖类的能力较不活泼[1],在SS琼脂上的形态和在TSI上的生化特性与临床标本中常见的低活性大肠埃希菌相同,且与大肠埃希菌的O抗原关系非常密切[2],在血清学上常存在交叉凝集,易造成错误鉴定。现将一株与福氏志贺菌Ⅰa交叉凝集的低活性大肠埃希菌的鉴定及体会报告如下:1材料与方法1·1菌株来源临床医院上送的福氏志贺菌,从腹泻病人大便中分离所得。1·2检测用仪器、培养基及试剂1·2·1仪器ATB生化鉴定仪。1·2·2 SS、TSI培养基由杭州天和微生物试剂公司生产;ATB生化鉴定试剂条ID 32 E肠杆菌和其它…     

一株具有痢疾志贺菌抗原与基因相关性的侵袭性大肠埃希菌O29

目的对造成婴儿腹泻的粪便标本中所分离出的一株菌株进行鉴定。方法使用VITEK 2和志贺菌血清以及大肠埃希菌血清对此株菌进行生化和血清学鉴定。毒力基因和药敏试验以及对菌株进行多位点序列分析找出它与大肠杆菌和志贺菌之间的基因相关性。结果生化鉴定为大肠埃希菌,此菌对侵袭性大肠埃希菌O29以及痢疾志贺菌1型血清都凝集。检测出ipa H基因。多位点序列分析显示属于ST38这一簇。结论此菌株是侵袭性大肠埃希菌。     

检出一株双糖铁反应似志贺菌属血清学交叉的产毒性大肠埃希菌

[目的]介绍1株来自腹泻病人的与志贺菌属多价或单价血清交叉凝集的优势菌,经全面生化反应,微生物鉴定仪及血清学鉴定结果为产毒性大肠埃希菌。[方法]参照GB 4789.5-94和GB 4789.6-94检验。[结果]2份标本分离到的优势菌,先疑似志贺菌,经全面生化反应、微生物鉴定系统及血清学证实为1株产毒性大肠埃希菌O25K19(L)。[结论]在肠道致病菌的鉴定中,即使是血清学反应符合的菌株也应结合生化检验结果做出判断。     

大肠埃希菌O157:H7嵌合荧光RAM检测分析

目的建立大肠埃希菌O157：H7的嵌合荧光法（SYBR Green I）实时网状分枝扩增（RAM）检测技术.方法将产志贺样毒素大肠埃希菌O157：H7靶基因递比稀释确定SYBR Green I实时RAM的灵敏度,并进一步检测临床分离的菌株.结果SYBR Green I实时网状分枝扩增技术最低能检测10个产志贺样毒素大肠埃希菌O157：H7,检测信号出现的时间与靶基因的浓度成正比,临床分离3株产志贺样毒素大肠埃希菌O157为阳性,而非致病性大肠埃希菌为阴性.结论SYBR Green I实时RAM是一种快速、灵敏、准确、实时、环保的检测大肠埃希菌O157：H7的新核酸扩增技术.     

两种菌与沙门菌菌体抗原交叉凝集报告

大肠埃希菌与枸橼酸杆菌属、沙门菌属等,在O抗原上存在很多交叉反应[1]。但两种细菌恰好与沙门菌菌体抗原凝集却很少有人报道。在今年从业人员健康体检大便培养中检出一株大肠埃希菌和一株弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌,它们分别与沙门菌O15、O3,19抗原诊断血清发生凝集。现将试验结果报道如下。     

生化反应属于大肠埃希菌而血清学符合鲍氏Ⅱ型志贺菌株的初探

对从健康人群身上分离到的一株生化反应属于大肠埃希菌而血清学符合鲍氏Ⅱ型志贺菌的菌株的生物学性状进行初步研究。健康人群粪便样本经增菌、分离培养后挑取可疑菌株作培养、生化反应、血清学鉴定。“K-B”法检测细菌对抗生素敏感性。该菌为G-杆菌、生化性状符合大肠埃希菌,药敏试验对多种抗生素耐药,同时,对氯霉素、丁胺卡那敏感。血清学鉴定符合鲍氏Ⅱ型志贺菌。该菌株从生化反应,血清学两方面来看,需进一步研究。     

从海产品中检出大肠埃希菌O157:H7

目的：调查南京市饮食行业海鲜类食品受大肠埃希菌O157：H7污染的状况。方法：随机采取南京市各大宾馆的海水产品，进行大肠埃希菌O157：H7的检测，进行常规生化和血清学、毒力基因的PCR检测。结果：从一份文蛤样品中成功分离到了1株大肠埃希菌O157：H7。结论：提示我们该菌的宿主范围比较广，须引起高度重视，加强防范，遏止其流行势头。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.