Differential leukocytosis and lymphocyte mitogenic response to acute maximal exercise in the young and old.

Despite the increasing use of exercise in the elderly as a means of improving muscle function, little is known regarding the effects of exercise on the senescent immune system. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acute maximal exercise on blood leukocyte numbers, leukocyte subsets, and the T cell mitogenic response in the elderly. METHODS: Previously sedentary elderly (N = 33, 65.3 +/- 0.8 yr) and young (N = 14, 22.4 +/- 0.7 yr) subjects participated in a modified Balke maximal exercise treadmill test. Venous blood samples were collected pre-, immediately post-, and 20 min postexercise. Blood was analyzed for leukocyte counts, leukocyte subsets via immunofluorescence, and whole blood mitogenesis in response to various doses of mitogens. RESULTS: Whereas VO2max was lower in the elderly, maximal RQ, age-predicted heart rates, and times to fatigue were not different, indicating that both groups achieved relative maximal exercise intensity. There were significant exercise-induced leukocytoses in both the elderly and young made up largely of a lymphocytosis and neutrophilia. The magnitude of the leukocytosis was lower in the elderly and failed to return to pre-exercise levels by 20 min postexercise. Acute maximal exercise increased CD8+ (153% vs 112% in young and old, respectively) and CD4+ (57% vs 22% in young and old, respectively) T cells when measured immediately postexercise. By 20 min postexercise, concentrations in the young were not significantly different from baseline, whereas CD8 cell number was still elevated in the old. The elderly had significantly higher percentages of memory (i.e., CD45RO+) and significantly lower percentages of naive (i.e., CD45RA+) CD4 and CD8 T cells pre-exercise, and the young and old recruited approximately equal numbers of CD8+ naive and memory cells to the blood in response to exercise. In contrast, the aged recruited significantly fewer numbers of CD4+ naive and transitional (CD45RA+RO+) cells. At most doses of Con A and PHA, the lymphoproliferative response was lower in the elderly subjects even though they had significantly higher numbers and percentages of CD3+ cells. Interestingly, immediately postexercise, young (but not old) subjects demonstrated reduced proliferative ability on a per CD3+ cell basis. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that several blood leukocyte responses to maximal exercise stress are similar in the young and the old. However, the elderly demonstrate a less resilient leukocytosis and a different lympho-proliferative response following acute maximal exercise.     

低剂量颗粒溶素对单核细胞和T细胞具有趋化作用

目的探讨低剂量颗粒溶素(GNLY)对免疫细胞的趋化作用。方法抽取健康人全血,分离出外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),经免疫磁珠法纯化出单核细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞、CD4+/CD45RA+T细胞、CD4+/CD45RO+T细胞、CD8+/CD45RA+T细胞和CD8+/CD45RO+T细胞,再用96孔微孔趋化板进行趋化反应。结果颗粒溶素可趋化一些T细胞系、单核细胞系,趋化指数≥2(P<0.05),而对B细胞系的趋化指数为<2。用百日咳毒素预处理过的T细胞系、单核细胞系不再对颗粒溶素有反应,提示颗粒溶素介导的趋化作用涉及G蛋白偶连受体。结论颗粒溶素不仅是一种细胞毒性分子,而且具有化学趋化作用。颗粒溶素在10～100μmol发挥细胞毒活性而在相对较低的浓度下发挥趋化作用且此效应涉及G蛋白偶连受体。     

High-Intensity Training Reduces CD8+ T-cell Redistribution in Response to Exercise

PURPOSE: We examined whether exercise-induced lymphocytosis and lymphocytopenia are impaired with high-intensity training. METHODS: Eight trained cyclists (V˙O2max = 64.2 ± 6.5 mL·kg·min) undertook 1 wk of normal-intensity training and a second week of high-intensity training. On day 7 of each week, participants performed a cycling task, consisting of 120 min of submaximal exercise followed by a 45-min time trial. Blood was collected before, during, and after exercise. CD8 T lymphocytes (CD8TLs) were identified, as well as CD8TL subpopulations on the basis of CD45RA and CD27 expression. RESULTS: High-intensity training (18,577 ± 10,984 cells per microliter × ～165 min) was associated with a smaller exercise-induced mobilization of CD8TLs compared with normal-intensity training (28,473 ± 16,163 cells per microliter × ～165 min, P = 0.09). The response of highly cytotoxic CD8TLs (CD45RACD27) to exercise was smaller after 1 wk of high-intensity training (3144 ± 924 cells per microliter × ～165 min) compared with normal-intensity training (6417 ± 2143 cells per microliter × ～165 min, P < 0.05). High-intensity training reduced postexercise CD8TL lymphocytopenia (-436 ± 234 cells per microliter) compared with normal-intensity training (-630 ± 320 cells per microliter, P < 0.05). This was driven by a reduced egress of naive CD8TLs (CD27CD45RA). High-intensity training was associated with reduced plasma epinephrine (-37%) and cortisol (-15%) responses (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High-intensity training impaired CD8TL mobilization and egress in response to exercise. Highly cytotoxic CD8TLs were primarily responsible for the reduced mobilization of CD8TLs, which occurred in parallel with smaller neuroendocrine responses. The reduced capacity for CD8TLs to leave blood after exercise with high-intensity training was accounted for primarily by naive, and also, highly cytotoxic CD8TLs. This impaired CD8TL redistribution in athletes undertaking intensified training may imply reduced immune surveillance.     

Severe damage of CD4-2H4+ T subpopulation cells (naive T cells and suppressor/inducer) by radiation therapy, their recovery being promoted by a plant alkaloid]

Radiation therapy eventually causes severe damage of lymphocytes. We examined numbers of CD4+ (helper/inducer) and CD8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) T cells, as well as CD4-2H4+ and CD8-2H4+ subpopulation cells in the peripheral blood of patients during the radiation therapy, when lymphocytes decreased to the lowest level (500-1000/mm3). The highest molecular isoforms of the CD45 antigen family, recognized by monoclonal antibody (2H4), are designated CD45RA. Mature but antigen non-primed, naive T cells expressing CD45RA were assumed to be most radiosensitive among T cells, from the view point of radiation biology. Analysis of their damage was, therefore, the focus of this study. The mean values for all cell populations were significantly reduced as compared to those of normal individuals, the CD4-2H4+ cells having been affected most severely. Recovery was first detected in CD8-2H4+ cells after one month. Intravenous injections of a plant alkaloid, Cepharanthin, was effective in promoting recovery of CD4-2H4+ subpopulation.     

Effects of unaccustomed and accustomed exercise on the immune response in runners

PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that long-term immunological response may be different after accustomed concentric and unaccustomed eccentric exercise in endurance-trained men. METHODS: Fourteen highly endurance-trained male runners performed two bouts of high-intensity exercise with at least 2-wk intervals between bouts. Concentric exercise consisted of a 60-min level run with a targeted heart rate of 80% VO2 peak. Eccentric exercise was conducted lying on a specially designed exercise rack, eliciting eccentric action of the musculus quadriceps femoris. Blood samples were taken before and 1, 6, 24, 72, and 144 h after exercise to determine creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Lymphocyte subset distribution was assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: We found a significant (P < 0.05) increase of CD4 (eccentric: 17%; concentric: 20%), CD3+/CD4+ (16 vs 19%), CD25+ (45 vs 29%), CD25+/CD4+ (27 vs 50%), HLA-DR+ (20 vs 15%), HLA-DR+/CD4+ (16 vs 67%), and CD19+/CD45+ (52 vs 103%) positive lymphocytes 1 h after both exercise bouts. However, eccentric exercise resulted in a significantly higher and longer (6 h) increase of CD25+/CD4+ and HLA-DR+/CD8+ lymphocytes and a peak increase of CK at 72 h. IL-6 and CRP increased only after concentric exercise within the first 24 h. Both exercises resulted in a decrease of monocyte activation (LFA-1: CD18+/CD11a+) after 6 h, with an increase for the eccentric exercise part after 24 h (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Accustomed concentric exercise mainly induced an acute-phase response, with increased CRP, IL-6, and activation of CD4 lymphocyte subsets. Unaccustomed eccentric exercise provided a delayed increase in CK and activation of monocytes and CD4+ and CD8+ subsets. Therefore, the immunological reaction depends not only on the type of contraction but also on the adaptation to the exercise.     

Substance P effects on developing thymocytes in hindlimb unloaded rats

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of substance P (SP) on the immune system in a condition similar to microgravity. We analyzed immune disturbances caused by subjecting Fischer 344 rats to a 45 degrees antiorthostatic suspension technique, otherwise known as the hindlimb unloading (HU) model. METHODS: Four groups of rats were assigned to either the prone control non-substance P group (P-NSP), prone control substance P group (P-SP), hindlimb unloaded non-substance P (HU-NSP) or the hindlimb unloaded substance P group (HU-SP). SP was administered at 10 ml of a 1 micromol x L(-1) concentration for 15 min x d(-1). HU and SP exposure for all groups lasted 16 d. After 16 d, 500 microl of blood was obtained to assay for both T-cell phenotype and corticosterone (CS) levels. Thymus lobes were excised in order to examine T-cell phenotype. Thymocytes were counted and stained for lymphocyte markers (CD4, CD8, and CD3). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to determine significance between groups (p < or = 0.05). RESULTS: HU-NSP rats showed a decrease in thymic CD4+CD8 +/- cells from 85.51 +/- 1.9% to 62.06 +/- 1.9% when compared with P-NSP rats. SP reversed these effects and returned CD4+CD8+ cells to control levels (76.60 +/- 1.9%). DISCUSSION: Daily SP treatment was found to reverse the deleterious effects caused by HU and corticosterone in rat thymic immune cells. SP could prove to be an effective means for keeping the immune system functioning at normal levels in microgravity, allowing astronauts to stay in space longer and maintain a more productive immune system.     

Expression of lymphocyte subsets after exercise and dexamethasone in high and low stress responders

PURPOSE: Recent work indicates that among the normal population, persons can be classified as low (LR) or high (HR) stress responders based on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses to high-intensity exercise. We studied whether differential activation of the HPA axis affected cytokine production and expression of selected lymphocyte subsets in HR and LR in response to high-intensity exercise after placebo and dexamethasone (DEX; 4 mg). METHODS: Healthy HR (N = 12) and LR (N = 10) underwent two exercise tests at 90% of VO2max, 8 h after placebo or DEX. Expression of lymphocyte surface markers (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+), adhesion molecule markers (intercellular adhesion molecule-1/ICAM-1: CD54+ and L-selectin: CD62L+), and concentrations of plasma interleukin 6 (IL-6) were examined before and after exercise. RESULTS: Baseline percentages of CD8+ and CD56+ cells were significantly higher, and concentrations of IL-6 and percentages of CD4+ cells were significantly lower in HR as compared with LR. The percentage of CD54+ and CD62L+ cells was not significantly different in HR and LR. DEX significantly reduced the percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ and increased the percentage of CD8+ and CD56+ subsets; the percent of cells expressing CD54+ increased, whereas CD62L+ decreased. Exercise-induced changes in the percentage of lymphocyte subsets were similar to those induced by DEX. CONCLUSION: In summary, HR and LR have different baseline patterns of IL-6 and lymphocyte subsets, which may reflect differential sensitivity to endogenous glucocorticoids. However, exogenous glucocorticoids induced similar patterns of lymphocyte expression in HR and LR.     

CD94 expression and natural killer cell activity after acute exercise

This study examined the effects of acute exercise on natural killer (NK) cell numbers, their expression of CD94 and cytotoxic capacity in triathletes over a 10-week training period. Nine highly trained male triathletes (age 25.9+/-4.1 yrs, VO2max 5.14+/-0.33 L.min(-1)) attended the laboratory on weeks 0, 2, 5 and 10 for incremental submaximal and maximal cycle ergometry. Peripheral blood was analysed for white blood cell counts, lymphocyte phenotype and cytolytic activity (51Cr release from K562 cells). Maximum oxygen consumption increased from week 2 (5.14+/-0.33 L.min(-1)) to week 10 (5.28+/-0.32 L.min(-1)). Resting NK cell numbers and their expression of CD94 were not altered over the 10-week study period. Natural killer cells expressing CD94+ were not differentially recruited into the circulation and cytolytic activity of exercise-recruited NKs did not differ from those present at rest. There was longitudinal stability (over the 10 weeks of the study) in CD94 expression on NK cells, exercise recruitment of CD94+ NK cells and cytolytic capacity of NK cells. The distribution and functional activity of NK cells are not markedly influenced by 10 weeks of training in competitive triathletes. Natural killer cytotoxic activity after exercise reflects numbers of NK cells and not a changed activation state of these cells per se.     

Distribution of 99mTc-labeled lymphocytes in control and inflamed rats

We studied the in vivo fate of CD8(+) lymphocytes, of naive (CD8(+)CD45RC(bright)) or memory (CD8(+)CD45RC(dim)) phenotype, injected in syngeneic rats, after their sorting and labeling with [(99m)Tc] HM-PAO. By using the scintigrafic method we showed that memory CD8(+) lymphocytes were able to recirculate into liver and lungs. The same method was also successfully used to in vivo study the homing of total blood lymphocytes obtained from inflamed rats.     

Effect of intense wrestling exercise on leucocytes and adhesion molecules in adolescent boys

BACKGROUND: In adults, exercise is a powerful and natural stimulator of immune cells and adhesion molecules. Far less is known about exercise responses during childhood and adolescence and whether or not exercise in "real life" activities of healthy adolescents influences immune responses. OBJECTIVE: To determine if strenuous exercise leads to significant changes in leucocyte number and adhesion molecule expression in adolescent boys. METHODS: Eleven healthy, high school boys, aged 14-18.5 years, performed a single, typical, 1.5 hour wrestling practice session. Blood was sampled before and after the session. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate changes in immune responses. RESULTS: The exercise led to significant (p<0.05) and robust increases in granulocytes, monocytes, and all lymphocyte subpopulations. The most significant changes were observed for natural killer cells (p<0.0005). The number of T cytotoxic and T helper cells expressing CD62L increased significantly (p<0.002 and p<0.0005 respectively), as did the number of T cytotoxic and T helper cells not expressing CD62L (p<0.003 and p<0.009 respectively). The density of CD62L on lymphocytes decreased significantly with exercise (p<0.0005), whereas CD11a (p<0.01) and CD54 (p<0.01) increased. CONCLUSIONS: The data show that an intense wrestling bout in adolescent boys leads to profound stimulation of the immune system. The role of these common changes in overall immune status and the development of the immune and haemopoietic systems has yet to be determined.     

Alveolitis in patients with sarcoidosis]

In 20 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. The cellular content was analysed and lymphocyte subpopulation was determined using monoclonal antibodies. The patients with more than 28% of BAL T lymphocytes are classified as patients with high intensity alveolitis (n = 8) and those with less than 28% of T lymphocytes as low intensity alveolitis (n = 12). Of the total number of BAL T lymphocytes in high intensity alveolitis CD 3+ T cells were 88.8 +/- 8.4% and in low intensity alveolitis 68.2 +/- 13.8% (p < 0.001). In high intensity alveolitis the number of CD 4+ T cells was increased and the number of CD 8+ T cells was decreased which caused the increased index CD 4:CD 8; 9.8 +/- 8.7. In low intensity alveolitis this ratio was 2.2 +/- 1.2. Effects of smoking were also analysed. In smokers the total number of BAL cells was higher 184.0 +/- 47.2 x 10(4) ml of BAL, and in nonsmokers 101.3 +/- 65.1 x 10(4) ml of BAL (p < 0.001). Smoking has no effects on the characteristics of the cellular elements and subpopulation of BAL lymphocytes in patients with sarcoidosis. In 7 patients T lymphocyte subpopulation in the peripheral blood were determined too. Patients with high intensity alveolitis had the increased index CD 4:CD 8 in the peripheral blood compared with low intensity alveolitis.     

延迟复苏对40%血容量失血犬外周血淋巴细胞功能影响的初步研究

目的观察延迟复苏对犬40%血容量失血后淋巴细胞免疫功能的影响。方法雄性Beagle犬8只,按全身血容量的40%半小时放血完毕。伤后24 h开始液体复苏,伤后第二个24 h按失血量的3倍给予乳酸林格液,48h后给予生理需要量。记录动物72 h死亡率,采集伤前及伤后1、4、24、48、72 h的外周静脉血,检测T淋巴细胞凋亡率、增殖能力、CD3+/CD4+和CD3+/CD8+T淋巴细胞的百分率,并计算其比值。结果与伤前比较,失血性休克后1、4、24、48、72 h各点T淋巴细胞凋亡率均较伤前显著降低(均P<0.05);伤后24 h和72 h淋巴细胞增殖能力较伤前降低,但24 h和72 h之间无显著差异。伤后CD4+T细胞比例无显著变化,CD8+T细胞比例较伤前显著增加。CD4+/CD8+T淋巴细胞比例于伤后1 h开始下降,伤后4、24、48、72 h均比伤前显著降低(P<0.05);但复苏前后无显著差别。结论犬40%血容量失血导致淋巴细胞免疫功能持续抑制,延迟复苏并不能有效改善免疫功能。     

Chl H/RS细胞与背景细胞蛋白表达的相关性

目的:探讨cHL肿瘤性H/RS细胞与反应性背景淋巴细胞蛋白表达的相关性.方法:采用免疫组化SABC法对32例cHL进行CD20、CD30、CD15、CD45RO和LMPI蛋白表达的检测.结果:(1)32例cHL中LrHL11例,NSHL2例,MCHL14例,LDHL5例;(2)30/32(93.8%)的H/RS细胞与14/32(43.8%)的北景淋巴细胞表达CD30,25/32J(78.1%)的H/RS细胞与7/32(21.9%)的背景淋巴细胞表达CD15 6/32(18.8%)的H/RS细胞与8/32(25.0%)的背景淋巴细胞优势表达CD20,7/32(21.9%)的H/RS细胞与18/32(56.3%)的背景淋巴细胞优势表达CD45RO;(3) 20/32(62.5%)的H/RS细胞表达LMP1蛋白.结论:H/RS及其背景细胞的在蛋白表达水平上具有一定的相关性,检测CD20、CD30、CD15、CD45RO和LMP1五蛋白表达基本能协助HL的诊断与分型诊断.     

Modulation of immune responses by treadmill exercise in Sprague-Dawley rats

AIM: The duration-dependence of the effect of forced treadmill exercise on the immune system is a subject of ongoing research. In this study, the effect of forced treadmill exercise on immune responses was investigated by evaluating the lymphocyte subset fractions in the peripheral blood and spleen of Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Experimental design: Comparative investigation over 8 weeks. Setting: Experimental animal laboratory. Participants: Male Sprague-Dawley rats 5 weeks of age, weighing 150+/-10 g. Interventions: Animals were randomly assigned to one of the 4 following groups: the control group, the 1-week-exercise group, the 4-week-exercise group, and the 8-week-exercise group. Measures: Lymphocyte subset fractions, including those for T, B, CD4+, and CD8+ cells and the T/B and CD4+/CD8+ ratios in the peripheral blood and spleen were measured via flow cytometric analysis after treadmill exercise. RESULTS: The T cell and CD4+ cell fractions in both the peripheral blood and spleen were increased significantly after 8 weeks of treadmill exercise, but the B cell and CD8+ cell fractions did not change significantly. CONCLUSION: From the results of the present study, it is suggested that a period of one week is insufficient to eliminate the effects of exercise-induced stress, that 4 weeks are needed to return to the control state, and that at least 8 weeks are needed in order for exercise of moderate intensity to have a positive effect on the immune system.     

Acute exercise and T-lymphocyte expression of the early activation marker CD69

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the effect of acute exercise on the proliferation and expression of activation markers on T-lymphocytes. METHODS: Seventeen well-trained male endurance runners completed 60 min of treadmill running at 95% of ventilatory threshold and a resting, no exercise, control session at the same time of day. Five blood samples were collected at each session: before exercise, mid-exercise, immediately after exercise, and 30 min and 60 min after exercise. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with the mitogen PHA. Activation was measured using the expression of CD69 (assessed by three-color flow-cytometry), and cellular proliferation was assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethlthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) dye uptake. RESULTS: At all sampling points, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the percentage of CD4 and CD8 cells that became activated (CD69+) after mitogen stimulation (68% of CD4 compared with 45% of CD8 cells). Exercise had no effect on the percentage of cells that became activated in response to mitogen. There was a significant exercise-induced decrease in lymphocyte proliferation of PBMC, but when expressed per-T-cell (CD3+), there was no difference between the exercise and control condition. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that on an individual cell basis 1 h of exercise at 95% of ventilatory threshold did not alter the ability of T-lymphocytes (CD3+) or T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+) to become activated and did not alter the ability of T-lymphocytes to proliferate.     

Exercise during late-follicular menstrual phase: influence on immune parameters

AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine whether training status and plasma hormones (estradiol--E2, progesterone--P, luteinizing hormone--LH, and follicle-stimulating hormone--FSH) have an effect on selected immune indexes during or following an acute bout of exercise. METHODS: Seven female triathletes (TRI) and 7 recreationally active (REC) females were randomly assigned to rest (RE) and exercise (EX) trials during the late-follicular menstrual phase (LF). The EX was 1 hour of cycling at 63.1+/-6% VO2peak (TRI) and 61+/-5.1% VO2peak (REC) and RE was 1 hour of sitting. Blood was drawn for both trials at baseline (0H), 1 hour (1H), and at 3 hours (3H). RESULTS: Positive correlations were found between E2 and CD19+ cells for both groups as well as P and CD8+ cells for the REC group. E2 increased during EX and returned to baseline at 3HEX for both groups, however, LH remained elevated at 3HEX for REC. There were significant exercise time effects for CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD3- CD16+ CD56+ cells. The NCMC and 1:1 were elevated at 1HEX for both groups and returned to baseline by 3HEX. During RE, CD3- CD16+ CD56+ cell numbers for both groups and NCMC for REC remained elevated at 3HRE. CONCLUSIONS: E2 and P correlated with CD19+ and CD8+ cells, respectively. Although there were transient exercise-induced changes in immune indexes and E2 and LH, with LH remaining elevated at 3HEX for REC, both training groups elicited similar responses for plasma hormones, lymphocyte subpopulations, and NCMC.     

雷公藤甲素对调节性树突细胞的免疫效应及其机制研究

目的 探讨雷公藤甲素(TPT)对分泌IL-10的树突细胞(D C)亚群CDllclowCD45RBhighDC功能的影响.方法 采用磁珠分选技术获得C57BL/6小鼠脾脏CD11clowCD45RBhighDC和CD4+T淋巴细胞.CD11clowCD45RBhighDC分别加入1、10、20ng/ml TPT后进行培养,以不加TPT的细胞作为对照,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面分子CD40、CD80、CD86、I-a/e的表达,ELISA法检测培养液中IL-10的含量.将CD4+T淋巴细胞分为正常对照组(未作任何处理)、未刺激组(与未经TPT处理的CD11clowCD45RBhighDC混合培养)、高浓度TPT刺激组(与经20ng/ml TPT处理后的CD11clowCD45RBhighDC混合培养)、高浓度TPT刺激+抗体1(抗IL-10抗体)组、高浓度TPT刺激+抗体2(IL-10的同型对照抗体)组,采用MTT法测定CD4+T淋巴细胞的增殖活性,流式细胞仪检测CD4+T淋巴细胞培养液中IL-4和IFN-γ的含量.结果 与对照组相比,TPT能显著降低CD11clowCD45RBhighDC表面分子CD40和I-a/e的表达,增强CD86的表达及IL-10的分泌,其中IL-10的分泌水平随TPT浓度的增加而增加.高浓度TPT刺激组和高浓度TPT刺激+抗体2组细胞增殖活性及IFN-γ分泌水平明显低于未刺激组,IL-4分泌水平明显高于未刺激组,而高浓度TPT刺激+抗体1组细胞增殖活性及IFN-γ分泌水平明显高于未刺激组,IL-4分泌水平明显低于未刺激组.结论 TPT可促进CD11clowCD45RBhighDCIL-10的分泌,诱导CD4+T淋巴细胞向Th2型分化,并可通过激活CD11clowCD45RBhighDC介导机体的免疫抑制活性.     

Nitric oxide biomarkers increase during exercise-induced vasodilation in the forearm

The purpose of the study was to determine if exercise-induced vasodilation was associated with an increase in forearm plasma levels of nitric oxide (NO) biomarkers (NO2- + NO3- and L-citrulline). Twelve healthy subjects (27+/-6 yrs) performed incremental rhythmic forearm exercise with the nondominant hand for 6 min each at 15, 30 and 45% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Forearm blood flow (FBF) was determined in the exercise arm using venous occlusion plethysmography. Blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein of the exercise and nonexercise arms for the measurement of NO biomarkers. In the exercise arm, FBF increased by a mean of 150%, 335% and 585% above baseline at 15, 30 and 45% of MVC, respectively. (ANOVA, P= 0.0001). Venous plasma NO2- + NO3- levels increased from 24+/-4 micromol/L at baseline, to 29+/-5, 32+/-4 and 3+/-4 micromol/L (ANOVA, P = 0.0001). Venous plasma L-citrulline levels increased from 31+/-5 micromol/L at baseline to 58+/-10, 87+/-7 and 141+/-15 micromol/L (ANOVA, P = 0.0001). There was a linear relationship between FBF and venous plasma NO2- + NO3- (slope= 0.38+/-0.10, P=0.0007) and between L-citrulline, (slope= 5.1 +/-1.3, P = 0.0004). Venous plasma levels of NO2- + NO3- and L-citrulline in the nonexercise arm were unchanged. These results demonstrate that exercise-induced vasodilation in the forearm is associated with forearm plasma levels of NO2- + NO3- and L-citrulline, in vivo markers of NO production.     

原发性肝癌患者肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗后T细胞亚群改变及临床意义

目的：了解原发性肝癌患者经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（ＴＡＣＥ）后免疫功能状态。方法：我们应用流式细胞仪检测了１６例原发性肝癌患者ＴＡＣＥ术前后Ｔ细胞表面抗原标志（ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８）,并与良性病变患者进行对比分析。结果：原发性肝癌患者术前ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋均低于对照组,ＣＤ８＋高于对照组,ＴＡＣＥ术后ＣＤ８＋降低,ＣＤ３＋、ＣＤ４＋、ＣＤ４＋／ＣＤ８＋均升高。结论：原发性肝癌患者治     

固相酶联免疫斑点技术检测递增负荷过度训练大鼠细胞免疫机能变化研究

目的:建立大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞中Th1/Th2型淋巴细胞亚群表达的固相酶联免疫斑点(ELISPOT)技术检测方案,进一步比较Th1/Th2淋巴细胞和CD4+/CD8+在大鼠递增负荷过度训练过程中的改变,为筛选最佳免疫学评价指标提供参考。方法:雌性SD大鼠进行9周递增负荷跑台训练,分别在训练的第1周、第3周、第9周训练结束后的36小时,以及恢复1周后处死大鼠。采用不同种类刺激剂、不同刺激剂浓度刺激不同数量大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞,建立最佳ELISPOT检测方案。检测大鼠血红蛋白、睾酮、皮质酮,评估疲劳模型的建立,并对Th1/Th2型淋巴细胞亚群以及传统免疫学指标CD4+/CD8+进行动态观察。结果:建立最佳ELISPOT技术检测方案:PMA和Ionomycin联合刺激。刺激物浓度:检测γ干扰素(IFN-γ)时PMA浓度为2.5ng/ml,检测白细胞介素4(IL-4)时PMA浓度为10ng/ml;检测IFN-γ时Ionomycin浓度为0.05μg/ml,检测IL-4时Ionomycin浓度为0.2μg/ml。细胞浓度:3×104cells/孔(IFN-γ),60×104cells/孔(IL-4)。运动后36小时,运动组血红蛋白、睾酮、皮质酮均较对照组显著下降;经1周恢复后,和对照组相比无显著性差异。递增负荷运动第1周跑台训练后,运动组Th1型细胞因子IFN-γ与对照组相比显著升高;第3周跑台训练后,运动组和对照组相比显著下降;恢复1周后,运动组IFN-γ与对照组相比显著下降。递增负荷训练结束后的恢复期,运动组Th2型细胞因子IL-4较对照组升高了1.44倍(P<0.01)。CD4+/CD8+在整个训练期及恢复期均无显著性变化。结论:递增负荷过度训练过程中,与CD4+/CD8+相比,采用ELISPOT技术检测SD大鼠Th1/Th2淋巴细胞亚群的改变具有较高的灵敏性。