Verlauf nicht operierter lumbaler Bandscheibenvorfälle

In Western industrial countries, low back pain is one of the most frequent causes of illness. Between the 4th and 5th decades of life approximately 80% of adults complain of low back pain, lasting for fairly long periods. About 10% of this population must undergo disc surgery once during life. Several authors have discribed good results for lumbar disc surgery in 55%-86% of their cases. Few control data are available, however, on patients with radiologically proven herniation of the disc regression, who were treated conservatively. Their observations indicate that regression of herniation of a lumbar disc is possible using conservative therapy exclusively. A study was therefore carried out on 43 patients with lumbar disc abnormalities, as demonstrated by spinal computed tomography (CT). Initially, 38 of them showed a herniation and 5 protrusion of the disc plus further neurological deficits and radicular pain syndromes. The subjects were followed up for over 20 months (mean) and monitored by CT in order to check the possibility that the CT findings, neurological deficits, and pain would regress a lengthy period of therapy. The results were the following: Initially, all patients complained of severe low back pain and sciatica, leading to subsequent treatment. At the time of follow-up, 15 of them still reported remittent or chronic low back pain, 9 remittent, and 16 chronic sciatic pain but of much less intensity. Before treatment, 40 patients had neurological deficits, whereas at the time of follow-up, only 24 patients still had deficits. In 2 patients the symptoms had not changed and in 2 others slight deterioration was observed. CT control examinations showed clear regression in the extent of disc herniation in 15 patients, in 18 a moderate decrease, and in 9 cases the CT findings had not changed. A favorable tendency towards regression was observed in disc herniations at the level of L5-S1 and in cases showing sequestration of the disc. Herniations of the disc at higher levels between L4-5 and L3-4 or a lateral herniation, reaching the intervertebral foramen, showed on unfavorable prognosis.     

Regression of lumbar disc herniation with non-surgical treatment: a case report

To date, only a few reports have described the regression of lumbar disc herniation, which may be because of a failure to follow up patients treated conservatively. We report a case of a 25-year-old man who presented with a 2-month history of pain and soreness owing to lumbar disc herniation. He was managed conservatively, and his presenting symptoms and scoliosis gradually decreased over approximately 5 months. Two years later, he returned unexpectedly and was advised to undergo magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed regression of the disc herniation; the patient also confirmed that the pain had not recurred. After 8 months, he underwent repeat magnetic resonance imaging, and the findings pertaining to disc herniation were normal. Our findings suggest that previous cases should be retrospectively studied to establish a prediction model for the outcomes of conservative treatment in patients with lumbar disc herniation. We also emphasize the significance of selecting suitable patients for conservative treatment to obtain the best therapeutic outcomes. The CARE guidelines have been followed in the reporting of this case.     

腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎不稳的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎不稳的疗效。方法对37例腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎不稳患者采用后路间盘髓核摘除、椎间植骨融合或加椎板间植骨融合、椎弓根钉棒系统内固定术治疗,术后平均随访9个月。结果所有患者均达到骨性融合,临床疗效评价优28例、良7例、可2例,优良率95.6%。结论腰椎后路髓核摘除、植骨融合内固定术是治疗腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎不稳的有效方法。     

Reduced pain after surgery for cervical disc protrusion/stenosis: a 2 year clinical follow-up

PURPOSE: To follow the clinical outcome after surgery for cervical radiculopathy caused by degenerative cervical disc disease and to compare it with the outcome after conservative treatment. METHOD: Forty-three patients all awaiting surgery were studied prospectively. A control group of 39 conservatively treated patients were chosen, matched for gender and age. All patients rated their Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) and pain (VAS) and were clinically examined by unbiased observers initially and after 3, 9 and 24 months. RESULTS: Long-lasting pain reduction was noted both in the neck and in the arm for the operated patients, as well as improved sensory function and reduction of reflex disturbances. Their SIP showed a temporary improvement in the overall index, in the psychosocial dimension, in sleep/rest and home management, but only mobility remained improved. Among the operated patients referred directly to us, there was an improvement in SIP at the final follow-up. The control group's SIP indicated only a temporary improvement in sleep/rest. CONCLUSIONS: Surgically treated patients experienced pain reduction which was partially maintained for at least 24 months. A sustained improvement in the health status measured by SIP was observed only among operated patients that were not referred via the social insurance offices.     

Monoradikuläre,lumbosakrale Wurzelkompressionssyndrome in Längsschnitt

A total of 97 patients with an acute monoradicular lumbosacral compression syndrome and a herniated disc at the same level were reinvestigated an average of 25 months after the acute event. Assessment was based on CT investigation and "root score", which was compiled from reports of subjective complaints and neurological deficits. All patients had initially undergone conservative treatment as inpatients. At the time of reinvestigation CT examination of the herniated discs revealed that they were unchanged in 56.7%, some-what smaller in 34%, no longer visible in 4.1% and larger in 5.2%. Nevertheless, 53.6% of patients were free of complaints, while 23.7% had improved clinically by more then 75%. The remainder showed improvement by about 25-75%. In no patient was the score unchanged or worse. In 69% of the patients neurological deficits were no longer demonstrable, and the remaining patients were not aware of deficits or did not feel any impairment from deficits that were obvious on clinical example. In 22.7% impairment was caused solely by local radicular or pseudoradicular pain. From these results it can be concluded that herniation of the disc precipitates the acute event but is not the sole source of the pain. In the majority of cases, during the further course of the disease the herniated disc causes no pain. It appears, therefore, that the course of disease following a disc herniation can be influenced very favourably by non-operative treatment and that in more than 50% of cases the condition becomes clinically silent. It follows that in neuroradicular compression syndromes a neurological deficit associated with the acute event does not mean operative intervention is indicated.     

The cervicogenic headache from the spiral surgery point of view--a pilot study

In a retrospective analysis of 299 consecutive patients with degenerative cervical spine disease the incidence of cervicogenic headache and the results of conservative and operative therapy have been investigated. Cervicogenic headache was noted in 117 of 299 patients (40%). 73 of those patients were treated conservatively. The cervicogenic headache resolved in 10% or improved in 27% and remained unchanged in 63% of the patients. 44 of these patients were operated by ventral discectomy, which was indicated in case of neurological deficit and painful shoulder-arm syndrome refractory to conservative treatment. In none of these patients the operation was indicated by the cervicogenic headache. In the postoperative follow-up with a mean of 6 months the headache resolved in 20%, improved in 60% and remained unchanged in 20% of the patients. These results suggest the existence of a cervicogenic headache, i.e. a headache due to disorders of the cervical spine, and the chance of successful operative treatment.     

椎间盘镜与小切口手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的比较研究

目的比较椎间盘镜(microendoscopicdiscectomy,MED)与小切口手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的优缺点及近期疗效。方法采用MED和小切口手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症各60例,将二者的手术疗效行统计学分析。结果MED组手术出血量、卧床时间、镇痛药使用、平均住院日情况均少于小切口手术组,而手术时间、临床症状和体征变化两组差异无显著性。按照Nakai评定标准,MED组:优76例,良20例。小切口手术组:优72例,良23例。二组优良率差异无显著性。结论MED与小切口手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效相当,各有优缺点,二者可根据具体情况选用。     

置入脊柱内固定系统改良经椎间孔椎体间融合修复腰椎退行性病：1年随访

背景：传统的后路腰椎体间融合存在诸多不足,改良经椎间孔腰椎体间融合为需要手术治疗的腰椎退行性疾病提供了新的修复方案。目的：观察脊柱内固定系统置入改良经椎间孔腰椎体间融合对腰椎退行性疾病的修复效果。方法：回顾性分析2010年3月至2013年8月在常熟第二人民医院行脊柱内固定系统置入改良经椎间孔腰椎体间融合的腰椎退行性疾病患者30例,其中退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者6例,Meyerding分型Ⅰ-Ⅱ度;退行性腰椎滑脱患者10例;腰椎间盘突出症伴节段不稳14例。观察患者融合前及融合后末次随访的目测类比评分、腰背痛日本骨科协会评分的改善以及椎间融合情况。结果与结论：30例患者均顺利完成手术并获得12个月以上的随访,所有患者末次随访均无内固定断裂松动,椎间植骨融合良好,无Cage下沉、移位。患者融合后腰背痛症状明显改善,融合前目测类比评分为6.4±0.8,末次随访为1.1±0.6,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.001）;末次随访腰背痛日本骨科协会评分26.5±1.2较融合前12.9±1.6明显改善,改善率为（83.9±7.9）%,其中优27例,良3例,优良率100%。提示脊柱内固定系统置入改良经椎间孔腰椎体间融合扩大了适应证,贯彻了传统经椎间孔椎体间融合技术的设计思想和微创理念,操作更加简单、安全,并发症更少,选择性用于腰椎退行性疾病的临床修复效果满意。     

电针治疗急性腰椎间盘突出症的临床及神经电生理观察

目的:观察电针对急性腰椎间盘突出症的疗效以及对下肢体感诱发电位的影响。方法:将60例急性腰椎间盘突出患者随机分为电针治疗组30例和常规治疗组30例,分别于治疗前及治疗后3天、1周及疗程结束后应用目测类比定级法(VAS)对疼痛进行评估,治疗前后行双下肢体感诱发电位检查,治疗后进行疗效评定。结果:电针治疗组与常规治疗组优良率分别为83.4%和76.7%,电针治疗组可明显缩短疗程,治疗后3天疼痛已明显减轻,活动能力改善。两组患者治疗前患侧下肢体感诱发电位潜伏期延长、神经传导速度减慢,治疗后均有改善,但两组间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:电针治疗对急性腰椎间盘突出症有较好的临床疗效,体感诱发电位可作为腰椎间盘突出症病情及疗效评定的电生理指标。     

腰椎牵引配合环跳穴位注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症下肢痛的疗效

目的观察腰椎牵引配合同侧环跳穴位注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者下肢痛的疗效。方法86 例以一侧下肢痛为主要症状的腰椎间盘突出症患者被随机分成治疗组和对照组各43例,治疗组采用腰椎牵引和同侧环跳穴位注射治疗,对照组采用常规牵引治疗。结果治疗3周后,治疗组痊愈显效率明显高于对照组( P <0.01)。结论腰椎牵引配合同侧环跳穴位注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者下肢痛优于单纯腰椎牵引。     

经皮椎间孔脊柱内窥镜下技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

目的:评价应用经皮椎间孔脊柱内窥镜下技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察。方法:自2010年9月~2011年12月间,应用经皮椎间孔脊柱内窥镜下技术,治疗腰椎间盘突出症277例(340个椎间盘)。采用患者腰腿痛进行视觉模拟疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Macnab标准评定手术疗效。结果:本组无术中硬脊膜撕裂和血管、神经损伤等并发症。3例患者术后下肢表现一过性痛觉过敏,经对症治疗2周后症状消失。平均手术时间45 min(30~70 min),平均下床时间6 h(3~12 h),平均住院时间7 d(5~15 d),随访时间4~13个月,平均6.8个月。下肢神经支配区域使用VAS评分,术前8.8±1.0分,术后5 d为2.5±1.4分,末次随访时1.3±1.2分;术前、术后对比,结果有统计学差异(P<0.01)。参照Macnab疗效评定标准,优211例,良54例,可12例,差0例,优良率95.8%。结论:经皮椎间孔脊柱内窥镜下技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有创伤小、出血少、恢复快、并发症少、疗效确切的优点。该技术是微创治疗腰椎间盘巨大突出、脱出、游离型椎间盘突出症的最佳方法之一。     

Nonendoscopic Nd-YAG 1064 nm PLDN in the treatment of thoracic discogenic pain syndromes

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to discover new minimal invasive treatments of discogenic thoracic pain caused by protrusions or extrusions using the promising method of nonendoscopic Nd-YAG 1064 nm PLDN in the lumbar and cervical regions. Because early symptoms of chronic thoracic discogenic pain syndromes have not been characterized, interventional therapy is usually started late and involves a high complication rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective controlled clinical study was undertaken by neurologists using Nd-YAG 1064 nm PLDN to treat 42 patients with thoracic disc protrusions and extrusions. Patients with discogenic pain syndromes and MRI-confirmed disc pathology with spinal canal impairment were enrolled; 68 discs were treated. Maximal Nd-YAG laser 1064 nm dose was 1,000 watts per segment. Disc puncture was performed by dorsolateral approach. Monitored parameters were VAS, McNab score, subjective condition, neurological findings and peripheral EMG. A different, independent neurologist examined each case before and after surgery. RESULTS: At 6 weeks after treatment, 41 patients had a successful outcome; only one with a clinical suspicion of spondylodiscitis was dissatisfied. In all others, clinical parameters improved. EMG leaks had disappeared. Combined spastic paresis improved in 2/4 cases. Complications were one pneumothorax, one pleuritis and one suspected spondylodiscitis. CONCLUSION: Pain relief and decompression of spinal structures is effective and immediate by disc vaporization, shrinkage, nociceptor destruction and discogenic kinius denaturation. Nonendoscopic percutaneous Nd-YAG 1064 nm PLDN is a highly effective method for the treatment of thoracic disc disorders with minimally invasive access and is recommended prior to any open surgery.     

复发性腰椎间盘突出症的再手术治疗

【目的】探讨复发性腰椎间盘突出症的原因及再手术治疗效果。【方法】本文总结复发性腰椎间盘突出再手术治疗31例。初次手术治疗方式：胶原酶注射治疗6例,单纯腰间隙椎板开窗12例（包括MED髓核摘除5例,半椎板切除8例,全椎板切除5例）。再次手术方式：采用扩大开窗或半椎板切除4例,全椎板切除7例,对于腰椎不稳摘除髓核的同时采用椎弓根螺钉内固定＋椎间植骨或横突间植骨19例。【结果】本组病例经过术后12-36个月（平均18个月）的随访,患者未再次发生腰腿痛的症状,椎间植骨均达到临床骨性融合,术前对比术后2周VAS评分及X线椎间隙的高度有明显改善（P〈0．05）,术后2年对比术后2周差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。【结论】对于复发性腰椎间盘突出症仔细分析原因,采用正确的术式,再手术治疗的效果是肯定的。     

椎间盘镜治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨椎间盘镜治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的方法,观察疗效。方法应用椎间盘镜治疗23例极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症,其中椎间孔突出型14例,椎间孔外侧突出型9例,分别经椎板间入路及经小关节外侧入路,完成神经根探查、减压和椎间盘髓核摘除。结果全部病例镜下完成手术,平均手术时间46min,平均术中出血75mL。平均随访时间13个月,远期疗效:优16例,良5例,可2例,优良率91.3%。结论应用椎间盘镜治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症,手术创伤小,神经根减压彻底,术后恢复快,效果优良。     

核心稳定性训练结合深层肌肉刺激对腰椎间盘突出症患者术后功能恢复的影响

目的探讨核心稳定性训练结合深层肌肉刺激对腰椎间盘突出症患者术后功能恢复的影响。方法选取2016年8月至2018年8月我院收治的91例腰椎间盘突出症拟手术治疗患者为研究对象,根据其术后康复意愿将患者分为研究组46例和对照组45例,对照组实施常规深层肌肉刺激康复护理,研究组在此基础上实施核心稳定性训练,比较两组患者腰腿痛程度(VAS)、腰椎疾患综合标准评分(JOA)及脊椎功能障碍程度评分(ODI)。结果30 d后,研究组患者VAS,JOA,ODI评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);随访后1年,研究组腰椎间盘突出症复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗后应用核心稳定训练结合深层肌肉刺激康复护理,可有效缓解腰椎和腰腿部疼痛程度,改善脊椎功能障碍程度,有利于患者早日回归正常生活和工作。     

腰椎间盘镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症初步报告

目的 探讨显微内窥镜椎间盘切除术(MED)治疗腰椎间盘突出症的特点、适应症及并发症。方法 通道经腰棘突旁切口进入，在显微内窥镜下切除腰椎板下缘、黄韧带、关节突内侧。60例腰椎间盘突出症患者采用MED手术治疗，常规手术开窗法80例作对照，并比较两组出血量、手术时间、住院时间及恢复正常生活／工作时间。结果 所有病例均获得2—20个月随访，平均6．5个月按照Nakal分级，MED组优40例、良15例、可2例，优良率91．67％。结论 MED手术具有创伤小、疗效好、恢复快等特点。MED主要适用于单阶段外侧型腰椎间盘突出症，也适用于部分钙化或侧隐窝狭窄的腰椎间盘突出症，不适用于伴腰椎不稳或中央型腰椎管狭窄的腰椎间盘突出症患者。     

Short-term outcome of conservative treatment in athletes with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy of conservative treatment in athletes with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation, especially in terms of their ability to return to their original sporting activities. DESIGN: A total of 71 consecutive athletes (53 men and 18 women), who consulted our sports medicine clinic during the 10-yr period between September 1993 and October 2003 because of severe low back pain or leg pain/numbness due to lumbar disc herniation (confirmed on magnetic resonance images), were studied. The mean age of the subjects was 21 yrs. All of them were conservatively treated by advising them to discontinue their sporting activities, with or without short-term medication. After the subjective symptoms had reduced by >80%, individual training was started to allow the athletes to return to their original sporting activities. RESULTS: A total of 56 athletes (78.9%) could return to their original sporting activities at an average of 4.7 mos (range, 1-12 mos) after the start of treatment and were able to sustain the activities for > or =6 mos, the minimum duration of follow-up in this study. The outcome of the conservative treatment was not influenced by the intensity of the sporting activity. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that the only factor influencing the ability of the athletes to return to their original sporting activities was the severity of the symptoms before the start of treatment. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the short-term outcome of conservative treatment in athletes with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation may be satisfactory in terms of control of the symptoms and the ability of the athletes to return to their original sporting activities and that the subjective symptoms before treatment may be a key factor influencing the success of the conservative management. Randomized controlled trials, or even comparative follow-up studies, are needed to confirm our results.     

Schmerztherapie über das Periost

Background

Due to a multitude of receptors the periosteum is highly responsive to analgesic therapy. Investigations with respect to a therapeutic use of the periosteum and the results are nevertheless rare. We were able to document the segmental innervation of the periosteum in previous studies investigating radicular syndromes. In addition we have developed further neurological examination techniques of the periosteum (percussion pain and pallesthesia) which we have applied during the examination of proprioception in radicular syndromes.

Methods

The following methods are presented: periosteal treatment according to Vogler and Krauss (1980), therapeutic local anesthesia/neural therapy (Gross 1994, Dosch 1979 and 1988), facet joint infiltration (Kraemer 1997, Krause 1999 and 2010) and periosteal acupuncture according to Mann (1997).

Patients

A total of 19 patients with vertebral pain syndromes (cervical and lumbar spine) and an average age of 55.4 years and 38 obese women with lumbar ligament pain and an average age of 44.2 years were treated. Infiltration was carried out on more than 1,000 patients with facet joint syndrome-related pain in the lumbar spine.

Results

The analgesic treatment of the periosteum resulted in a 51.7% decrease in pain (visual analogue scale) for 4.7 h. Due to local Xylocithin injection (lidocaine hydrochloride 0.25%) into the insertion point of the ligament (periosteum) complete analgesia in lumbar ligament-related pain was achieved. Radiographically controlled injections into the periosteum (caudal area of the upper joint partner) with 0.25% bupivacaine and triamcinolone acetonide resulted in partial or complete back pain relief in more than 1,000 patients with facet joint syndrome. The results of the four periosteal therapy options described are discussed.

Conclusion

Analgesic therapy via the periosteum is one of the most successful forms of therapy and can be highly recommended.     

Wirksamkeit periduraler Steroidinjektionen in der Therapie von nichtradikulären chronischen Rückenschmerzen

Background

Chronic lumbar pain syndromes without neurological deficits are generated by a multitude of causes. Functional, morphological and psychosocial factors are discussed. In many cases a diseased intervertebral disc is found on radiological examination but the clinical relevance of these findings is not clear. For this study it was postulated that a diseased disc results in a local inflammatory reaction therefore causing pain and impairing treatability of patients. An epidural injection of steroids can reduce inflammation and therefore improve treatability and ultimately treatment outcome.

Methods

A double blind randomized prospective trial was carried out. Patients treated in hospital for a chronic lumbar pain syndrome without neurological deficits within a multimodal treatment program were screened for indications for an epidural steroid injection (e.g. diseased lumbar disc and intention to treat). Patients eligible for the study were randomized into two groups. The treatment group received an epidural injection of 80 mg triamcinolone and 8 ml bupivacaine 0.25?%. The control group received only an epidural injection of 8 ml bupivacaine 0.25?%.

Results

In both groups pain intensity and treatability showed a statistically significant improvement after the epidural injection. The differences between the control and treatment groups were small and not clinically relevant. A small subgroup might profit from the steroid injection. In addition the treatability was dependent on psychometric values and the long-term outcome from a reduction of muscular skeletal dysfunctions.

Discussion

After the epidural injection the decrease in pain and increase in treatability was statistically significant. The mechanism of the improvement is not clear and should be examined further. The epidural injection of a steroid in this subgroup of patients did not lead to a clinical improvement in the outcome.

     

单侧椎弓根钉固定结合椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症

背景：脊柱双侧内固定广泛应用于治疗腰椎退行性疾病,但长期随访发现坚强内固定形成的应力遮挡效应会导致融合椎体的骨量丢失以及临近椎体退变加速。目的：观察单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法：2006-01/2010-01江苏大学附属武进医院对45例一侧肢体为主要症状的腰椎间盘突出症患者进行经椎间孔后路椎间融合单侧椎弓根螺钉内固定。结果与结论：45例患者均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月。全部切口均一期愈合,未发生切口感染。JOA评分和目测类比疼痛评分两项指标均有显著改善,固定后及末次随访与固前相比,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.01）。45例患者中优36例,良5例,可4例,优良率为91%。6个月后X射线及CT提示椎间融合,椎间融合器无移位,无沉降,内固定无松动、断裂。提示单侧神经减压椎间融合和单侧椎弓根螺钉固定是可行的脊柱外科技术,治疗腰椎间盘突出症可获得满意的临床效果。