氧自由基清除剂对硅胶假体纤维囊厚度的影响

本文用组织病理学方法观察了氧自由基清除剂对纤维囊厚度的影响。结果发现氧自由基清除剂可以抑制纤维囊肉芽组织层的生长和炎症细胞的浸润，使纤维囊的厚度减薄，作者就氧自由基与纤维囊形成的关系进行了探讨。     

硅胶纤维囊的自由基检测

以Wistar大鼠为实验动物,在背部植入硅胶囊,术后5周,应用电子自旋共振(ESR)技术对纤维囊内的自由基进行检测,结果发现纤维囊形成过程中有大量氧自由基产生。注入自由基清除剂-超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)对氧自由基的产生有明显的清除效应。讨论了氧自由基与纤维囊胶原合成的关系。     

n－3多价不饱和脂肪酸对应用环孢素A小鼠肾组织氧自由基形成的影响

ｎ－３多价不饱和脂肪酸对应用环孢素Ａ小鼠肾组织氧自由基形成的影响卞晓明郭加强近年来有关环孢素Ａ（ＣｓＡ）肾毒性方面的研究较多，但有关肾毒性与氧自由基的关系报道很少。曾有研究表明ＣｓＡ可导致肾组织氧自由基形成增多。ｎ－３多价不饱和脂肪酸（ｎ－３ＰＵＦＡ...     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术的严重并发症：血管损伤

腹腔镜胆囊切除术的严重并发症──血管损伤周兴立，陈训如自法国医师Ｍｏｕｒｅｔ于１９８７年３月在人体内首次成功地完成腹腔镜钽囊切除术（Ｌａ－ｐａｒｏｓｃｏｐｉｃＣｈｏｌｅｃｙｓｔｅｃｔｏｍｙ，简称ＬＣ）以来［１］，由于该手术具有创伤小，术后病人恢复快及...     

胆总管末端囊肿的诊断与治疗

胆总管末端囊肿的诊断与治疗何承慎，何洪胆总管末端囊肿（ｃｙｓｔｏｆｔｅｒｍｉｎａｌｃｈｏｌｅｄｏｃｈｕｓ）又称胆总管膨出（ｃｈｏｌｅｄｏｃｈｏｃｅｌｅ）、壶腹囊肿、十二指肠内憩室或第Ⅲ型胆总管囊肿等，是指胆总管远侧十二指肠壁段先天性囊性扩张或憩室形成...     

DMSO促进皮肤快速扩张的实验研究

目的　为抑制组织扩张器周围纤维囊的形成，以实现皮肤快速扩张。方法　采用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，背部埋置扩张器，实验分两组，用药组注入３０％ＤＭＳＯ，对照组注入生理盐水，常规等量扩张。扩张后切取囊壁，观察囊壁的厚度组织学及超微结构的变化。结果　用药组与对照组相比，其纤维囊厚度明显较薄，成纤维细胞功能低下。结论　ＤＭＳＯ可抑制成纤维细胞的增殖，从而抑制纤维囊的形成，由此实现皮肤快速扩张。     

乳腺囊性增生病与乳腺癌

乳腺囊性增生病 (ｃｙｓｔｉｃｈｙｐｅｒｐｌａｓｉａ)是乳腺增生性病变中的一种或增生过程中的一个临床阶段。因其组织病理学表现较为复杂 ,故在百多年来对该病研究认识的过程中 ,命名也较为混乱 ,诸如纤维囊性病、乳腺结构不良、周期性显著性乳腺病、乳腺腺病、乳腺上皮增殖症等不下 10余种。但从其临床表现、组织病理学改变、尤其与乳腺癌有一定相关性的角度考虑 ,称其为乳腺囊性增生病为宜 ,既点明了乳导管扩张成囊和乳导管上皮增生两种具有主要临床体征的病理学改变 ,又有增生过度与发生癌有相关性的含义。1　病因一般认为与内分泌功…     

有关绝经名词的定义与临床应用

有关绝经名词的定义与临床应用Ｄｅｆｉｎｉｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｅｒｍｓａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｍｅｎｏｐａｕｓｅａｎｄｉｔｓｃｌｉｎｉｃａｌａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎ葛秦生鉴于近十余年来有关绝经的研究发展迅速，世界卫生组织人类生殖特别规划委员会于１９９４年６...     

中药对心脏手术心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

随着心脏外科的迅速发展 ,对于体外循环 (ｃａｒｄｉｏｐｕｌｍｏｎａｒｙｂｙｐａｓｓ,ＣＰＢ)中心肌保护的要求越来越高。ＣＰＢ心内直视手术过程中 ,造成心脏损伤原因 ,除手术本身外 ,心肌缺血再灌注损伤(ｍｙｏｃａｒｄｉａｌｉｓｃｈｅｍｉａｒｅｐｅｒｆｕｓｉｏｎｉｎｊｕｒｙ,ＭＩＲＩ)也是其重要的因素。目前认为 ,ＣＰＢ再灌注过程中氧自由基 (ｏｘｙｇｅｎｆｒｅｅｒａｄｉｃａｌ,ＯＦＲ)的暴发性产生是造成心肌损伤的重要因素。另外 ,与Ｃａ2 超负荷、白细胞粘附及细胞间的机械作用等方面有关。因此术中心肌保护成为研究的热点…     

硅胶隆乳术后纤维囊局部透明质酸和白细胞介素－2增多

硅胶隆乳术后纤维囊局部透明质酸和白细胞介素－２增多摘自ＷｅｌｌｓＡＦ，ＤａｎｉｅｌｓＳ，ＧｕｎａｋａｒａｎＳ，ＷｅｌｌｓＫＥ．ＡｎｎＰｌａｓｔＳｕｒｇ，１９９４，３３：１．有人认为一种类似结缔组织病的疾病与硅胶隆乳术有关。可是目前还没有关于假体周围纤...     

隆乳术后包膜挛缩处理方案探讨

目的:探讨直视下经乳晕切口对假体隆乳术后不同情况下包膜挛缩的有效处理方法。方法:2009年1月～2012年10月,对65例假体隆乳术后包膜挛缩进行治疗,均采用乳晕切口,视原假体植入腔隙及乳腺、胸大肌厚度等条件采取重新剥离腔隙、去除或不去除包膜组织甚至Ⅱ期手术的方法,术中严格止血。结果:本组65例术后均获得随访,随访时间8个月～42个月,平均随访时间15.2个月,术后包膜挛缩复发者2例,其余病例乳房外观均满意。结论:应用直视下乳晕切口对假体隆乳术后包膜挛缩进行个性化的有效处理,术后包膜挛缩复发率较低。     

隆乳术后纤维包膜挛缩的预防与治疗

目的　预防和治疗隆乳术后纤维包膜挛缩。方法　对531例隆乳术患者,作者采用了以下几种方法①适当扩大剥离的腔穴,一般较之假体直径大约3～4cm。②术后按摩及接受手术者自身有节奏的运动。③对已发生挛缩的纤维包膜进行手术松解。④术后应用负压引流。结果　早年142例中35例发生纤维包膜挛缩,按Baker法分类为Ⅲ°,其中18例再次手术,松解包膜,6例取除假体。531例手术包膜纤维化发生率为6.5%,较以往明显降低。结论　术后坚持按摩及适当的运动,可以预防隆乳术后包膜挛缩。     

隆乳术后乳房肿块14例诊疗体会

目的 探讨隆乳术后乳房肿块的诊断及治疗。方法 总结我院2001—2006年收治的14例隆乳术后出现乳房肿块患者的临床资料。结果 8例为凝胶性假瘤,4例为纤维腺瘤,2例为乳癌。4例行穿刺抽液,8例行肿块切除,2例行乳癌改良根治术。结论 影像学检查方式以X线与MRI同时进行为最好,手术方式在不影响治疗效果的前提下选择对乳房的外形影响最少为佳。     

A preliminary study of the fibrous capsules around silicone mammary implants in Chinese women]

Specimens obtained from 17 fibrous capsules around the silicone implants were examined with naked eye, and light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical staining with various monoclone antibodies was used. It was demonstrated that the main infiltrating cells in the fibrous capsules were mononuclear cells, denoting a rejection reaction. Fibrous tissue was formed to separate the prosthesis from the normal tissue.     

侧胸壁脂肪筋膜肌肉瓣在乳腺癌术后即刻乳房成形中的应用

目的:探讨保留乳头乳晕复合体(NAC)的乳腺癌改良根治术后应用侧胸壁脂肪筋膜肌肉瓣即刻乳房成形的适应证、疗效及可行性。方法:对43例扁平或小乳房、IIIA期前的乳腺癌患者行保留NAC的乳腺癌改良根治术,术中即刻应用侧胸壁脂肪筋膜肌肉瓣乳房成形或同时联合假体乳房重建,术后评价美容效果,观察并发症,对治疗效果进行随访。结果:43例患者均成功手术。平均手术时间1.7(1.3~2.2)h,平均住院时间17(13~24)d,术后平均住院时间13(10~18)d。术后随访2~12个月,无乳头坏死,组织瓣感染2例;无局部复发及远处转移;患者总体满意度8.5分,乳房外观客观评价良好率86.0%(37/43)。结论:保留NAC的乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻应用侧胸壁脂肪筋膜肌肉瓣修复重塑乳房外形具有操作方便、手术快捷、技术可行的特点,特别适合于扁平小乳房、IIIA期前的乳腺癌患者。     

Reconstruction of the breast after mastectomy for carcinoma

During the last 5 years, 80 patients underwent reconstruction of the breast as a primary or secondary procedure after mastectomy for carcinoma. Breast mounds were reconstructed with the silicone breast implant. A Silastic implant corrected the infraclavicular axillary deformity after radical mastectomy. The nipple-areolar complex was created either with a nipple-areolar graft from the contralateral breast or with a labial free graft in a bilateral breast reconstruction. If the contralateral breast was large or ptotic, reduction mammoplasty or mastopexy was performed. Subcutaneous mastectomy or total mastectomy of the other breast with insertion of the silicone breast implant was the method of choice for a group of high-risk patients.     

Effect of superoxide dismutase for improvement of survival of ischemic reperfused island skin flap]

Using a rat model, we evaluated the effect of SOD on the survival of ischemic reperfused island skin flaps. In experiment 1, the oxygen free radical concentration in the flaps was measured by the technique of ESR. The results showed that the oxygen free radical concentration in ischemic reperfused flaps was significantly higher than in the corresponding control flaps (P less than 0.001). In experiment 2, the flaps were perfused with SOD (2000 U in 1 ml saline) before reperfusion after 8 hours of ischemia. Seven days after operation, the area of flap survived in the test group was significantly larger than in the control group (P less than 0.0005). The obtained data demonstrated that the generation of oxygen free radical increases with time during ischemia reperfusion in island skin flap and the role of oxygen free radical in tissue injury following ischemia and reperfusion. The use of SOD can enhance the survival of ischemic island skin flap.     

Late complications following autologous and homologous fat transplantation for breast augmentation

Summary Three cases of homologous and one of autologous free fat block transplantation for breast augmentation were seen 10 to 20 years after operation due to late complications. Displacement of heavy tumors, local mastitis or disrupted capsules following local trauma led to admission. The calcified centrally necrotic cysts were treated by subcutaneous mastectomy or local enucleation and immediate reconstruction by subpectoral augmentation with silicone-gel implants or reduction mammoplasty.     

Effects of high-flux hemodialysis on oxidant stress

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil oxygen radical production is increased in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and it is further enhanced during dialysis with low-flux cellulosic membranes. This increased oxygen radical production may contribute to the protein and lipid oxidation observed in ESRD patients. We tested the hypothesis that high-flux hemodialysis does not increase oxygen radical production and that it is not associated with protein oxidation. METHODS: Neutrophil oxygen radical production was measured during dialysis with high-flux dialyzers containing polysulfone and cellulose triacetate membranes. Free sulfhydryl and carbonyl groups and advanced oxidation protein products were measured to assess plasma protein oxidation. RESULTS: Pre-dialysis, neutrophil oxygen radical production was significantly greater than normal and increased significantly as blood passed through the dialyzer in the first 30 minutes of dialysis. Post-dialysis, however, neutrophil oxygen radical production had decreased and was not different from normal. Pre-dialysis, significant plasma protein oxidation was evident from reduced free sulfhydryl groups, increased carbonyl groups, and increased advanced oxidation protein products. Post-dialysis, plasma protein free sulfhydryl groups had increased to normal levels, while plasma protein carbonyl groups increased slightly, and advanced oxidation protein products remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that neutrophil oxygen radical production normalizes during high-flux dialysis, despite a transient increase early in dialysis. This decrease in oxygen radical production is associated with an improvement in some, but not all, measures of protein oxidation.