近节截指肌腱重建手功能评价

目的 评价手指近节残端修整肌腱止点重建手术方法对手功能的影响。方法 调查了１９９２年￣１９９８年的２０例２￣５指近节截指者,其中肌腱止点重建１０例,未重建１０例。术后６个月将肌健止点重建组和未重建组在残指的肌车、抗疲劳耐力、稳定感分值及相应前臂周径等方面进行对比研究。结果 肌腱止点重建组在残指与对侧健指的肌力比较、残指疲劳耐力、残手握杠稳定和残手前臂周径比较的各项指标中明显优于未重建组,经统计学处     

微型骨锚钉联合克氏针重建指伸肌腱止点的临床应用

手部伸指肌腱Ⅰ区损伤造成的锤状指畸形在临床上比较常见,手术修复多涉及指伸肌腱止点的重建[1].传统方法是抽出钢丝法重建指伸肌腱止点.近年来,随着骨锚钉技术的引入,微型骨锚植入术重建指伸肌腱止点体现出较大的优势.2010年8月至2011年10月,我科采用微型骨锚钉联合克氏针治疗指伸肌腱止点断裂20例,取得了满意的疗效.     

微型骨锚重建指伸肌腱终腱止点的临床应用

2007年7月~2010月12月,我科应用微型骨锚重建修复指伸肌腱终腱止点撕脱伤患者16例,重建伸肌腱止点,取得满意疗效。     

跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病变的手术治疗

[目的]介绍跟骨结节切除带线铆钉止点重建术治疗跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病变的手术技术。[方法]7例跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病变患者采用跟骨结节及变性跟腱切除、带线铆钉止点重建术。术中切除足够大的跟骨骨块,切除变性坏死跟腱,对于缺损较小者(2 cm)直接行带线铆钉缝合固定于跟骨,缺损较大者(2 cm)采取腓肠肌腱V-Y延长技术及自体肌腱移植来恢复跟腱长度和维持后期踝关节功能。延长跟腱,带线铆钉跟腱止点重建,术后石膏固定4周。[结果]术后1例切口出现红肿,经伤口换药、升级抗生素后愈合。7例获6个月~2年随访,采用Arner-Lindholm评分标准,临床结果评定为优6足,良1足。所有患者踝关节背伸跖屈功能正常。[结论]跟骨结节及变性跟腱切除、带线铆钉止点重建术治疗跟腱断裂合并跟腱末端病具有较好的临床疗效,术中细致操作、足够大的骨块切除、变性坏死跟腱的切除、带线铆钉止点重建等是手术成功的关键。     

双微型骨锚重建伸指肌腱终腱止点的临床应用

锤状指是由于末节指骨基底背侧至中央腱束止点间伸肌健断裂或撕脱部分指骨所致。若处理不当锤状指畸形长期存在,影响手部功能及外观。针对当前骨锚在手部肌腱损伤重建的应用逐渐广泛的现状,及我科在临床应用中的经验,分别采用单、双骨锚进行止点重建。2007年7月-2009年1月随访患者8例,笔者发现采用双微型骨锚重建修复指伸肌腱终腱止点撕脱伤者疗效优于采用单微型骨锚重建修复指伸肌腱终腱止点撕脱伤者。     

保留指深屈肌腱止点肌腱移位重建远指间关节侧副韧带

目的 研究保留指深屈肌腱止点部分肌腱腱条移位重建远指间关节侧副韧带的方法及疗效.方法 2005年至2011年,对14例16指新鲜远指间关节侧副韧带中部损伤及陈旧性损伤的患者,采用保留指深屈肌腱止点部分肌腱腱条移位重建侧副韧带.结果 术后14例16指获得6个月至3年的随访,平均2.3年.按Saetta等评定标准评定疗效:优10例12指,良3例3指,可1例1指;优良率为93.8％.结论 该方法对于肌腱移位后的手指屈伸功能及肌力无影响,保留指深屈肌腱止点部分肌腱腱条移位重建远指间关节侧副韧带,是治疗手指远指间关节侧副韧带损伤的一种简单、有效的方法.     

保留前交叉韧带下止点残端前交叉韧带重建术的临床效果

目的探讨保留ACL下止点残端重建术治疗ACL损伤的临床效果。方法应用股薄肌、半腱肌肌腱重建治疗ACL损伤42例,术中保留ACL下止点残端。结果膝关节伸直受限5°者3例,屈曲受限10°者2例。Lachamn试验阳性4例。Lysholm评分术前平均58分,术后平均89分。Tegner运动评分术前平均5.2分,术后平均6.2分。无并发独眼畸胎畸形。结论保留残端重建ACL治疗ACL损伤具有良好的临床效果。     

下肢截肢残肢延长术

下肢的严重创伤、肿瘤、慢性感染、坏疽和关节成型失败常需作截肢治疗。截肢平面的选择,往往涉及到既要切除一定范围的病变组织,又要尽可能保留残肢长度以便改善下肢功能和便于安装假肢这对矛盾。理想的残肢是保留更多的大关节,在髋和膝关节以下保留最大的杠杆力臂,在保留的关节以下有足够的骨和软组织便于假肢安装,以取得较好的临床效果。 1 目的和意义 该手术目的是为了增加下肢截肢后残端的长度和宽度,重建理想的残端负重骨,以适     

改良骨隧道套圈穿线法治疗新鲜的指伸肌腱止点断裂

目的探讨改良骨隧道套圈穿线法治疗新鲜的指伸肌腱止点断裂的临床疗效。方法对2015年12月-2017年12月收治的43例新鲜指伸肌腱止点断裂患者,术中证实末节伸肌腱断裂位置位于指伸肌腱止点2.0 mm以内,采用套圈穿线法进行治疗,骨刀轻敲伸肌腱止点制造粗糙骨面,一枚0.8mm克氏针横向穿入末节指骨基底处,做一骨道,套圈肌腱线缝合末节伸肌腱断端后,穿入骨道,套圈肌腱线做NICE打结,拉紧伸肌腱并将断端贴附于伸肌腱止点的粗糙骨面,取0.8 mm克氏针固定远指间关节于背伸10°位,4周后拆除克氏针,进行主被动功能训练,6周开始进行被动功能训练。随访6个月,采用Dargan法进行疗效评价。结果 43例患者术后采用Dargan评价系统评价:优34例,良7例,可2例,优良率为95.35%。结论改良的套圈穿线法,可有效完成新鲜的指伸肌腱止点断裂的手术操作,操作简便,术后并发症少,并可获得优良结果。     

纵向钻孔缝合固定重建指伸肌腱止点临床研究

目的探讨纵向钻孔缝合固定重建指伸肌腱止点的疗效。方法选择30例急性期指伸肌腱止点断裂的患者,在远节指骨基底部背侧钻2个纵行骨性隧道,通过该骨性隧道缝合固定指伸肌腱近断端以重建指伸肌腱止点。术后6周开始行远指间关节屈伸功能锻炼。结果术后未发现肌腱再断裂,远指间关节Dargan功能评分:优19例、良8例、可2例、差1例,优良率达90%。结论纵向钻孔缝合固定重建指伸肌腱止点方法符合局部解剖和生物力学特点,操作简单、疗效确切、并发症少,而且费用低廉,易于被患者接受和基层医院使用。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.