师范大学本科生人格特质和职业兴趣关系初探

目的 探讨师范大学本科生的人格特质与职业兴趣之间的相互关系.方法 对原西南师范大学200名本科生采用了NEO-PI-R问卷调查人格特质,以霍兰德式中国自我导向搜索量表测量职业兴趣类型.结果 神经质和自觉性对现实型,经验的开放性和自觉性时研究型,经验的开放性对艺术型,外倾性与自觉性对社会型,外倾性、自觉性和一致性对企业型,以及自觉性对常规型都有足够的影响.结论 在职业指导及生涯设计时应注意不同的人格特质有不同的职业类型倾向,应扬长避短,这才有助于选择合适的职业.     

90后护士人格特质对职业认同感的影响

目的 探讨90后护士人格特质与其职业认同感的相关性。方法 采用护士一般情况调查表、人格特质量表、护士职业认同评定量表为研究工具,以合肥市5所三级甲等医院的209名90后护士为研究对象进行问卷调查。结果 90后护士职业认同感的总得分(103.77±13.63)处于中等水平,90后护士职业认同感同人格特质中的外倾性、开放性、随和性和尽责性维度之间均呈正相关(P＜0.05),多元回归显示,年龄、月收入、外倾性、尽责性对90后护士职业认同感有正向预测作用,神经质对护士职业认同感有负向预测作用(P＜0.05)。结论 本研究证实在评估护士职业认同感时,应考虑人格变量的重要性。护理管理者可通过培训等方式优化人格特质,提高在职护士的职业认同感,从而稳定护理队伍。     

医学生职业兴趣与人格特质的关系研究

目的探索医学生人格特质和职业兴趣之间的关系。方法采用霍兰德职业兴趣量表和"大五"人格量表(NEO-FFI),以及自编职业兴趣与人格关系问卷,对200名医学生进行调查研究。结果 200名医学生的职业兴趣类型分布中,社会型最多,占37.0%;现实型最少,仅占6.5%。不同人格特质的医学生职业兴趣分布不同,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论医学生职业兴趣受人格特质影响,二者关系复杂,通过人格特质能对职业兴趣有一定的预测作用。     

研究生和本科生防御机制及与大五人格的关系

探讨研究生与本科生在防御机制上的差异以及其与大五人格的关系,为开展研究生与本科生心理健康教育提供依据.方法 采用防御方式问卷(DSQ)和大五人格量表中文简化版,对整群随机抽取的成都市6所高校230名研究生与417名本科生进行测量.结果 本科生成熟防御得分高于研究生(t=-2.160,P<0.05),在不成熟防御和中间型防御得分上本科生和研究生差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05).与研究生相比,本科生防御机制与大五人格之间存在更强的相关性.2个群体的神经质均能预测不成熟防御和中间型防御(P值均<0.01).影响成熟防御最大的人格因素本科生是外倾性,研究生是尽责性.结论 本科生的防御机制更易受人格特质的影响.研究生心理健康教育不能照搬本科生的教育模式.     

家庭亲密度和适应性对大学生人格发展的影响

目的探索家庭月收入及父母受教育水平,家庭亲密度与适应性对于大学生大五人格的影响。方法向天津市5所高校的大学生发放调查问卷并搜集数据。采用单因素方差分析、Pearson相关分析进行数据处理。结果不同家庭月收入的大学生在家庭亲密度、家庭适应性、外倾性、开放性得分有显著的不同(P0.05),不同母亲受教育水平的大学生在家庭适应性、外倾性、开放性得分有显著不同(P0.05),不同父亲受教育水平的大学生在家庭适应性、外倾性、开放性、责任心得分有显著不同(P0.05)。家庭亲密度和适应性与大五人格中的开放性、外倾性、宜人性、责任性呈正向相关关系(P0.01),而与神经质呈负向相关关系(P0.01)。结论不同家庭月收入以及父母受教育水平的大学生在家庭环境以及人格因素上有着显著的不同。亲密度和适应性的得分越高,越有助于大学生人格的发展。     

新疆地区部分高中生人格特质饮酒动机与饮酒行为的关系

探讨新疆地区高中生人格特质、饮酒动机与饮酒行为之间的关系,为开展青少年饮酒行为的干预提供参考.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,对新疆昌吉、库尔勒和阿克苏地区3所高中的631名学生运用艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版、饮酒动机问卷修订版、青少年饮酒行为测量量表进行调查.结果 男生和女生在饮酒频率、醉酒频率、神经质和饮酒动机的应对动机、社会动机、顺从动机3个维度上得分差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为7.29,3.52,2.85,5.65,5.87,6.06,P值均<0.01).人格特质中精神质、外倾性与饮酒频率呈负相关,饮酒动机与饮酒频率正相关;醉酒频率与人格特质中的外倾性和神经质负相关,与饮酒动机正相关;饮酒频率与醉酒频率正相关;精神质与应对动机和社会动机负相关,外倾性与社会动机负相关(P值均<0.05).社会动机和应对动机对饮酒频率的解释率分别为21.9%和26.2%;外倾性、社会动机和应对动机对醉酒频率的解释率分别为11.6%,12.3%,10.3%.外倾性对醉酒行为的直接效应量为-0.030.社会动机在外倾性与醉酒行为间的中介效应量为-0.084,在精神质和醉酒行为间的中介效应量为-0.126.结论 青少年人格特质和饮酒动机是影响饮酒行为的重要因素,社会动机在外倾性、精神质与醉酒行为之间存在中介作用.     

医生工作沉浸体验现状及人格特质的影响研究

目的 阐明医生工作沉浸的现况及人格特质对其工作沉浸形成的影响。方法 采用分层抽样的方法,于2021年1月选取北京市4所三级医院473名医生为调查对象,使用工作沉浸量表、大五人格量表及人口学统计问卷进行数据收集,并进行t检验、方差分析等统计学分析。结果 医生工作沉浸的总分为（41.93±10.47）分,不同科室、年龄、文化程度和工作年限的医生工作沉浸得分差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。人格特质的各维度与工作沉浸及各维度均相关（均P<0.01）。在回归分析中开放性与神经质对工作沉浸具有预测作用（β=0.201、-0.116,均P<0.05）,尽责性和开放性对于专注维度有一定预测性（β=0.133、0.161,均P<0.05）,外倾性、开放性与神经质对于工作享受维度有一定预测性（β=0.130、0.199、-0.152,均P<0.05）,而开放性对于内在工作动机维度有较高预测性（β=0.166,P<0.01）。结论 医生的工作沉浸现况居于中等水平,并且医生的人格特质对于其工作沉浸的形成具有一定程度的预测性,因此在组织行为管理中可通过不同的干预策略改善...     

护理本科生心理弹性在人格特征与主动拖延间的中介作用

目的 探讨护理本科生人格特征、主动拖延、心理弹性之间的关系，了解心理弹性在人格特征与主动拖延间的中介作用。方法 2022年1—4月，采用一般资料调查表、主动拖延量表、艾森克人格简式量表中国版和心理弹性量表对福建省某医学高等院校496名四年制护理本科生进行调查，并对数据进行分析。结果 福建省某医学高等院校496名四年制护理本科生主动拖延总分为（62.35±8.10）分，心理弹性总分为（57.74±9.80）分，人格特征各因子得分为：精神质（2.64±1.76）分，外倾性（7.56±2.05）分，神经质（4.99±2.45）分，掩饰性（3.61±1.95）分。不同性别、年级以及平时学习场所的护理本科生主动拖延得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；不同年级、每天课后学习时间的护理本科生心理弹性得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；不同年级的护理本科生外倾性得分和神经质得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。主动拖延与心理弹性、外倾性呈正相关（r=0.414、0.408，均P<0.01），与神经质呈负相关（r=-0.419,P<0.01...     

医务人员人格特质对知识共享绩效的影响

目的分析医务人员不同人格特质对知识共享绩效的影响。方法以五大人格理论为基础,提出研究假设,采取问卷调查方式,对各层级医护人员进行调查,以检验各项假设是否成立。结果医务人员的亲和性与开放性人格特质对医院知识共享具有正向支持（P＜0.05）,与知识共享绩效具有相关性（P＜0.05）,并且其通过知识共享间接影响知识共享绩效。结论医院应重视医务人员人格特质差异,改进人员选拔与考核机制,制定医务人员职业发展体系,营造支持知识共享的组织氛围,以提高知识共享绩效。     

医生职业兴趣类型与工作绩效关系的前瞻性研究

目的探讨医生职业兴趣类型与工作绩效的关系。方法采用"医学职业兴趣调查表"对高年级医学生进行调查,同时对其工作绩效进行评估,对结果进行统计学分析。结果不同职业兴趣类型与不同种类的工作绩效有一定相关性。结论该职业兴趣量表对医院员工工作绩效有一定预测性。     

Response distortion on personality tests in applicants: comparing high-stakes to low-stakes medical settings

The current study examined the degree to which applicants applying for medical internships distort their responses to personality tests and assessed whether this response distortion led to reduced predictive validity. The applicant sample (n = 530) completed the NEO Personality Inventory whilst applying for one of 60 positions as first-year post-graduate medical interns. Predictive validity was assessed using university grades, averaged over the entire medical degree. Applicant responses for the Big Five (i.e., neuroticism, extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness) and 30 facets of personality were compared to a range of normative samples where personality was measured in standard research settings including medical students, role model physicians, current interns, and standard young-adult test norms. Applicants had substantially higher scores on conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, and extraversion and lower scores on neuroticism with an average absolute standardized difference of 1.03, when averaged over the normative samples. While current interns, medical students, and especially role model physicians do show a more socially desirable personality profile than standard test norms, applicants provided responses that were substantially more socially desirable. Of the Big Five, conscientiousness was the strongest predictor of academic performance in both applicants (r = .11) and medical students (r = .21). Findings suggest that applicants engage in substantial response distortion, and that the predictive validity of personality is modest and may be reduced in an applicant setting.     

The Associations Between Personality Characteristics and Absenteeism: A Cross-Sectional Study in Workers With and Without Depressive and Anxiety Disorders

Purpose Although numerous studies have identified risk factors for sickness absence, few studies have addressed the role of personality characteristics in absenteeism. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of the Big 5 personality characteristics (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness) and locus of control with absenteeism, taking the presence of depressive and anxiety disorders into account. Methods Cross-sectional data from the baseline measurement of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) were examined. NESDA includes persons with current or remitted depressive and anxiety disorders and healthy controls, of which 1883 working participants were selected. Personality characteristics were included as predictor variables, short-term (0–2 weeks) and long-term (>2 weeks) absenteeism as outcome measure. The presence of depressive and anxiety disorders was considered as modifying covariate. Results In healthy workers, high neuroticism, external locus of control, low extraversion, low agreeableness and low conscientiousness were associated with short-term absenteeism. In addition, high neuroticism, low extraversion and low openness were related to long-term absenteeism in healthy workers. In workers with psychopathology, similar associations were found for persons with this profile (high neuroticism, external locus of control, low extraversion and low conscientiousness) with long-term absenteeism, but no associations of these characteristics were found with short-term absenteeism. Conclusions Personality characteristics were significantly associated with work absenteeism in both workers with and without anxiety or depression. Interventions aimed at preventing sickness absence may focus on reducing neuroticism and strengthening extraversion, conscientiousness and locus of control.     

医学大学生思维风格与人格特征的典则相关分析

目的探讨医学大学生思维风格与人格特征之间的关系。方法利用思维风格量表简化表、"大五"人格特征量表对448名医学大学生进行调查,并对调查结果进行因子分析和典则相关分析。结果第一对典则变量的相关系数是0.5535,主要反映思维风格中的立法型、等级型、平等竞争型、全局型、执行型、审判型与人格特征中的宜人性、谨慎性、外向性、开放性存在正相关关系;第二对典则变量的相关系数是0.3310,主要反映思维风格中的保守型、专制型、无政府型、局部型与人格特征中的情绪性存在正相关关系,激进型与情绪性存在负相关关系。结论医学大学生思维风格与人格特征之间存在相关关系,思维风格对人格特征的影响作用大于人格特征对思维风格的影响作用。     

The Influence of Personality and Anxiety Traits on Birth Experience and Epidural Use in Vaginal Deliveries – A Cohort Study

ABSTRACT

A positive birth experience for the mother is an important goal in obstetric health care and is influenced by several factors. For this study, 186 women filled in questionnaires between 24 and 72 hours after giving birth vaginally. We evaluated the Big-Five personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness), trait anxiety, different dimensions of childbirth experience and pain management. Correlation analysis revealed that trait anxiety and neuroticism were negatively associated with several dimensions of the birth experience. Furthermore, conscientiousness and extraversion were positively correlated with the dimension Participation. Regression analysis for the individual dimensions and overall score respectively, confirmed the independent impact of anxiety trait on Perceived Safety, Participation and Professional Support and the overall score as well as of neuroticism on Perceived Safety and conscientiousness on Participation. The significant regression models showed small R2-scores (.084–.154). The birth experience did not differ whether the women received an epidural or not. Women who did not receive an epidural displayed higher scores on the personality trait conscientiousness. The study highlights small but important associations between personality traits and birth experience in vaginal births which should sensitize the medical staff when supporting women during labor.     

Mentoring Highly Aggressive Children: Pre�CPost Changes in Mentors�� Attitudes, Personality, and Attachment Tendencies

This study examined the degree to which mentoring highly aggressive children was associated with changes in mentors' attitudes, personality, and attachment tendencies. Participants were 102 college students who each mentored an aggressive, high-risk child across three academic semesters (spring, fall, spring). We examined pre- to post-mentoring changes in attitudes about mentoring efficacy and future parenting, Big Five personality characteristics, and attachment tendencies. Mentors also rated the impact of the mentoring relationship in their lives, and both mentors and mentees rated support of the mentoring relationship. Results indicated a statistically significant decrease over time in mentors' ratings of self-efficacy, openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness. These findings held even when controlling for ratings of relationship impact. However, mentors who rated the mentoring relationship as supportive tended to experience increased openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness and less attachment-related avoidance over time. Child-rated support negatively predicted mentors' post-mentoring attitudes toward future parenting. Discussed are the potential costs of mentoring highly aggressive children and strategies that could help increase benefits to mentors.     

Personality traits in overweight and obese women: associations with BMI and eating behaviors

This study aimed at assessing the extent to which personality traits are related to BMI and eating behaviors in overweight and obese women (N=154; mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.5+/-3.0 kg/m(2)). The NEO Five-Factor Inventory was used to capture the five dimensions of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness). Anthropometric measurements (weight, height and BMI) were performed and eating behaviors (cognitive dietary restraint, disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger) were measured by the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. Regressional analyses showed that only conscientiousness was positively related to BMI. A higher level of neuroticism was identified as a significant predictor of higher scores for cognitive dietary restraint, disinhibition and susceptibility to hunger. Conscientiousness was also found to be a positive determinant of cognitive dietary restraint and a higher level of agreeableness predicted a lower score of susceptibility to hunger. Results also underline the presence of other psychological factors, i.e. dysphoria and body esteem, involved in the associations between personality traits and some eating behaviours. These findings suggest that particular dimensions of personality may contribute, either directly or through their association with other psychological factors, to a better understanding of weight and eating behaviors in overweight and obese women.     

大学生职业人格类型与价值观的典型相关分析——以深圳大学为例

目的考察大学生职业人格类型与价值观之间的整体相关关系。方法运用《生活彩虹量表》对深圳大学424名本科生的职业人格类型与价值观进行测量,并利用典型相关分析方法进行统计分析。结果3个典型相关系数分别为0·64、0·44及0·36(P<0·001),表明两组变量整体上具有中等的相关关系。进一步重叠量数分析表明,大学生职业人格类型变量在一定程度上可以预测价值观变量。结论不同职业人格类型大学生的价值取向有所不同。高校就业指导既要帮助学生了解自己的职业人格类型,也要帮助学生澄清自己的价值取向。还应重视对学生(尤其是“E型”及“RI型”学生)进行“服务社会、回馈社会”的公民教育。     

童年期虐待与初中生大五人格特征的关联

目的 探讨童年期虐待(childhood maltreatment, CM)与初中生大五人格特征之间的关联,为促进初中生人格健康发育提供科学依据。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法选取安徽省宣城、合肥、淮北共5 724名初中生进行问卷调查,内容包括人口统计学特征、CM经历以及大五人格特征。采用线性回归分析和典则相关分析探索CM与大五人格特征之间的关联。结果 初中生躯体虐待、情感虐待、性虐待、躯体忽视、情感忽视与谨慎性(β=-1.71～-2.55)、情绪性(β=1.93～3.87)人格特征关联均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。除躯体虐待外,其余各类型CM与外向性(β=-1.04～-2.32)、宜人性(β=-1.07～-1.37)人格特征关联均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),仅有性虐待与开放性人格特征关联有统计学意义(β=-0.70,P<0.05)。除开放性人格特征外,CM经历数量与初中生人格特征关联均有统计学意义;且CM经历数量与各维度人格特征得分呈现剂量反应关系(P值均<0.05)。典则相关分析中,典则相关系数为-0.375(P<0.05),童年期虐待经...     

General vaccination willingness and current vaccination status in relation to clinical and psychological variables in patients with multiple sclerosis

BackgroundInfections can have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Therefore, vaccinations are of immense importance. If vaccination willingness is to be increased, possible influencing factors should be identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the status of active immunisation in MS patients in association with sociodemographic, clinical-neurological, psychopathological and personality variables using the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.MethodFour hundred and four MS patients from two German neurological hospitals were examined for their vaccination attitudes, in detail, the general willingness to vaccinate and the current vaccination status of mumps, measles and rubella (MMR) as well as tetanus and influenza. We also looked at the current level of disability in relation to the current vaccination status, as well as possible associated personality and psychopathological variables.ResultsPatients with a complete MMR vaccination status were significantly younger and those with a complete influenza vaccination status were significantly older than those with related incomplete vaccination status. Tetanus vaccination status completeness did not differ depending on age and did not show substantial association with personality scores. However, influenza vaccination completeness was associated with differences in personality and psychopathological variables; extraversion, openness, novelty seeking, harm avoidance and anxiety. A reported general vaccination willingness was significantly correlated with the current completeness of tetanus and influenza vaccinations. Novelty seeking, persistence, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness and neuroticism were found associated with an increased vaccination willingness. Anxiety and depression were not related to general vaccination willingness.ConclusionsNo specific personality trait could be defined on its own in relation to general vaccination willingness or complete vaccination status. Younger patients should be made more aware of influenza vaccination. Reasons for rather low vaccination rates need to be further investigated.