颈椎前路椎体次全切与后纵韧带切除治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的观察颈椎前路椎体次全切与后纵韧带切除,同时植骨钛板内固定治疗脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法治疗脊髓型颈椎病78例,其中相邻两节段者46例,相邻三节段者32例。行单椎体次全切与后纵韧带切除,同时植髂骨或钛网植骨钛板固定46例;两椎体次全切与后纵韧带切除同时植髂骨或钛网植骨钛板固定32例。结果随访6~48个月,根据JOA评分标准,改善率为73%,优良率为85%,有效率为95%。结论椎体次全切与后纵韧带切除,同时植骨内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病术中减压安全有效,减压彻底,术后对椎间隙高度的维持可靠。     

同种异体骨在脊髓型颈椎病椎体次全切除减压融合术中的应用

目的 评价同种异体骨联合前路钢板在脊髓型颈椎病椎体次全切除减压融合术中的应用效果。方法 对35例颈脊髓病患者行颈前路椎体次全切,同种异体骨植入联合前路钢板内固定并分析其结果。术前JOA评分4—15分,平均8．7分。结果 本组35例患者,次全切除椎体69个,其中单椎体次全切7例,双椎体22例,三椎体6例,完成减压104个间隙,无手术并发症。随访时间11—37个月,平均17．4个月。术后植骨稳定,未发现钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等现象,植骨融合率100％;融合时间约6—15个月,平均9．3个月;术后JOA评分7—17分,平均14．8分,改善率为73．5％,优良率为82．8％。结论 在颈脊髓病椎体次全切减压术中,使用同种异体骨结合颈前路钢板进行融合和固定可以简化手术步骤、减少创伤,且融合可靠。     

自体椎体骨钛网支架融合器在颈椎病治疗中的应用

目的　探讨前路钛网支架自体椎体骨移植替代髂骨进行颈椎前路减压融合治疗脊髓型颈椎病的可行性。方法　采用颈椎前路开槽减压钛网支架自体椎体骨颗粒嵌压植骨结合前路钛钢板固定治疗颈椎病 2 8例。分型 :脊髓型 1 8例 ,神经根型 5例 ,混合型 5例。累及二个椎间隙 2 3例 ,三个椎间隙 5例。在前路减压完成后 ,选择合适长度和直径的钛网支架植入 ,其中加压填充术中所取椎体骨颗粒 ;前路钛钢板固定以获得早期稳定。按JOA评分评定手术效果 ,颈椎正侧位及屈伸位X线检查判定融合效果。结果　JOA评分从术前 (1 2 6 2± 1 5 4 )提高到术后 (1 5 1 2± 1 2 5 )分 ,无一例患者症状加重 ;按照Odom标准评定 ,优良率达 89%。经X线片检查证实椎体间隙高度得到恢复 ,植入物无移位脱落、钛钢板及螺钉无移位及松动 ,植骨融合良好。 1例钢板位置不正 ,1例 2枚螺丝钉进入椎间隙 ,未引起不良并发症。结论　脊髓型颈椎病前路手术中采用钛网包容的自体椎体骨颗粒行植骨融合结合前路钛钢板固定术可替代自体髂骨融合术 ,治疗效果近期是肯定的。可以缩短手术时间 ,避免取髂骨的并发症     

3节段脊髓型颈椎病前路选择性减压植骨内固定疗效分析

目的探讨采用前路单个椎体次全切除联合单个间隙减压（选择性减压）治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法采用颈椎前路选择性减压植骨内固定治疗31例3节段脊髓型颈椎病。对于影像学上压迫较重的节段选择单椎体次全切除及上下椎间盘切除,压迫较轻的节段行单间隙减压。结果31例患者术后JOA评分均明显提高,改善率有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。根据Odom临床效果分级,优良率85％。结论选择性节段减压治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病减压彻底,术后患者手术节段均获得了融合,手术节段高度无明显丢失,恢复的颈椎生理曲度无丢失,恢复了颈椎稳定性,患者术后症状改善满意．此手术是目前治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病的较好方法,值得临床上推广应用。     

颈椎前路手术的并发症

目的 总结分析颈椎前路手术并发症，探索其防治策略。方法 自1995～2002年共行颈椎前路手术3163例，术后出现各种手术并发症646例。术后获随访1848例，随访期6个月～8年．平均2年3个月。减压方式有环锯减压、椎体次全切除、椎间盘切除和病灶清除；植骨方式有自体髂骨植骨、BAK植骨、方盒形Cage植骨以及钛网植骨等；部分患者采用颈椎前路带锁钢板固定。结果 喉返神经或喉上神经损伤26例，4～12周后基本恢复正常，术后颈部血肿16例，术中止血不彻底和术后引流不畅是其主要原因。颈脊髓或神经根刺激、损伤13例，经脱水治疗多数恢复满意。脑脊液漏11例，经颈部制动和切口局部适度加压后愈合。切口感染8例．经抗感染、清创缝合等治疗后愈合、食管瘘2倒，经修补术治愈。植骨块移位8例．均于发生后当天或第2d再次手术、植骨不愈合假关节形成17例，均行翻修手术。相邻节段退变35例，6例因出现新的脊髓压迫症状再次行颈前路减压术，术后症状缓解。髂骨供区并发症342例．主要表现为局部疼痛和股外侧皮神经损伤症状、内植物相关并发症中．BAK下沉10例，钢板断裂1例．钢板螺钉脱落1例．钛网下端下沉7例．颈部轴性疼痛216例。猝死1例。结论 颈椎前路手术可发生多种并发症．程序化、标准化的诊治方案是减少颈椎前路手术并发症的关键。     

前路分段减压治疗多节段颈椎病

[目的]评价颈椎前路椎体次全切加椎间盘摘除分段减压结合钛网植骨及椎间植骨融合加长钛板内固定治疗多节段颈椎病的疗效和应用价值.[方法]16例患者全部采用单个或相邻两个椎体次全切加单纯椎间盘摘除分段减压钛网植骨及椎间植骨融合加长钛板固定术.[结果]16例6个月全部达到骨性愈合.JOA评分优10例,良4例,好转2例,由术前平均9.5分上升至15.5分.[结论]前路椎体次全切加椎间盘摘除分段减压结合钛网植骨及椎间植骨融合长钛板固定治疗多节段颈椎病疗效可靠,融合率高,并发症少.     

ACDF联合ACCF术中运用Solis融合器、颈前路钛板与n-HA/PA66支撑体治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨颈前路间盘切除减压融合术(Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)联合颈前路椎体次全切除减压融合术(Anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF)中运用Solis融合器、颈前路钛板与n-HA/PA66支撑体治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-04—2017-06采用ACDF联合ACCF治疗的46例3节段脊髓型颈椎病,术中联合运用Solis融合器、颈前路钛板与n-HA/PA66支撑体,比较术前与末次随访时的JOA评分、颈椎整体曲度、融合节段Cobb角、融合节段前柱高度。结果 46例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间36～48个月,平均42.1个月。46例切口均一期愈合,术后12个月均获得植骨融合。2例出现一过性吞咽困难,1例出现脑脊液漏,1例出现n-HA/PA66支撑体下沉,对症治疗后均治愈。末次随访时JOA评分较术前高,颈椎整体曲度、融合节段Cobb角、融合节段前柱高度较术前大,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时按JOA评分改善率评价疗效:优17例,良23例,可6例,优良率86.96%。结论 ACDF联合ACCF术中运用Solis融合器、颈前路钛板与n-HA/PA66支撑体治疗3节段脊髓型颈椎病可有效恢复颈椎高度,改善并维持颈椎曲度,减少并发症的发生率。     

ACCF联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的探讨颈前路椎体次全切除减压融合术(ACCF)联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-05—2017-07采用ACCF联合颈前路减压zero-p椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗的30例多节段脊髓型颈椎病,比较术前、术后1周及末次随访时JOA评分、颈椎Cobb角、椎间隙高度。结果30例均顺利完成手术并获得完整随访,随访时间平均21.6个月,切口均一期愈合,植骨均骨性愈合,无内固定松动、移位、断裂、伤口感染、声音嘶哑及神经功能加重等并发症。术后1例出现脑脊液漏,2例出现吞咽不适,非手术治疗后均治愈。术后1周与末次随访时JOA评分、颈椎Cobb角、椎间隙高度较术前均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时根据JOA评分改善率评定综合疗效:优12例,良14例,可4例。结论ACCF联合颈前路减压zerop椎间植骨融合内固定术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病安全可靠,能够有效地恢复椎间隙高度和颈椎生理曲度。     

颈前路带锁钛板在脊髓型颈椎病手术中的应用

目的评价脊髓型颈椎病前路减压后应用带锁钛板内固定的价值。方法对51例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用前路减压、取自体髂骨植骨和颈椎带锁钛板内固定治疗。结果随访43例,平均随访时间2a,术后3个月植骨块获得骨性融合,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持满意,感觉、肌力明显恢复,钛板及螺钉无松动及断裂现象。结论脊髓型颈椎病前路减压术后应用带锁钛板内固定能促使植骨块融合,有效地维持椎间高度和颈椎生理曲度,有较高的应用价值。     

颈前路椎间盘摘除椎间融合器植骨内固定术治疗交感型颈椎病

目的观察颈前路椎间盘摘除椎间融合器植骨内固定术治疗交感型颈椎病的临床效果。方法对21例交感型颈椎病患者行颈前路椎间盘摘除椎间融合器植骨内固定术,其中1个间隙融合5例,2个间隙融合12例,3个间隙融合4例;术前及末次随访时根据JOA评分、交感神经症状改善情况及X片对患者进行临床疗效评定。结果手术均顺利完成,手术时间（134．5±24．7）min,术中出血量（92．6±65．7）ml。术后随访12～47个月,平均26个月,交感神经症状改善情况：优6例,良13例,可2例,差0例,优良率90．4％;JOA评分由术前的（10．3±1．4）分提高到末次随访时的（13．9±1．5）分,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。末次随访时植骨均融合,椎间融合器及内固定位置良好。椎间融合器无沉降,颈椎前凸曲度保持良好。结论颈前路椎间盘摘除椎间融合器植骨内固定术治疗交感型颈椎病可获得较好的临床疗效。     

Anterior cervical foramenotomy for cervical radiculopathy

Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) is standard practice for cervical radiculopathy. Irrespective of the precise method used, it involves more or less complete disc removal with resultant anatomical and biomechanical derangements, and frequently the insertion of a bone or prosthetic graft. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is an alternative procedure that allows effective anterior decompression of the nerve root and lateral spinal cord, whilst conserving the native disc, preserving normal anatomy and movement, and protecting against later degeneration at adjacent spaces as far as possible. The aim of the study was to determine the safety and efficacy of anterior cervical foramenotomy in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy and took the form of a prospective study of 21 cases under the care of a single surgeon. All patients had a single level or two level anterior cervical foramenotomy. All had pre- and postoperative visual analogue scores for arm and neck pain, arm strength, sensation and overall use. A comparison between patients' perceptions and surgeon's observations was also made. Patients were followed up for between 10 and 36 months. Sixty-eight per cent completed full pre- and postoperative assessments. Twenty-eight per cent of the responders had complete arm pain resolution. There were statistically significant reductions in arm and neck pain, and overall disability. The surgeon's impression of improvement paralleled that of the patients. There was one complication with discitis. Anterior cervical foramenotomy is a safe and effective treatment for cervical radiculopathy caused by posterolateral cervical disc prolapse or uncovertebral osteophyte, and might also reduce adjacent segment degeneration.     

Posterior cervical laminoplasty formultilevel cervical spine stenosis

Cervical laminoplasty for treating multilevel spinal stenosis appears to be a good surgical alternative to the more traditional laminectomy or anterior decompression and fusion. This procedure avoids the morbidity associated with extensive anterior procedures and also appears not to be associated with late kyphosis, which can be seen in patients after a laminectomy. This review outlines the rationale, indications, contraindications, and early clinical results for patients undergoing a posterior laminoplasty.     

Alternating cervical laminoplasty for cervical spondylotic myelopathy

We present a novel method of performing an 'open-door' cervical laminoplasty. The complete laminotomy is sited on alternate sides at successive levels, thereby allowing the posterior arch to be elevated to alternate sides. Foraminotomies can be carried out on either side to relieve root compression. The midline structures are preserved. We undertook this procedure in 23 elderly patients with a spondylotic myelopathy. Each was assessed clinically and radiologically before and after their operation. Follow-up was for a minimum of three years (mean 4.5 years; 3 to 7). Using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system, the mean pre-operative score was 8.1 (6 to 10), which improved post-operatively to a mean of 12.7 (11 to 14). The mean percentage improvement was 61% (50% to 85.7%) after three years. The canal/vertebral body ratio improved from a mean of 0.65 (0.33 to 0.73) pre-operatively to 0.94 (0.5 to 1.07) postoperatively. Alternating cervical laminoplasty can be performed safely in elderly patients with minimal morbidity and good results.     

微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病

【摘要】 目的：探讨微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病的有效性。方法：2008年7月~2010年7月12例单侧神经根型颈椎病患者在延边大学医院接受微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术。其中男7例,女5例,年龄为35~68岁,平均49岁。椎间孔狭窄部位：C5/6 4例,C6/7 5例,C7/T1 3例。软性髓核突出3例,钩椎关节骨质增生7例,突出的髓核钙化2例。均行前路手术,术中采用脊柱手术专用显微镜,在病变上位椎体确定钻孔起始部位,利用高速钻石气钻磨出一约6mm直径的通路达到病变区域,减压椎间孔。观察术前及末次随访时上肢放射性疼痛的VAS评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）及病变水平椎间盘高度。结果：手术时间为56~110min,平均86±6min;术中失血量为40~120ml,平均92±8ml。无椎动脉损伤、贺纳氏综合征、喉返神经损伤等并发症。术后随访时间为12~23个月,平均15.8±1.3个月。术前上肢疼痛VAS评分为8.5±0.5分（7~10分）,末次随访时为1.4±0.2分（0~3分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）;术前NDI为26.4±1.3分（22~31分）,末次随访时为4.2±0.6分（3~8分）,两者比较有显著性差异（P<0.05）,改善率为84.1%;术前病变水平椎间盘高度为5.4±0.7mm（4.2~6.1mm）,末次随访时为4.9±0.7mm（3.6~5.8mm）,两者比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）。术后满意度为100%。结论：微创前路经上位椎体椎间孔减压术可减少对椎间盘的损伤,是治疗单侧神经根型颈椎病的有效手术方法。     

Anterior cervical microforaminotomy for cervical radiculopathy--results and review

Analysis of anterior cervical microforaminotomy performed at the North Staffordshire University Hospital along with a review of literature of this minimally invasive procedure is presented. METHODS: A retrospective-prospective study was performed on 34 patients (24 males, 10 females) with cervical disc disease who had been surgically treated with anterior cervical microforaminotomy between 1999 and 2005. Age ranged from 37 to 75. MRI findings were disc prolapse in 28 and additional osteophytes in six. Microforaminotomy was performed according to the published technique. RESULTS: Single level operations were performed in 22 patients (21 unilateral, 1 bilateral) and multi-level operations were performed in 12 patients (7 unilateral and 5 bilateral). The short-term outcomes were excellent in 65% (i.e., complete resolution of all symptoms), good in 29% (relief of radiculopathy but some non-radicular discomfort persists), and fair in 6% (mild residual radiculopathy with or without non-radicular symptoms). Postoperative complications include one patient with partial C6 root damage, which was identified intraoperatively, but had excellent results at 2 months post operation. Long-term follow-up (using the cervical spine research society questionnaire) ranged from 2-48 months. The average pain score, neurological outcome and functional outcome improved after this operation. RE-OPERATION: One patient, who had 2 level bilateral surgeries, needed discectomies with fusion for new onset myelopathy 18 months later. CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection is cardinal in achieving good outcome in anterior microforaminotomy.     

Percutaneous cervical nucleoplasty and percutaneous cervical discectomy treatments of the contained cervical disc herniation

Background  

There were no studies in literature to compare the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nucleoplasty (PCN) and percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) in contained cervical disc herniation.     

前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术与动态装置植入术治疗单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症

目的 对比前路颈椎椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)与颈椎前路动态装置植入术(DCI)对单节段颈椎椎间盘突出症(CDH)患者颈椎活动度(ROM)及术后颈椎曲度的影响.方法 回顾性分析2018年6月—2019年9月海军军医大学长征医院收治的78例单节段CDH患者临床资料,其中42例采用ACDF治疗(ACDF组),36例采用DC...     

颈椎不稳在交感型颈椎病发病中的作用

目的：研究交感型颈椎病的病理因素及治疗方法。方法：回顾分析了1988-2000年收治的20例手术治疗的交感型颈椎病患者。根据术前及术后颈椎伸屈侧位X光片判断有无颈椎不稳。结果：20例患者术前均有颈椎不稳,颈椎不稳主要发生在C3-C4和C4-C5,颈椎高位硬膜外封闭对大部分患者有短期效果。每例患者均于不稳节段行颈前路融合术,手术有效率为90％。结论：颈椎不稳是导致交感型颈椎病发病的重要因素;颈椎高位硬膜外封闭可有短期疗效因此具有重要的诊断价值;颈椎前路植骨融合术是治疗交感型颈椎病的有效方法。     

Postoperative instability of cervical OPLL and cervical radiculomyelopathy

The presence of cervical spine instability with respect to preoperative and postoperative changes in angular, horizontal, and rotational displacement of the vertebral body were studied. With the anterior approach, the instability in the remaining unfused segments, and their relation to the kyphotic or lordotic fused segment were studied. With the posterior approach, postoperative ROM (range of motion) could be better maintained, and horizontal displacement was improved in more cases by laminoplasty compared with laminectomy. With the anterior approach, the compensatory function for the loss of motion of the segments resulting from fusion was most remarkable at the levels of C2-3 and C6-7. In the alignment of the anterior fused segments, it appears important that the physiologic lordotic position be maintained.