改良复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床观察

目的:观察改良复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼及其并发症。方法:对确诊为原发性青光眼的26例35眼患者随机分为观察组改良复合式小梁切除术(17眼)与对照组单纯小梁切除术(18眼)进行观察分析,随访6～12(平均9.8)mo。结果:手术前后眼压情况:术前观察组54.37±6.30mmHg,对照组45.71±6.59mmHg;术后7d,观察组13.18±1.63mmHg,对照组13.33±2.11mmHg;术后6～12mo,观察组14.24±1.63mmHg,对照组19.33±2.14mmHg。观察组术后第1d前房形成15眼(88%),Ⅰ度浅前房1眼,Ⅱ度浅前房1眼,术后浅前房占12%(2/17)。对照组术后第1d前房形成8眼(44%),Ⅰ度浅前房6眼,Ⅱ度浅前房2眼,Ⅲ度浅前房2眼,浅前房共占56%(10/18)。6～12mo观察组中88%(15/17)为功能性滤过泡。对照组中56%(10/18)为功能性滤过泡。结论:复合式小梁切除术明显地提高了手术的成功率,减少术中、术后并发症,是一种理想的手术方法。     

可调节缝线在青光眼滤过术中的应用研究

目的：探讨常规小梁切除术后应用可调节缝线在青光眼滤过术中的疗效。
　　方法：选取本院收治的78例101眼青光眼患者,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组(39例51眼)在行小梁切除术后行可调节缝线术,对照组(39例50眼)行小梁切除术。
　　结果：两组术前眼压比较,差异无统计学意义( P>0.05);术后6mo,观察组和对照组眼压均较术前显著下降,且观察组眼压均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6mo,观察组仅出现Ⅰ级浅前房1眼,非功能性滤过泡2眼,并发症发生率为5.9%;对照组浅前房6眼,其中Ⅰ级4眼,Ⅱ和Ⅲ级各1眼;非功能性滤过泡5眼及巩膜瓣粘连1眼,对照组的并发症发生率为24.0%,明显高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。
　　结论：可调节缝线联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼能够显著减少术后并发症,疗效确切,利于临床推广应用。     

可调整缝线联合丝裂霉素C在小梁切除术中的应用

目的:分析可调整缝线及丝裂霉素C在小梁切除术中的应用及手术后的效果。方法:对65例65眼各种类型青光眼患者行小梁切除术,术中一次性应用丝裂霉素C联合巩膜瓣可调整缝线,术后随访3mo～1a,观察手术前后的眼压、术后切口对合、前房形成、滤过泡形态及并发症的情况。结果:术后第1d前房形成63眼(96.9%),浅Ⅰ级前房1眼(1.5%),浅Ⅱ级前房1眼(1.5%);术后7～10d出院时眼压平均为13.6mmHg,6mo眼压平均为14.9mmHg,1a眼压平均为16.7mmHg。所有病例术前术后视力不变或略有提高;出院时均有弥散滤过泡形成。可调线依据眼压、前房、滤过情况于术后1～2wk时酌情拆除,必要时辅以眼球按摩辅助滤过形成,眼压可以下降2～8mmHg。结论:可调整缝线、丝裂霉素C联合小梁切除术治疗青光眼安全性高,术后并发症少,疗效确切,操作简便,适合于基层医院开展。     

生物羊膜在难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除术中应用的临床观察

目的:观察生物羊膜在难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除术中应用的临床疗效。方法:选择我院46例62眼难治性青光眼患者,随机分为两组,A组为观察组32眼,行复合式小梁切除联合生物羊膜植入术,B组为对照组30眼,行复合式小梁切除术。观察术后眼压、滤过泡、视力、前房及角膜、术后并发症。结果:随诊12mo,眼压:两组手术前后各时间点眼压均明显降低(P<0.01)。术后12mo平均眼压:A组为12.3±2.3mmHg,B组为15.7±2.7mmHg,两组术后各时间点眼压无统计学意义(P>0.05)。滤过泡:术后12mo A组功能型滤过泡28眼(88%),B组功能型滤过泡20眼(67%),两组间有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组发生浅前房5眼(16%),脉络膜脱离2眼(6%),B组浅前房3眼(10%),脉络膜脱离2眼(7%),滤过泡渗漏1眼(3%)。结论:复合式小梁切除术联合生物羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼能有效提高手术成功率。     

非穿透小梁手术和小梁切除手术治疗开角型青光眼临床效果比较

目的:对比分析非穿透小梁手术和小梁切除手术治疗开角型青光眼的临床疗效。方法:原发性开角型青光眼196例222眼,其中小梁切除术197眼,非穿透小梁手术25眼,术后观察视力、眼压、滤过泡、前房深度、前房出血、前房反应以及视野等情况,随访时间1d～24(平均10.6)mo。结果:小梁切除术患者术前、术后3,7d;1,6,12和24mo眼压分别为27.61±6.59,10.49±6.22,12.37±7.51,14.37±4.22,13.66±5.78,18.91±7.32和17.53±4.11mmHg,非穿透小梁手术术前、术后3,7d;1,6,12和24mo眼压分别为25.17±8.31,13.66±5.92,15.22±3.60,16.08±6.39,16.16±4.57,17.63±5.91和16.87±6.27mmHg。两种手术后眼压均明显降低,在术后3d～6mo小梁切除手术后眼压低于非穿透小梁手术后眼压(P<0.05),术后12mo以上,二者眼压比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。患者小梁切除术后随访7d;1,6,12和24mo滤过泡维持比例为195/197,113/152,60/137,47/62和33/46,而非穿透小梁手术的比例分别为25/25,17/23,12/19,5/9和5/9。术后常见并发症包括浅前房、脉络膜脱离、低眼压、前房出血、葡萄膜炎和恶性青光眼,小梁切除术后发生率为18%,2%、40%,24%和1%,非穿透小梁手术后发生率分别为4%,0%,28%,4%和0%。结论:非穿透小梁手术和小梁切除手术均是治疗开角型青光眼有效方法,前者术后并发症较少,后者术后短期眼压控制较理想。     

难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术疗效观察

目的:观察难治性青光眼复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术临床疗效。方法:选择我院80例86眼难治性青光眼患者,随机分为复合式小梁切除术联合羊膜植入术组(实验组)43眼和复合式小梁切除术组(对照组)43眼。观察术后眼压、滤过泡形成情况及并发症。结果:随诊12mo,平均眼压:实验组15.5±1.1mmHg,对照组19.7±2.5mmHg,两组术后平均眼压差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);功能性滤过泡:实验组(86%)较对照组(67%)多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后并发症(浅前房、脉络膜脱离和滤过泡渗漏)发生率实验组明显低于对照组。结论:复合式小梁切除联合羊膜植入术治疗青光眼具有手术成功率高,术后并发症发生率低的特点。     

现代改良小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床观察

目的探讨现代改良小梁切除术治疗青光眼的效果。方法我院于2003年8月～2006年1月采用现代改良小梁切除术（小梁切除术＋前房穿刺＋丝裂霉素C＋巩膜瓣可调缝线）治疗青光眼患者128例（149眼），术后随访3个月～1年，观察手术前后的眼压、术后切口对合、前房形成、滤过泡形态及并发症的情况。结果术后第1天前房形成138眼（92．6％），浅Ⅰ级前房8眼（5．4％），浅Ⅱ级前房2眼（1．3％），浅Ⅲ级前房1眼（0．7％）。术后7～10天出院时眼压平均为13．2mmHg，6个月眼压平均为15．3mmHg，1年眼压平均为17．5mmHg。出院时滤过泡形态分微小囊状型（Ⅰ型）1眼，弥漫扁平型（Ⅱ型）145眼。可调线依据眼压、前房、滤过情况于术后1～2周时酌情拆除，必要时辅以眼球按摩辅助滤过形成，眼压可以下降2～8mmHg。结论现代改良小梁切除术治疗青光眼安全性高，术后并发症少，疗效确切，适合于基层医院开展。     

非穿透小梁切除术联合小梁切开术治疗先天性青光眼

目的:探讨非穿透小梁切除术联合小梁切开术治疗先天性青光眼的有效性和安全性。方法:对21例(37眼)先天性青光眼行非穿透小梁切除术联合小梁切开术。术后观察眼压、角膜横径、杯盘比值、滤过泡及并发症。病例随访12～24mo。结果:术前平均眼压28.5±6.5mmHg,最后一次随访时眼压15.2±5.5mmHg,两者差异有显著性(P<0.01),手术成功率94%(IOP<21mmHg)。术后28眼有功能性滤过泡,所有病例角膜横径和杯盘比值稳定,无浅前房,玻璃体脱出,虹膜粘连及眼内感染等并发症。结论:非穿透小梁切除联合小梁切开术是一种安全、有效的治疗先天性青光眼的方法。     

复合式与单纯小梁切除术治疗青光眼的疗效

目的：对比观察复合式与单纯小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床疗效。方法：青光眼患者73例82眼随机分为A组（37例42眼）和B组（36例40眼）,分别采用复合式小梁切除术和单纯小梁切除术治疗,术后随访3mo,观察并比较两组的浅前房发生率、滤过泡形成情况以及眼压控制情况。结果：A组浅前房发生率为4.8%（Ⅰ度）,B组浅前房发生率为35.0%（Ⅰ度＋Ⅱ度）,两组浅前房发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;A组随访结束时共38眼（90.5%）为功能性滤过泡,B组共28眼（70.0%）为功能性滤过泡,两组功能性滤过泡形成率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后3mo时,A组眼压获完全控制者共37眼（88.1%）,显著高于B组（52.5%）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;术后3mo时,A组平均眼压为15.2±2.3mmHg,显著低于B组（18.5±2.5mmHg）,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：复合式小梁切除术可有效减少术后浅前房的发生,在功能性滤过泡形成和眼压控制方面疗效显著,明显优于单纯小梁切除术。     

NPTS联合透明质酸钠生物胶治疗开角型青光眼

目的:回顾总结非穿透性小梁切除联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入及丝裂霉素应用治疗开角型青光眼的疗效。方法:对20例24眼开角型青光眼施行非穿透性小梁切除手术,术中巩膜床植入透明质酸生物胶及应用丝裂霉素,术后随访12～36mo,观察眼压、视力、前房角、滤过泡等情况。结果:术后1,2,3a时眼压分别为16.32±5.25,17.28±5.70,18.26±5.20mmHg,与术前眼压35.52±7.6mmHg相比明显下降(P<0.01)。术后视力达到或高于术前水平22眼,视力下降2眼。术中、术后均未出现浅前房及前房炎症反应。24眼均有功能型滤过泡。结论:非穿透性小梁切除联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入及丝裂霉素应用能安全、有效地治疗开角型青光眼。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.