教子的“中心’’和“基本点’’

转眼间．儿子已经是小学一年级的学生了。我在教育孩子方面严格遵循着自己总结的“一个中心，三个基本点”。下面列举一下与年轻的父母们共同商榷。 先说说“三个基本点”：     

Falls’ and fallers’ profiles

Objective  

To describe the different falls typology and to investigate whether different falls profiles and faller profiles could be identified among a cohort of community-dwelling women aged 75 years and older.     

20’30’40’女人的10个私房话

品尝了甜蜜的爱情，享受了美妙的性爱之后，有一个不能回避的话题就是避孕。对各种避孕方法的关注，是闺密们聚会时的秘密话题。我们特请来妇科专家，细心解答女人关心的避孕话题。[编者按]     

应该知道的健身“数字’’

10分钟每天只要10分钟的静坐，就能让你解除沉重压力，恢复活力。选一个安静的角落，把手机．电视都关掉，试着让自己安静下来，只专注你的呼吸．慢慢地吸气，用10～15秒的时间将气吸进丹田，再以同样的速度，慢慢将气完全吐出。     

Children’s Gender and Parents’ Color Preferences

Gender differences in color preferences have been found in adults and children, but they remain unexplained. This study asks whether the gendered social environment in adulthood affects parents’ color preferences. The analysis used the gender of children to represent one aspect of the gendered social environment. Because having male versus female children in the U.S. is generally randomly distributed, it provides something of a natural experiment, offering evidence about the social construction of gender in adulthood. The participants were 749 adults with children who responded to an online survey invitation, asking “What’s your favorite color?” Men were more likely to prefer blue, while women were more likely to prefer red, purple, and pink, consistent with long-standing U.S. patterns. The effect of having only sons was to widen the existing gender differences between men and women, increasing the odds that men prefer blue while reducing the odds that women do; and a marginally significant effect showed women having higher odds of preferring pink when they have sons only. The results suggest that, in addition to any genetic, biological or child-socialization effects shaping adults’ tendency to segregate their color preferences by gender, the gender context of adulthood matters as well.     

Transitions in infants’ and toddlers’ beverage patterns

ObjectiveTo describe transitions and patterns in infants’ and toddlers’ beverage intakes, with focus on nonmilk beverages.DesignA cross-sectional study was conducted by telephone to obtain a 24-hour dietary recall of infants’ and toddlers’ food intakes, as reported by mothers or other primary caregivers.SubjectsA nationwide sample of infants and toddlers (n=3,022) ages 4 to 24 months, who participated in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS).AnalysesBeverages were categorized as total milks (ie, breast milk, infant formulas, cow’s milk, soy milk, goat’s milk), 100% juices, fruit drinks, carbonated beverages, water, and “other.” Analyses included means ± standard deviations, percentages, frequencies, nutrient densities, and linear regression.ResultsBeverages provided 84% of total daily food energy for infants 4 to 6 months of age, decreasing to 36% at ages 19 to 24 months. Apple juice and apple-flavored fruit drinks were the most frequently consumed beverages in the 100% juice and fruit drink categories, respectively. Juices, fruit drinks, and carbonated beverages appeared to displace milk in toddlers’ diets (P<.0001).Applications/conclusionsThis research shows that beverages make important contributions to infants’ and toddlers’ energy and nutrient needs, but they must be wisely chosen. Registered dietitians should advise parents and caregivers that excessive intakes of any beverage, including milks and 100% juices, may displace other foods and beverages in the diet and/or contribute to excess food energy (kcal). Further research is needed to define excessive amounts in each beverage category, and such guidance could be very useful to parents and caregivers of infants and toddlers.     

从“有限理性’’看医患关系

介绍了“有限理性”理论，用该理论分析医患关系及其存在的问题，提示医患双方应从程序理性出发，注重医患关系过程的合理性、科争陛，只有医患双方都讲求程序理性，才可能使医患关系走向良性发展。     

灾难医学救援“三个阶段’’

根据疾病谱变化规律，可将灾难医学救援按时间划分为三个阶段：第一阶段：称之为灾难医学救援早期或应急期，指灾后1周内这一时间段。此段外伤／伤口类疾病占绝大多数，以抢救生命为首位；第二阶段：称之为灾难医学救援中期或亚急期，指灾后7～30天这一时间段。     

’99卷首语

当您拿到“药物与人”杂志1999年第1期时,一定会惊奇地看到,“药物与人”的版面变了,“药物与人”的风格变了。是的,“药物与人”的确变了,她从1998年的医药专业科普的台阶上走了下来,走入大众科普读物的队伍,走向普通百姓,走进寻常人家。一句话,“药物与人”向广大读者走得更近了,“药物与人”的朋友队伍扩大了。     

包头：“院长讲坛’’议医改大计

“‘院长讲坛’的召开是包头市医疗卫生界一件具有里程碑意义的大事，具有创新性，非常适时，对贯彻落实国家关于新医改的各项方针政策和深化我市公立医院改革、推进医院健康快速发展具有积极的推动作用。”包头市人民政府副市长高志勇对包头市首届医院“院长阱坛”如是评价。     

Patients’ preferences for family medicine physicians’ video biographies

ABSTRACT

No studies have assessed prospective patients’ opinions regarding physician introductory videos despite their increasing prevalence. Therefore, a within-subjects experiment randomly exposed participants to five physician video biographies featuring primarily either personal or professional information. Participants’ attitudes were measured. They also selected the physician they would want to visit. Participants chose physicians with whom they perceived the greatest similarity, and indicated greater ease choosing physicians when exposed to biographies containing personal information. Future videos should be between 60 and 90 seconds. Participants appreciated videos’ abilities to show physicians’ personalities. Participants also stated what else they would like to see included in future videos.     

Toddlers’ Food Preferences: Concordance with Family Members’ Preferences

To determine the food preferences of toddlers and the concordance with preferences of their family members, 118 children, ages 28 to 36 months, were assessed with a written questionnaire completed by their mothers. The questionnaire included 196 foods commonly eaten across the U.S. Response categories were [food] never offered, never tasted, [child] likes and eats, dislikes but eats, likes but does not eat, and dislikes and does not eat. Similar questionnaires were completed by mothers (n = 117), fathers (n = 96), and an older sibling (n = 47) of the child. Results indicated strong concordance (82.0–83.3%) of food preferences between the child and other family members. Similarity between foods never offered to the child and the mother's dislikes was significant at p = .005. On the average, children had been offered 77.8% of the 196 foods and liked 81.1% of the foods offered to them. Foods liked and eaten by over 95% of the children included French fries, pizza, potato chips, apple juice, bananas, saltine crackers, spaghetti, biscuits, rolls (white), and popcorn. No single food was disliked and not eaten by a majority of the children. Results suggest that the most limiting category related to food preferences were those foods never offered to the child.     

An empirical analysis of consumers’ attitudes toward pharmacies’ advertising

This study investigates current attitudes and opinions toward pharmacies’ advertising. The purposes of this study were to determine (a) consumers’ attitudes toward advertising by pharmacies and (b) whether age, race, income, marital status, occupation, education, sex, and number of children in household of the consumer accounted for any significant difference in attitudes toward pharmacies that advertise. The intent was to discover information that would be useful to pharmacies in planning marketing strategies and improving the quality of their advertising. The study seems to confirm the belief of many pharmacies that advertising and marketing clearly have a place in the future of pharmacists’ services.     

’93阅读大奖赛

史克肠虫清鸡年好运奖三联试卷题库(之三) “怀了肠虫”有症状 在寄生虫感染中,肠道感染最为流行。小小的肠道寄生虫正在悄悄地吞噬着人类健康,特别是威胁着儿童的健康。在儿童营养不良的病例中有多达半数是由肠道寄生虫引起的。 人体的肠道寄生虫有30多种,其中以蛔虫、蛲虫、钩虫和鞭虫最为常见。(见表)