Influence of sampling factors on canine sperm motility parameters measured by the Sperm Class Analyzer

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different technical settings and semen processing on sperm motility parameters measured by the Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA). Semen was collected from 3 dogs, pooled, and diluted in phosphate buffered saline and subsequently assessed by the SCA for the different sperm motility characteristics. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and the repeatability was assessed by coefficient of variation (CV). After a principal component analysis, the reliability was determined with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). In experiment 1, the CV's were below 10% for all evaluated parameters. Significant differences (P?<?0.05) were found between the different sperm concentrations (25, 50, and 75 x 10⁶ spermatozoa/ml) in all of the motion parameters assessed, yielding the highest ICC (0.81) at 25 x 10⁶ spermatozoa/ml. No significant differences (P?>?0.05) in SCA read-outs were found between the number of microscopic fields captured (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 fields), yielding the highest ICC (0.83) when 3 fields were captured. No significant differences (P?>?0.05) in motility parameters were found between the number of cells analyzed in each field (20, 50, and 100 spermatozoa) with the exception of beat cross frequency. Reliability of the SCA was good (ICC?=?0.71 to 0.90) for all motility measurements when 20 (ICC?=?0.89) or 50 (ICC?=?0.77) cells were captured in each field, but only just acceptable (ICC?=?0.51 to 0.70) when 100 cells were counted (ICC?=?0.67). The frame settings significantly (P?<?0.05) influenced most of the measured motility characteristics. Scanning 60 frames at a frame rate of 30?Hz improved the reliability of the results (ICC?=?0.92). In conclusion, we suggest that the measurements with the SCA are ideally performed at a sperm concentration of 25 x 10⁶ spermatozoa/ml, counting at least 100 cells in three microscopic fields. We also propose that the SCA should analyze 60 frames at 30?Hz to yield consistent results of a set of measurements or a measuring instrument thus obtaining reliable motility results.     

Relationship of seminal plasma antioxidants and serum male hormones with sperm chromatin status in male factor infertility

We explored the relationship between sperm chromatin integrity, hormone levels, seminal plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and routine sperm parameters in men with male factor (MF, n?=?81) and non-male factor (NMF, n?=?52) infertility. Semen and blood were collected and examined from men undergoing evaluation for infertility in the Avicenna Infertility Clinic. We have examined each patient for serum hormones (LH, FSH, E2, DHEA), sperm chromatin damage, level of protamination and seminal plasma TAC. Levels of FSH, LH, sperm chromatin damage, and abnormal protamination were significantly higher in MF vs. NMF groups (p?<?0.001). Sperm chromatin damage was correlated with percentage of CMA₃- positive sperm (r?=?0.64, p?<?0.001) and with sperm concentration (r?=??0.36, p?<?0.001), motility (r?=??0.21, p?<?0.05), and morphologically normal spermatozoa (r?=??0.29, p?<?0.001). Linear regression showed sperm chromatin damage was related to percentage of CMA₃- positive sperm (p?<?0.001) in ungrouped patients. It was related to both percentage of CMA₃- positive sperm and serum DHEA in the MF group (p?<?0.001 and p?<?0.05, respectively). Sperm chromatin maturity assessed by CMA₃ test was inversely related to sperm chromatin damage assessed by the toludine blue assay. Male factor infertility associated with sperm chromatin damage may be related to sperm protamination and to serum DHEA.     

Associations between biochemical components of human semen with seminal conditions

The aim of the study was to assess whether abnormal levels of seminal biochemical components could be associated with semen alterations and infertility. In this study, 92 human ejaculates from selected men were analyzed. Albumin, estradiol, ferritin, total proteins (TP), folic acid (FA), vitamin B12, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase were evaluated. Semen parameters and biochemical components of the 92 samples were correlated bySpearman’s rho coefficient. Albumin showed a negative correlation with sperm progressive motility and vitality (P < 0.05), CK with sperm concentration and vitality (P < 0.05), ferritin with sperm morphology (P < 0.05). FA negatively correlated with sperm concentration (P < 0.05) and GGT with sperm motility (P < 0.05). The values of biochemical components were compared for each semen parameters (concentration, motility, morphology, vitality) in samples ≤5th percentile with those >5th percentile and in patients with/without leukocytospermia, presence/absence of germ cells, increased/normal viscosity by Mann Whitney U test. The albumin (P < 0.001) and TP (P < 0.05) levels and the GGT activity (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with sperm motility ≤5th percentile. Patients with sperm vitality ≤5th percentile showed increased albumin concentration (P < 0.01) and the CK activity (P < 0.001). The presence of germ cells in semen was concomitant with high values of ferritin (P < 0.01); the ALP activity (P < 0.01) and FA level (P < 0.001) were decreased in hyperviscous semen. The FA and estradiol levels were significantly decreased in the smoker group compared to those measured in the non-smoker group. Subjects were grouped in infertile patients and men with unknown reproductive potential. Infertile patients albumin and ferritin were significantly increased (P < 0.05). This study suggests that some biochemical components may be associated with human seminal pathological conditions.

Abbreviations: ALP: alkaline phosphatase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; CK: creatine kinase; ACP: acid phosphatase; ALB: albumin; TP: total proteins; FERR: ferritin, E: estradiol; FOL: folic acid; B12: vitamin B12; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; T: testosterone; BMI: body mass index; WHO: World Health Organization.     

DNA fragmentation status in patients with necrozoospermia

The aim of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between the levels of sperm DNA fragmentation and necrospermia in infertile men. Semen samples obtained from 70 men consulting for infertility evaluation were analyzed according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Patients were subdivided into three groups according to the percentage of necrotic spermatozoa: normozoospermia (<30%; n?=?20), moderate necrozoospermia (50-80%; n?=?30), and severe necrozoospermia (>80%; n?=?20). DNA fragmentation was detected by the terminal desoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) was 9.28?±?2.98% in patients with a normal level of necrotic spermatozoa, 20.25?±?3.21% in patients with moderate necrozoospermia, and 35.31?±?5.25% in patients with severe necrozoospermia. There was a statistically significant increase of DNA fragmentation in the necrozoospermic group (P?<?0.01). A strong correlation was found between the degree of necrozoospermia and sperm DNA fragmentation. We concluded that patients with necrozoospermia showed a high level of DNA fragmentation compared to normozoospermic men. Severe necrozoospermia (>80%) is a predictive factor for increased sperm DNA damage.     

丙型肝炎病毒载量与肝功能指标的关联分析

目的通过观察丙型肝炎病毒（hepatitis C virus,HCV）RNA水平与常规生化指标间的关系,寻找可指导HCV筛查及反映丙型肝炎治疗情况的有效指标。方法利用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-PCR）检测HCV RNA含量,生化指标在全自动生化分析仪上测定,采用Bivariate correlation和Logistic regression分析血浆HCV RNA含量与性别、年龄及常规生化指标间的相关性。结果 Bivariate correlation分析表明HCV RNA含量与腺苷脱氨酶（ADA）、亮氨酸氨基肽酶（LAP）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶（GGT）及总胆汁酸（TBA）呈正相关（P〈0.05）;与前白蛋白（PA）和AST/ALT呈负相关（P〈0.05）。逻辑回归分析提示HCV RNA含量只与ADA水平成正相关（P〈0.001）,与PA水平及AST/ALT比值成负相关（P=0.008）。结论血浆HCV RNA含量与性别及年龄无关,血浆HCV RNA含量增加可能导致ADA水平升高,同时导致PA水平及AST/ALT比值下降,这三个指标可指导HCV的筛查及反映丙型肝炎的治疗情况。     

Contribution of diet and other factors to the levels of selected polyfluorinated compounds: Data from NHANES 2003–2008

Contribution of diet and selected risk factors to the levels of four polyfluorinated compounds was evaluated. Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for the years 2003–2008 were used. Dietary factors accounted for 10.4% to 21.2% of the explained variation. Amount of milk consumed was found to be positively associated (p < 0.01) with perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) but negatively associated with perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) (p < 0.01). Amount of meat and fish consumed was positively associated (p < 0.01) with PFNA and PFOS. Amount of non-alcoholic beverages consumed was positively associated (p < 0.01) with PFNA and PFOA. Levels of PFOS increased (p < 0.01) with increase in the amount of alcoholic beverages consumed. Total amount of alcohol consumed was positively associated (p < 0.01) with PFNA. Levels of both PFOA and PFOS decreased with increase in total amount of caffeine consumed. Total amount of fat consumed was negatively associated with PFNA and positively associated with PFOS. Total calories consumed were negatively associated with perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) and PFOS but positively associated with PFNA. New to this study, positive correlations (p < 0.01) between serum cholesterol and PFNA, PFOA, and PFOS were found. Serum albumin levels were negatively correlated with PFHxS but positively correlated with PFOA and PFOS. Males had statistically significantly higher levels of all four PFCs as compared to females and Mexican Americans had the lowest levels of all four PFCs than other race/ethnic groups. Levels of all four PFCs increased with increase in family income. Body mass index was negatively correlated with PFNA but positively associated with PFOA. There was a statistically significant decrease in the levels of PFOS over survey years 2003–2008.     

Does sperm DNA fragmentation affect the developmental potential and the incidence of apoptosis following blastomere biopsy?

Common methods employed in assisted reproduction technology (ART) include intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with an unspecified level of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of SDF on human preimplantation embryo development and the incidence of apoptosis following a single blastomere biopsy. Using sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) to assess SDF, a total of 20 processed semen samples were categorized into two groups; group I: SDF ≤30% and group II: SDF >30%. After ICSI, fertilization, cleavage, and embryo quality score were assessed. A single blastomere was biopsied from day 3 embryos and development was monitored on day 4. The frequency of apoptosis in biopsied embryos was assayed by TUNEL and the level of BCL-2, BAX, hsa-mir-15a, and hsa-mir-16-1 were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). SCD was found to be negatively correlated with sperm motility and normal form spermatozoa (p?<?0.05). The rate of fertilization, cleavage, and embryo quality score were not significantly different between the two groups (all p?>?0.05). SDF >30% had no negative effect on potential development and did not increase the proportion of apoptotic cells and the level of apoptosis-related genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) in group II vs. group I (p?>?0.05). It appears that at the levels assessed paternal genome damage had little if any negative effect on preimplantaton embryo development and apoptosis following single blastomere biopsy. This may reflect the selection of morphologically normal sperm for ICSI and the repair capacity of the oocyte.     

Oocyte quality determines bovine embryo development after fertilisation with hydrogen peroxide-stressed spermatozoa

Exposure of gametes to specific stressors at sublethal levels can enhance the gametes' subsequent performance in processes such as cryopreservation. In the present study, bull spermatozoa were subjected to H?O? for 4 h at 100-, 200- and 500-μM levels; computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay were used for evaluation of subsequent sperm motility and DNA integrity, respectively. Exposure of spermatozoa to H?O? did not affect sperm motility but DNA integrity was negatively affected by 500 μM H?O? compared with mock-exposed spermatozoa, whereas both motility and DNA integrity were affected compared with untreated spermatozoa. Nevertheless, insemination of oocytes with spermatozoa exposed to 200 μM H?O? increased fertilisation, cleavage and blastocyst rates (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the higher blastocyst yield after fertilisation of oocytes with spermatozoa exposed to 200 μM H?O? was related to oocyte diameter, with large-medium oocytes yielding higher blastocyst rates, while small-diameter oocytes consistently failed to develop into blastocysts. In conclusion, the results indicate that exposure of spermatozoa to 200 μM H?O? before sperm-oocyte interaction may enhance in vitro embryo production in cattle. However, this increased embryo production is largely dependent on the intrinsic quality of the oocytes.     

Oleuropein protects against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and modulates sperm quality in the rat testis

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of oleuropein on ethanol-induced oxidative stress in the rat testis. 32 adult male Sprague?CDawley rats were divided into four equal groups: the first group as a control, the second group of rats were given ethanol (4?g/kg), the third group received oleuropein (15?mg/kg), and the fourth group of rats were supplemented of oleuropein (15?mg/kg) and after 120?min were ingested via ethanol (4?g/kg) orally. Oleuropein could prevent the reduction of motility and plasma membrane integrity of the spermatozoa against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in treated rats (P?<?0.05). While, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (as a lipid peroxidation marker) concentration was decreased significantly in the oleuropein plus ethanol group compared to the ethanol group (P?<?0.05). Notably, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity increased significantly in the ethanol-treated animals compared to controls and total glutathione (GSH-content) increased significantly in ethanol-treated rats compared to the oleuropein group. Our findings suggest that oleuropein possesses beneficial antioxidant effects on ethanol-induced sperm toxicity, subsequently enhancing sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity.     

LESS NO PRODUCTION AND BETTER MOTION PARAMETER IN HUMAN SPERM BY SWIM-UP PROCESSING

Fifteen semen specimens were obtained from men for semen analysis; each was divided into two aliquots for prepararation. The motile sperm recovery rate, percentage motility, and motion parameters were measured for each semen specimen (n?=?15) before and after preparation with the use of the two methods, and cultured with different time courses (1?hr, 3?hr, and 6?hr). Nitric oxide (NO) was measured using the chemiluminscence method after centrifugation. Recovery rate of motile cell was significantly higher in direct swim-up method (69.5?±?42.4% versus 49.3?±?29.3%, p?<?0.05). In motility, direct swim-up method in the different time courses was significantly better than IxaPrep method. (1?hr: 91.1?±?5.2% vs 65.6?±?16.4%, 3?hr: 87.2?±?7.9% vs 65.2?±?16.5%, 6?hr: 86.1?±?7.5% vs 60.8?±?17.6% and prewash: 61.6?±?16.2%, p?<?0.05). In VAP and VSL, the sperm prepared by the above two methods all improved compared to pre-wash sperm (p?<?0.05), but there was no statistical significance between the two methods. NO production in the direct swim-up group was significantly lower than IxaPrep group in the first hour of culture (0.09?±?0.09?uM vs 0.15?±?0.09?uM, p?<?0.05). NO production increased as the culture time increased in swim-up group, but conversed in IxaPrep group. The lower level of NO produced in the swim-up group may suggest that better sperm quality achieved is due to the decreased NO production.     

A comparison of ejaculated and testicular spermatozoa aneuploidy rates in patients with high sperm DNA damage

Testicular spermatozoa are utilized to achieve pregnancy in couples with severe male factor infertility. Several studies suggest that aneuploidy rates in spermatozoa are elevated at the testicular level in infertile patients compared to ejaculates of normal controls. However, essential data regarding aneuploidy rates between ejaculated and testicular spermatozoa in the same individuals is lacking. The purpose of our study was to compare aneuploidy rates at the testicular and post-testicular level from the same patients with persistently high sperm DNA damage. Ejaculates and testicular biopsies were obtained from eight patients with persistently high DNA damage (>30%). Both ejaculated and testicular samples were analyzed for sperm DNA damage and sperm aneuploidy for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y. In addition, semen samples from ten normozoospermic men presenting for fertility evaluation served as a control group. A strong correlation between the alteration of spermatogenesis and chromatin deterioration was observed in our study. In the same individuals, testicular samples showed a significantly lower DNA damage compared to ejaculated spermatozoa (14.9%?±?5.0 vs. 40.6%?±?14.8, P?<?0.05), but significantly higher aneuploidy rates for the five analyzed chromosomes (12.41%?±?3.7 vs. 5.77%?±?1.2, P?<?0.05). While testicular spermatozoa appear favourable for ICSI in terms of lower DNA damage, this potential advantage could be offset by the higher aneuploidy rates in testicular spermatozoa.     

Influence of sampling factors on canine sperm motility parameters measured by the Sperm Class Analyzer

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different technical settings and semen processing on sperm motility parameters measured by the Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA). Semen was collected from 3 dogs, pooled, and diluted in phosphate buffered saline and subsequently assessed by the SCA for the different sperm motility characteristics. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and the repeatability was assessed by coefficient of variation (CV). After a principal component analysis, the reliability was determined with intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). In experiment 1, the CV's were below 10% for all evaluated parameters. Significant differences (P??0.05) in SCA read-outs were found between the number of microscopic fields captured (1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 fields), yielding the highest ICC (0.83) when 3 fields were captured. No significant differences (P?>?0.05) in motility parameters were found between the number of cells analyzed in each field (20, 50, and 100 spermatozoa) with the exception of beat cross frequency. Reliability of the SCA was good (ICC?=?0.71 to 0.90) for all motility measurements when 20 (ICC?=?0.89) or 50 (ICC?=?0.77) cells were captured in each field, but only just acceptable (ICC?=?0.51 to 0.70) when 100 cells were counted (ICC?=?0.67). The frame settings significantly (P?相似文献   

Relationship of seminal plasma antioxidants and serum male hormones with sperm chromatin status in male factor infertility

We explored the relationship between sperm chromatin integrity, hormone levels, seminal plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and routine sperm parameters in men with male factor (MF, n?=?81) and non-male factor (NMF, n?=?52) infertility. Semen and blood were collected and examined from men undergoing evaluation for infertility in the Avicenna Infertility Clinic. We have examined each patient for serum hormones (LH, FSH, E2, DHEA), sperm chromatin damage, level of protamination and seminal plasma TAC. Levels of FSH, LH, sperm chromatin damage, and abnormal protamination were significantly higher in MF vs. NMF groups (p?相似文献   

Effects of 12-week supplementation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus bergamia</Emphasis> extracts-based formulation CitriCholess on cholesterol and body weight in older adults with dyslipidemia: a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial

Backgrounds

Recent experiments suggest that Citrus bergamia extracts could benefit people with dyslipidemia and obesity but this needs to be further validated.

Methods

A total of 98 people age-matched older adults (65 years) with elevated blood lipids were enrolled to receive 12-week supplementation of a Citrus bergamia extracts-based formulation (CitriCholess)(n?=?48) and placebo (n?=?50).

Results

No group differences were found in baseline bodyweight, body mass index (BMI), blood cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucose levels. CitriCholess supplementation resulted in lower levels than placebo in TG (1.83?±?0.92 vs. 1.95?±?1.34 mmol/L, P?=?0.612), TC (5.14?±?0.98 vs. 5.44?±?0.77 mmol/L, P?=?0.097), and LDL-C (3.13?±?0.74 vs. 3.43?±?0.62 mmol/L, P?=?0.032). Compared to placebo, CitriCholess also resulted in greater reductions in body weight (?0.604?±?0.939 vs. 0.06?±?0.74 kg, P?<?0.01), waist circumferences (?0.60?±?1.349 cm vs. -0.16?±?1.503 cm, P?<?0.01) and BMI (?0.207?±?0.357 vs. 0.025?±?0.274, P?<?0.01). Additionally, females had a significantly higher level of HDL-C than males. TC was significantly correlated with LDL-C, and to a less degree, with TG. TG was inversely correlated with HDL-C. Body weight and waist circumference were negatively correlated with HDL-C and positively correlated with glucose.

Conclusion

12-week supplementation of CitriCholess could benefit lipid metabolism and weight management in old adults with dyslipidemia.

     

NAFLD患者肝功能与血脂的相关性研究

目的:探讨非酒精性脂肪肝性肝病(NAFLD)患者肝功能与血脂间的关系。方法:选取某医院健康体检人群中NAFLD患者116例,对照组94例,测量身高、体重,计算体质指数;检查血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酸转移酶(GGT)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),并进行对比分析。结果:NAFLD组ALT、AST、GGT及TG均高于对照组,而HDL-C则低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05),Pearson相关分析结果显示:ALT、AST分别与TG呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(相关系数r依次为0.423、0.324、-0.328、-0.282,P<0.01)。结论:NAFLD患者肝功能损害与脂代谢紊乱尤其是高TG血症及低HDL-C血症存在一定的相关性。     

REVISION OF HYPO-OSMOTIC SWELLING (HOS) TEST WITH A PROPOSITION OF CLASSIFIED GRADING SYSTEM: iTS COMPARISONS WITH FOUR DIFFERENT TYPES OF HUMAN SPERM SEPARATION TECHNIQUE

In this study, we arbitrarily classified the morphological changes of sperm under hypo-osmotic condition and compared the results with four different sperm separation techniques. The morphology of classification ranged from a good swelling (SG 3 > SG 2 > SG 1), to non-swelling but reactive (SG 0-R), and completely non-swelling (SG 0). Thirty fresh semen from patients were divided into 4 groups and each processed by washing, swim up, 2-layer column and real time micro-separation system. The prevalent patterns of the swollen sperm in sequence after treatment was SG 0 > SG 1 > SG 3 > SG2 > SG 0-R in fresh semen, and the proportion of SG 0 was almost half of the total % HOS test results. However, SG 3 became the most common swollen form with a significant increase in number with any method of sperm preparation after treatment. The real time technique yielded the highest % rate of SG 3 type of swollen spermatozoa and was the richest in concentration (53±3.9%, P < 0.05) as compared with that of swim up (26±4.6%), 2-layer (20±4.4%), sperm washing (23±3.9%), and fresh semen (17± 2.8%), respectively. By contrast, 2-layer collected more number of SG0-R (5.3±1.2%, P < 0.05) pattern of spermatozoa when compared to real time and swim up. A positive correlation (r = 0.81, P < 0.002) was shown between the % total HOS spermatozoa and total motility of fresh semen but not with morphology. Collectively, an abnormally functional sperm may exist in almost half of a total sperm count from men. It would appear that a better potential fertilization capacity may reside in the more swollen sperm from HOS test than the less swollen sperm and that may be more related with the motility rather than the morphology. The HOS classification and grading system appears valuable in further evaluating sperm quality.     

New method to estimate the possibility of natural pregnancy using computer-assisted sperm analysis

The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, which include percent motility and sperm concentration, are the only criteria for evaluating sperm quality and conception ability. However, these criteria are insufficient to evaluate the possibility of natural pregnancy. Thus, an index that can directly evaluate the possibility of a natural pregnancy is necessary. A new sperm energy theory without approximation was developed to assess the possibility of natural pregnancy based on mechanical sperm energy. Sperm motility parameters were measured using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) in 129 ejaculated semen samples from 50 men in couples diagnosed with infertility, in which no abnormalities were found in women (sterile group), and 157 ejaculated semen samples from 57 men who had already fathered children in natural pregnancies (control group). A total of 129 subjects were selected from the control group and classified as the fertile group in order of the sample measurement date. The sperm energy index (SEI) and mean sperm energy index (MEI) were accurately obtained according to the methods described by the new sperm energy theory. SEI reflects total mechanical energy of the sperm in a visual field during CASA measurements. MEI reflects the mean mechanical energy of one sperm in a measurement field. All subjects with (MEI)/(SEI)?>?2 were assigned to the sterile group. The larger the SEI, the higher was the probability of predicting fertile subjects. The probability of predicting fertile subjects was approximately 60% with a SEI of?>?0.5, 70% with a SEI of?>?1, 80% with a SEI of?>?3, and 90% with a SEI of?>?6 in cases where (MEI)/(SEI) is?<?2. The data support the view that this novel method can be used to estimate the possibility of a natural pregnancy.     

高尔基体蛋白73在肝硬化中表达水平的临床意义及与影像学指标的关系

目的 探讨血清高尔基体蛋白73（GP73)与肝硬化的临床意义及与影像学指标的关系。方法 选择2016年1月至2018年12月吉林大学第一医院收治肝硬化患者177例,慢性肝炎患者61例,选择同期70例健康体格检查者为对照组。比较GP73、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase,ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、血清白蛋白（albumin,ALB）、总胆红素（total bilirubin,TBIL）、凝血酶原时间（prothrombin time,PT）及门静脉主干直径在肝硬化患者、慢性肝炎患者及健康人群之间的差异;根据不同分类标准,比较肝硬化各亚组GP73水平的差异;分析各组GP73与ALT、AST、ALB、TBIL、PT及门静脉主干直径之间的相关性。结果 肝硬化组的GP73 水平较慢性肝炎组与对照组明显升高（P < 0.001)。失代偿期肝硬化组血清GP73水平明显高于代偿期肝硬化组（P < 0.001);Child-pugh B级与Child-pugh C级肝硬化组血清GP73水平明显高于Child-pugh A级肝硬化组（P < 0.05）。肝硬化组GP73水平均与血清AST、ALT、TBIl、PT及门静脉主干直径呈正相关;与ALB呈负相关。结论 血清GP73在肝硬化组表达升高,与肝功能损伤指标密切相关,血清GP73对肝硬化的早期诊断及预后的评估具有重要临床应用价值。     

Enhanced Seminal Plasma Ribonuclease Activities in Azoospermia,Severe Oligiozoospermia,and Asthenozoospermia

Acid and alkaline ribonuclease (RNAase) activities were measured in human seminal plasma. The samples were obtained from patients attending an Infertility Clinic and were separated into groups according to the concentration and motility of spermatozoa. Levels of acid and alkaline RNAase activities in seminal plasma were, respectively, 22 and 13 times the values found in blood plasma. The severe oligozoospermic and azoospermic groups showed significantly higher alkaline RNAase activities in the seminal plasma than the normozoospermic group. The group with sperm motility < 50% showed significantly higher acid and alkaline RNAase activities than the group with motility ? 50%. Enhanced RNAase activities may be involved in the process of bringing about a reduced formation and maturation and a reduced motility of spermatozoa.     

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SEMINAL PLASMA IN FERTILE AND INFERTILE MEN

This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the total antioxidant capacity among fertile and infertile men. Thirty infertile patients and 20 fertility-proven healthy donors with normal sperm analysis were included in the study. Total antioxidant capacity, zinc and fructose levels of seminal plasma, and various sperm parameters were compared among fertile controls and idiopathic infertility patients prospectively. The mean antioxidant capacity of fertile controls (2.02 &#45 0.16 mmol/L) was significantly higher than that of the infertile patients group (1.78 &#45 0.23 mmol/L) ( p <.01). Furthermore, asthenozoospermic and asthenoteratozoospermic groups had significantly lower mean antioxidant values (1.73 &#45 0.11 and 1.64 &#45 0.13, respectively) when compared to fertile control group ( p <.01). The mean fructose level was significantly lower in the fertile control group and mean zinc level was significantly lower in the entire infertile group. On the other hand, antioxidant capacity is positively correlated to sperm motility ( p =.001). Decreased antioxidant capacity was associated with impaired sperm function as a result of either increased ROS production or insufficient antioxidant capacity.