Relationship Between Hypoosmotic Swelling Test,Semen Analysis,and Zona-Free Hamster Ovum Test

The hypoosmotic swelling test is a simple test for measuring the functional competence of the human sperm membrane. Fifty-four patients with idiopathic infertility were assessed by hypoosmotic swelling test and the results were compared with those of routine semen analysis and zona-free hamster ovum human sperm penetration test (ZSPT). Semen samples with abnormal semen parameters had lower percentage of swollen sperm in comparison with those with normal semen parameters. A positive correlation was observed between sperm concentration and sperm swelling (r -. 50, p <. 05). A strong positive correlation was observed between the percentage of sperm motility and the percentage of swollen sperm (r - 0.60, p <. 01), and between motile sperm concentration and sperm swelling (r -. 62, p <. 01). On the other hand, sperm swelling correlated only weakly with the percentage of sperm penetration. The results indicate that the hypoosmotic swelling test appears to evaluate different functional qualities of sperm than ZSPT.     

精液白细胞与精子运动参数关系的研究

目的:探讨精液白细胞与精子运动参数关系。方法:234例不育患者,采用精子自动分析系统分析精子运动参数,采用联苯胺法分析精液白细胞。结果:白细胞精子症组精子运动参数VCL、VSL、VAP均显著低于非白细胞精子症组,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.001,P<0.001,P<0.001);白细胞精子症组MAD、BCF显著高于非细胞精子症,两组比较差异亦有显著性(P<0.001,P<0.001)。精液白细胞与VCL、VSL、VAP均呈显著负相关(r=-0.368,P<0.001;r=-0.362,P<0.001;r=-0.359,P<0.001),与MAD、BCF均呈显著正相关(r=0.134;P<0.05,r=0.210,P<0.001)。结论:精液白细胞可影响精子运动参数。     

Analysis of pre-ovulatory changes in cervical mucus hydration and sperm penetrability

Changes in cervical mucus occur during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle and are known to correlate with receptivity to sperm and to the endocrine milieu. Prior studies, however, have often lacked biological incisiveness and technical objectivity and precision. This study analyzed daily changes in mucus water content (hydration) prior to the LH surge (LH+0) in normal women, in relation to daily levels of serum LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone, and to daily tests of sperm penetration of the mucus. Cervical mucus was studied for 12 cycles in 10 ovulating women. Three to ten mucus specimens were collected per cycle, over the days LH-8 to LH+0. Each specimen was subjected to measurement of both water content (hydration) and penetration by spermatozoa from fresh specimens of normal human semen. For the latter, a new microscale assay was developed and applied, which was amenable to very small volumes of mucus. The new technique determines objective measures of both the numbers of penetrating sperm (motile and non-motile) and the distance penetrated by the forwardmost vanguard sperm. In these experiments, variations in semen quality were controlled by performing a companion penetration assay in an artificial 1.5% polyacrylamide gel.The patterns of change in mucus hydration varied quantitatively among women, with preovulatory baseline levels ranging from 93.8-96.5%. All normal cycles (as defined by endocrine profiles) displayed a significant increase in hydration over a one-day period occurring 3-4 days before the LH peak. The magnitude of this shift varied among women between 2 and 3% (absolute hydration), a distinction well within the precision of the hydration assay. This quantum increase in hydration was more pronounced than the corresponding increase in serum estradiol on the same day. The change in mucus hydration, and the associated increase in sperm penetrability, were more consistent among cycles than the changes in reproductive hormones.There was a strong but non-linear correlation between mucus hydration and sperm penetrability. Once the value of hydration rose above approximately 97.5%, there was a substantial increase in penetrability. This 'cut-off point' in sperm penetrability was in the middle of the range of hydration values (across women) which preceded the quantum jump in hydration - which, itself, preceded the surge of L.H. Hydration began to increase approximately 2 days before measurable increases in sperm penetration of the mucus in vitro.These results demonstrate that mucus hydration may be a valuable marker of the approach to ovulation and delineation of the fertile period. They also provide new methods for assessing sperm penetration into both large periovulatory and very small samples of collected mucus.     

Treatment with Norplant subdermal implants inhibits sperm penetration through cervical mucus in vitro

Attempts were made to collect several samples of cervical mucus in each of thirty-three cycles of women using NORPLANT subdermal implants, in seven cycles from NORPLANT-2 rod users, and in 33 control cycles. The attempts to collect a mucus sample were successful on 20 of 77 and 7 of 14 occasions in NORPLANT capsule and rod users, respectively, due to the scanty amount and stickiness found in the majority. All 59 attempts in control subjects were successful. The distance travelled by the fastest sperm and by the bulk of spermatozoa through the cervical mucus in vitro was assessed after 10 min of incubation with a normal semen sample. The best score for each cycle was considered for the comparison between treated and control cases. Sperm penetration was greatly impaired in mucus samples of implant users with penetration by the fastest sperm exceeding 10 mm in only two instances and exceeding 20 mm in none. In 30 of 33 control samples, the fastest sperm travelled 21 mm or more and in 28, the bulk of spermatozoa travelled further than 10 mm. Unsuccessful attempts to collect mucus and poor sperm migration were observed in NORPLANT implant users even when circulating estradiol levels were comparable to those seen in the late follicular phase of the normal menstrual cycle. These results suggest that the principal mechanism by which NORPLANT implants prevent pregnancy is by interference of sperm migration through cervical mucus.     

ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECT OF MELATONIN ON HUMAN SPERMATOZOA

The ability of melatonin to suppress experimentally induced lipid peroxidation (LPO) in sperm membrane was investigated in 41 samples of infertile men. Iron/ascorbate (0.04/0.2 mmol)-induced LPO was measured by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) using the thiobarbituric acid method. Sperm incubated in the presence of melatonin (2-6 mmol) exhibited a concentration-dependent decrease of MDA generated from hydroperoxide of the sperm plasma membrane in the presence of promoter system. Addition of 6 mmol of melatonin significantly reduced the rate of lipid peroxidation in sperm of unselected donors (mean +/- SE in control samples = 26.4 +/- 2.9 vs. 6.5 +/- 1.1 nmol MDA/10⁸ sperm in melatonin-treated samples; n = 16, p &lt;. 005). Inhibitory effect of melatonin was also significant in the presence of 0.015 mmol of ferrous ions (20.5 +/- 1.7 vs. 7.9 +/- 1.6 nmol MDA/10⁸ sperm in melatonintreated samples; n = 7, p &lt;. 02) and 0.005 mmol of ferrous ions (20.2 +/- 2.8 vs. 9.9 +/- 2.4 nmol MDA/ 10⁸ sperm; n = 6, p &lt;. 05). Comparing the effect of melatonin with that of Trolox, an analog of vitamin E, a similar effect at concentration of 0.1-0.2 mmol of Trolox was found (25.2 +/- 2.9 vs. 11.8 +/- 1.2 nmol MDA/10⁸ sperm in Trolox-treated samples; n = 7, p &lt;. 005). The obtained data of in vitro experiments show that melatonin is 40-fold less efficient than Trolox in achieving the 50% reduction in LPO (4 vs. 0.1 mmol). Since the physiological concentration of melatonin in human semen is at the nanomolar level, its antioxidative role in vivo is probably of minor importance.     

Effects of chelating agents on the rheological property of cervical mucus

As an ongoing effort to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the calcium-dependent fertility regulation process, the viscoelastic properties of the mucus obtained from lamb cervix and human semen, as well as their water and total protein contents after exposure to EDTA, a chelating agent, or Nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a spermicidal agent, were examined. The viscosity was measured using a Cone Plate Digital Viscometer, while the water and total protein contents were determined by the lyophilization process and the Lowry method, respectively. The significant changes in the rheological properties of mucus, such as its viscosity and the water content, upon exposure to EDTA were demonstrated. The viscosity of cervical mucus and human semen were significantly increased by EDTA treatment (as compared to the controls): lamb cervical mucus (2.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.2 ± 0.3 cps) and human semen (5.0 ± 0.3 vs. 4.3 ± 0.3 cps), respectively. The hydration rate was decreased by EDTA treatment as compared with the control (93.6 ± 0.7 vs. 96.8 ± 0.8%). Among tested samples, the reduction in the percentage of sperm penetration through the cervical mucus was the highest in the mucus containing EDTA, which had the lowest water content (93.6 ± 0.7%), indicating that there is a positive relationship between the hydration rate of the cervical mucus and its ability to permit the penetration of spermatozoa. This result indicates that spermicidal activity exerted by high concentrations of EDTA is in part due to its effect on the rheological properties of cervical mucus or semen.     

Effects of chelating agents on the rheological property of cervical mucus

As an ongoing effort to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the calcium-dependent fertility regulation process, the viscoelastic properties of the mucus obtained from lamb cervix and human semen, as well as their water and total protein contents after exposure to EDTA, a chelating agent, or Nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a spermicidal agent, were examined. The viscosity was measured using a Cone Plate Digital Viscometer, while the water and total protein contents were determined by the lyophilization process and the Lowry method, respectively. The significant changes in the rheological properties of mucus, such as its viscosity and the water content, upon exposure to EDTA were demonstrated. The viscosity of cervical mucus and human semen were significantly increased by EDTA treatment (as compared to the controls): lamb cervical mucus (2.9 ± 0.3 vs. 2.2 ± 0.3 cps) and human semen (5.0 ± 0.3 vs. 4.3 ± 0.3 cps), respectively. The hydration rate was decreased by EDTA treatment as compared with the control (93.6 ± 0.7 vs. 96.8 ± 0.8%). Among tested samples, the reduction in the percentage of sperm penetration through the cervical mucus was the highest in the mucus containing EDTA, which had the lowest water content (93.6 ± 0.7%), indicating that there is a positive relationship between the hydration rate of the cervical mucus and its ability to permit the penetration of spermatozoa. This result indicates that spermicidal activity exerted by high concentrations of EDTA is in part due to its effect on the rheological properties of cervical mucus or semen.     

Characterization of viability,mitochondrial activity,acrosomal integrity and capacitation status in boar sperm during in vitro storage at different ambient temperatures

Extended storage of unfrozen boar semen becomes an alternative because the use of frozen-thawed boar sperm results in low fertility. Sperm viability, mitochondrial activity, capacitation and acrosome integrity of freshly ejaculated boar semen stored in vitro for up to 48 h at 4 degrees C, 15 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 39 degrees C was characterized during the study. The viability of boar sperm was assessed by both Hoechst 33258 and SYBR-14/PI staining. Mitochondrial function was assessed by JC-1 staining. Capacitation status was determined by chlortetracycline (CTC)/Hoechst 33258 staining. The acrosome integrity was analysed with Coomassie blue staining. These data were derived from three ejaculates each from three crossbred boars. The viabilities assessed with SYBR-14/PI, Hoechst 33258 and JC-1 staining correlated highly (r > 0.980). In freshly ejaculated boar semen, 96 +/- 1% of the sperm did not take up the Hoechst 33258, whereas 95 +/- 2% were stained by SYBR-14 and 96 +/- 2% of the sperm had mitochondria exhibiting positive JC-1 staining. Staining with CTC/Hoechst 33258 suggested that a high percentage of sperm became capacitated after 24 h storage at 15 degrees C and 20 degrees C. There were 62 +/- 2% (15 degrees C) and 89 +/- 2% (20 degrees C) capacitated sperm by 48 h. Moreover, most of the capacitated sperm were acrosome intact. These results suggest that SYBR-14/PI, Hoechst 33258 or JC-1 staining can be used to effectively evaluate the quality of boar sperm during in vitro storage.     

精子DNA完整性与精液常规参数相关性分析

目的探讨精子DNA完整性与精液参数间的相关性,探讨精子DNA完整性检测在评估男性生育力中的应用价值。方法对206例男性不育患者行精液常规分析,并采用精子染色质扩散法(sperm chromatin dispersion,SCD)检测精子DNA完整性情况,计算精子DNA碎片指数(DNA fragmentation index,DFI),对DFI与各项精液常规参数(浓度、活力和形态等)的相关性进行分析。结果将DFI值按DFI≤10%、10%DFI≤30%和DFI30%分为3组,发现3组间禁欲时间、前向运动精子、不动精子、头/颈部缺陷精子和存活率等差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。双变量相关分析表明精子DFI与不动精子、头/颈部缺陷精子、精子畸形指数(sperm deformity index,SDI)和畸形精子指数(teratozoospermia index,TZI)存在正相关,而与前向运动精子、正常形态精子、精子浓度和存活率存在负相关。结论精子DNA损伤可能会影响精子形态学异常和活力下降,在分析精液常规的同时,检测精子DNA完整性并将二者结合能够更好的评估患者的生育力。     

The influence of different copper wires on human sperm penetration into bovine cervical mucus, in vitro

The influence of four different copper-containing intrauterine devices (IUD) (Nova-T, Multiload, Fincoid 250 and copper-T 250) on the penetration of human sperm into bovine cervical mucus were assessed. Pooled samples of predetermined sperm concentration were suspended in Earl's medium in which a copper IUD was previously incubated for periods between one hour to fourteen days. The mean copper concentration was determined for each of the medium containing IUD and was found to be between 284 +/- 93 micrograms/100 ml to 392 +/- 138 micrograms/100ml. While there was no adverse effect on sperm motility by the copper-containing medium, there was a significant reduction in the number of sperm penetrated into the bovine cervical mucus as compared to the penetration of sperm suspended in pure Earl's medium. It therefore seems that the influence of copper on sperm penetration might be by an effect on the environment or spermatozoal migration rather than by direct effect of copper on sperm motility.     

Sperm Chromatin Heterogeneity as an Infertility Factor

Semen samples from husbands with a history of unexplained infertility (n = 33), of women with habitual abortion (n = 36), or normal fertile donors (n = 20) were subjected to conventional semen analysis (SA), Acridine orange test (AOT), and zona-free hamster egg penetration test (HEPT). The three tests operate independently. The most discriminatory test was AOT (p = 0.0001) followed by HEPT (p = 0.019). The frequency of sperm chromatin heterogeneity as detected by AOT red fluorescence was highest in habitual abortion (39.4%), followed by unexplained infertility (16.4%), and, last, donors (9.4%). However the percentage of penetration was highest in habitual abortion (50.7%), followed by donors (43.1%), and least in unexplained infertility (33.9%). Conventional semen parameters (sperm density, motility, abnormality, and vitality) were the least to discriminate between the three groups. The presence of abnormal sperm chromatin may lead to infertility as a result of early pregnancy loss.     

Improvement in human semen quality after oral supplementation of vitamin C

This study was carried out to monitor the effect of oral supplementation of vitamin C on various semen parameters in oligospermic, infertile, otherwise healthy individuals. Various semen parameters, including sperm motility, sperm count, and sperm morphology, were studied before and after the vitamin C treatment. A total of 13 infertile patients were included. Their ages ranged between 25 and 35 years. They had no genital infection or varicocele. Physical examination and other routine laboratory investigations were normal. General semen analysis revealed oligozoospermia (mean sperm count was 14.3 +/- 7.38 x 10(6) sperms/mL, mean sperm with normal morphology was 43 +/- 7.87%, and mean sperm motility was 31.2 +/- 9.61%). Testicular biopsy was not done. These patients received in an open trial of 1,000 mg of vitamin C twice daily for a maximum of 2 months. Results showed that the mean sperm count was increased to 32.8 +/- 10.3 x 10(6) sperms/mL (P < .001) after 2 months of vitamin C intake. The mean sperm motility was increased significantly to 60.1 +/- 8.47% (P < .001), and mean sperms with normal morphology increased significantly to 66.7 +/- 4.77% (P < .001). This study showed that vitamin C supplementation in infertile men might improve sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology and might have a place as an additional supplement to improve the semen quality towards conception.     

A study of the effect of perchloroethylene exposure on semen quality in dry cleaning workers.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of perchloroethylene (PCE) exposure on human semen quality. We compared the semen quality of 34 dry cleaners with that of 48 laundry workers. We examined the relationships of 17 semen parameters to expired air levels of PCE and to an index of exposure based on job tasks in the last three months. The average sperm concentration was over 80 million for both dry cleaners and laundry workers, but approximately one-quarter of each group was oligospermic. The overall percentage of abnormal forms was similar for the two groups; however, sperm of dry cleaners were significantly more likely to be round (t = -3.29, p = 0.002) and less likely to be narrow (t = 2.35, p = 0.02) than the sperm of laundry workers. These effects were dose-related to expired air levels and to the exposure index after controlling for potential confounders (e.g., heat exposure). The average percent motile sperm for both groups was slightly over 60%; however, sperm of dry cleaners tended to swim with greater amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) than those of laundry workers (t = -1.73, p = 0.09), and level of PCE in expired air was a significant predictor of ALH in the multiple regression model (t = 2.00, p = 0.05). In addition, exposure index was a significant negative predictor of the sperm linearity parameter (t = -2.57, p = 0.01). These results suggest that occupational exposures to PCE can have subtle effects on sperm quality. Additional analyses are required to determine whether these effects are associated with changes in fertility.     

EFFECTS OF CRYOPRESERVATION ON PENETRATION ABILITY OF HUMAN SPERMATOZOA INTO BOVINE CERVICAL MUCUS

Cryopreserved sperm exhibit lower fertilizing capacity in comparison to fresh sperm, partly due to effects of glycerol as the common cryoprotectant medium. Since standard semen analysis is not a good predictive method to assess sperm fertilizing capacity, functional tests like cervical mucus penetration may provide more useful information. A total of 24 semen samples were examined before and after cryopreservation for sperm parameters as well as number and motility of penetrated sperm into bovine cervical mucus (BCM) as an alternative for human cervical mucus. Freezing and thawing procedures have negative effects on sperm penetration into cervical mucus. No significant relation was noticed between sperm motility percentage or its penetration into BCM before and after cryopreservation, which denotes the variability in resistance of sperm to damaging effects of freezing.     

IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CELL PHONE USE AND SEMEN QUALITY?

This study was conducted to determine a possible relationship between regular cell phone use and different human semen attributes. The history-taking of men in our university clinic was supplemented with questions concerning cell phone use habits, including possession, daily standby position and daily transmission times. Semen analyses were performed by conventional methods. Statistics were calculated with SPSS statistical software. A total of 371 were included in the study. The duration of possession and the daily transmission time correlated negatively with the proportion of rapid progressive motile sperm (r = ? 0.12 and r = ? 0.19, respectively), and positively with the proportion of slow progressive motile sperm (r = 0.12 and r = 0.28, respectively). The low and high transmitter groups also differed in the proportion of rapid progressive motile sperm (48.7% vs. 40.6%). The prolonged use of cell phones may have negative effects on the sperm motility characteristics.     

Testis-specific protein y-encoded copy number is correlated to its expression and the field fertility of canadian holstein bulls

Testis-specific protein Y-encoded (TSPY) is present in varying copy number in both human (20-76 copies) and cattle (37-200 copies), and some studies have linked this variation to semen quality in men. The purpose of this study was to determine if TSPY copy number is associated with fertility in bulls by using adjusted non-return rates, a commonly used measure of field fertility in Canada. In addition, we investigated the associations between TSPY copy number and its expression as well as specific semen parameters, such as average sperm concentration, sperm count, ejaculate volume, and motility. In 2 independent trials, TSPY copy number was shown to be positively correlated to adjusted non-return rates (trial #1: Spearman r = 0.34, p < 0.05; trial #2: Spearman r = 0.77, p < 0.01). Furthermore, TSPY copy number was inversely correlated to TSPY mRNA expression in the testis (Pearson r = -0.71, p < 0.0001). There were no correlations of TSPY copy number or expression with the semen parameters measured. Therefore, TSPY copy number might represent a potential marker of bull fertility, but its mechanism does not appear to be directly related to the semen characteristics analyzed as part of this study.     

Activity of antioxidative enzymes in fresh and frozen thawed buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) spermatozoa in relation to lipid peroxidation and semen quality

ObjectiveTo investigate the activity of antioxidative enzymes in fresh and frozen thawed spermatozoa in relation to lipid peroxidation and semen quality in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls.MethodsForty two semen ejaculates from seven buffalo bulls were collected by artificial vagina method and were used for the study. Sperm motility, livability, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity, buffalo cervical mucous penetration test were assessed in fresh and frozen thawed semen. Intracellular antioxidative enzymatic activity such as super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were estimated in fresh and frozen thawed semen.ResultsA significant (P<0.01) reduction in activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD by 47.7%, GSHPx by 62.7% and GSH by 58.6%) in frozen thawed spermatozoa as compared to fresh spermatozoa was found. Although the catalase activity was varied from 0 to 3.8 IU/10⁹ sperm in fresh semen, but after freezing and thawing this activity was not detectable. These enzyme activities had a strong positive association with sperm motility, membrane integrity and distance traveled by vanguard spermatozoa in buffalo cervical mucus and negative correlation with LPO and ROS. However, no significant correlation with acrosomal integrity was found.ConclusionIt was concluded that loss of activity of intracellular antioxidative enzymes was evident after freezing and thawing and there was a strong association between the antioxidative enzyme activities, ROS, lipid peroxidation and sperm function in buffalo semen.     

Synergistic effect of gramicidin and EDTA in inhibiting sperm motility and cervical mucus penetration in vitro

Gramicidin, a linear polypeptide with antiviral and antimicrobial properties, was compared in vitro with a commonly used spermicidal detergent—nonoxynol-9 (N9). The inhibition of sperm functions was evaluated by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) for sperm motility, in cervical mucus penetration assay, and by colorimetric tetrazolium salt and lactate dehydrogenase release assays routinely employed for testing the toxicity of drugs. The effective 100% inhibitory concentration (IC₁₀₀) of gramicidin in a 2-min sperm immobilization assay by CASA was equal to 4 μg/ml, whereas IC₁₀₀ of N9 was equal to 200 μg/ml. The presence of 0.1% of chelating agent, EDTA, reduced IC₁₀₀ of gramicidin to 10 ng/ml, while less than a twofold enhancement in N9 activity was observed upon combination with EDTA. Likewise, the gramicidin/EDTA combination was 100,000 times more potent than N9/EDTA in the sperm penetration assay. Quantitative toxicity tests confirmed that gramicidin is a potent spermostatic rather than spermicidal agent. Further development of a gramicidin/EDTA formulation is warranted as a nontoxic topical contraceptive with activity against viral and microbial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).     

职业紧张与心血管疾病危险因素的关系

目的探讨职业紧张因素、个性特征和心理性紧张反应与心血管疾病危险因素的关系.方法采用横断面研究方法对93名铁路货运调度员进行研究,使用问卷法测试职业紧张因素、个性特征和紧张反应评分,分析血清中胆固醇、甘油三酯和糖化血红蛋白浓度,测定血压和心率.结果相关分析结果表明,社会支持评分与收缩压(r=0.22)和舒张压(r=0.30)呈正相关(P＜0.05),工作满意感评分与收缩压(r=-0.37)、舒张压(r=-0.47)与血清甘油三酯浓度(r=-0.28)呈负相关(P＜0.05),自尊感评分与收缩压呈负相关(r=-0.21,P＜0.05).方差分析显示,不同社会支持因素评分组间舒张压[(78.5±13.1)、(83.6±8.2)、(88.1±12.3)、(85.8±9.8)mmHg]差异有显著性(P＜0.05),工作难度评分组间身体肥胖指数差异有显著性(P＜0.01),工作负荷评分组间收缩压[(110.1±20.5)、(112.4±12.9)、(129.1±19.7)、(125.2±15.1)mmHg]差异有显著性(P＜0.05),各紧张易感性评分组间血清中胆固醇浓度[(4.96±1.18)、(5.39±0.85)、(5.00±1.15)、(4.374±0.91)mmol/L]、收缩压[(124.9±14.4)、(129.7±13.1)、(118.4±16.4)、(133.5±23.1)mm Hg]和舒张压[(85.5±11.3)、(87.0±9.8)、(80.1±10.1)、(88.9±12.0)mmHg]差异有显著性(P＜0.05),竞争性评分组间收缩压和血清中糖化血红蛋白浓度差异有显著性(P＜0.05).逐步回归分析结果表明,工作时间需求和消极应付策略对胆固醇有较大影响(R2＞0.05),工作关系、工作难度、决定自由度、自尊感、焦虑特质和消极应付策略对吸烟预测方程的贡献较大(R2＞0.05),A型行为的竞争性因子是心率的预测因子(R2=0.06).结论工作中的社会心理紧张因素可能与某些心血管危险因素有关.     

精浆一氧化氮与精液主要参数之间关系探讨

目的:探讨精浆一氧化氮与精液主要参数之间关系。方法:应用精子质量自动分析系统(CASA)检测精液主要参数,采用分光光度比色法检测精浆一氧化氮含量。结果:精浆一氧化氮含量与精液白细胞浓度呈低度正相关关系(r=0·294,P≤0·05),与精液量呈低度负相关关系(r=-0·33,P≤0·05);与a,b级精子百分率、精子密度、形态正常精子百分率均无显著相关性(P>0·05);精液参数正常组与异常组精浆一氧化氮含量比较差异无显著性(P>0·05);精液白细胞浓度、a,b级精子百分率、精液量、精子密度、形态正常精子百分率正常组与其对应的异常组比较,精浆NO含量差异亦均无显著性(P>0·05)。结论:精浆一氧化氮与精液主要参数无明显密切关系。