Dietary Canola Oil Suppressed Growth of Implanted MDA-MB 231 Human Breast Tumors in Nude Mice

Long chain omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to suppress growth of most cancer cells. In vivo, alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) can be converted to EPA or DHA. We hypothesized that substituting canola oil (10% ALA) for the corn oil (1% ALA) in the diet of cancer bearing mice would slow tumor growth by increasing n-3 fatty acids in the diet. Sixty nude mice received MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells and were fed a diet containing 8% w/w corn oil until the mean tumor volume was 60 mm ³ . The dietary fat of half of the tumor bearing mice was then changed to 8% w/w canola oil. Compared to mice that consumed the corn oil containing diet, the mice that consumed the canola oil containing diet had significantly more EPA and DHA in both tumors and livers, and the mean tumor growth rate and cell proliferation in the tumor were significantly slower (P < 0.05). About 25 days after diet change, mice that consumed the corn oil diet stopped gaining weight, whereas the mice that consumed the canola oil diet continued normal weight gain. Use of canola oil instead of corn oil in the diet may be a reasonable means to increase consumption of n-3 fatty acids with potential significance for slowing growth of residual cancer cells in cancer survivors.     

裸鼠乳腺癌的超声研究

目的研究裸鼠乳腺癌的超声表现特点,为人乳腺癌的超声诊断提供有效依据。方法采用MCF-7细胞株建立裸鼠乳腺癌瘤模型,待原位移植后第23天用超声观察其图像的特点,并与人乳腺癌的特点进行对比分析。结果裸鼠乳腺癌平均大小7.4mm×5.6mm;椭圆形,内部低回声,分布均匀,境界清晰和尚清晰;并与人乳腺癌之特点有许多不同。结论裸鼠乳腺癌的生长仅23天,而人乳腺癌的生长数月至数年,两者图像之特点有许多不同。对<10mm或很早的原位癌超声缺乏特征性指标而易误诊为良性肿瘤。     

Suppression of implanted MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer growth in nude mice by dietary walnut

Walnuts contain components that may slow cancer growth including omega 3 fatty acids, phytosterols, polyphenols, carotenoids, and melatonin. A pilot study was performed to determine whether consumption of walnuts could affect growth of MDA-MB 231 human breast cancers implanted into nude mice. Tumor cells were injected into nude mice that were consuming an AIN-76A diet slightly modified to contain 10% corn oil. After the tumors reached 3 to 5 mm diameter, the diet of one group of mice was changed to include ground walnuts, equivalent to 56 g (2 oz) per day in humans. The tumor growth rate from Day 10, when tumor sizes began to diverge, until the end of the study of the group that consumed walnuts (2.9 +/- 1.1 mm(3)/day; mean +/- standard error of the mean) was significantly less (P > 0.05, t-test of the growth rates) than that of the group that did not consume walnuts (14.6 +/- 1.3 mm(3)/day). The eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid fractions of the livers of the group that consumed walnuts were significantly higher than that of the group that did not consume walnuts. Tumor cell proliferation was decreased, but apoptosis was not altered due to walnut consumption. Further work is merited to investigate applications to cancer in humans.     

Dietary canola oil suppressed growth of implanted MDA-MB 231 human breast tumors in nude mice

Long chain omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been shown to suppress growth of most cancer cells. In vivo, alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) can be converted to EPA or DHA. We hypothesized that substituting canola oil (10% ALA) for the corn oil (1% ALA) in the diet of cancer bearing mice would slow tumor growth by increasing n-3 fatty acids in the diet. Sixty nude mice received MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells and were fed a diet containing 8% w/w corn oil until the mean tumor volume was 60 mm3. The dietary fat of half of the tumor bearing mice was then changed to 8% w/w canola oil. Compared to mice that consumed the corn oil containing diet, the mice that consumed the canola oil containing diet had significantly more EPA and DHA in both tumors and livers, and the mean tumor growth rate and cell proliferation in the tumor were significantly slower (P<0.05). About 25 days after diet change, mice that consumed the corn oil diet stopped gaining weight, whereas the mice that consumed the canola oil diet continued normal weight gain. Use of canola oil instead of corn oil in the diet may be a reasonable means to increase consumption of n-3 fatty acids with potential significance for slowing growth of residual cancer cells in cancer survivors.     

Lignans are Accessible to Human Breast Cancer Xenografts in Athymic Mice

Lignan-rich diet has been linked with reduced breast cancer risk, and experimental studies have supported the hypothesis of lignans as cancer growth inhibiting compounds. However, it has not been clear if these compounds are accessible in the mammary tumor tissue in vivo. In this study, the accessibility and accumulation of lignans to breast cancer tissue was determined after oral administration of tritium labeled dietary lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside ( ³ H-SDG) to athymic mice bearing MCF-7 tumors. The ³ H-SDG administration increased tumor tissue radioactivity to the level similar to that in brain, skin, spleen, kidney, uterus, and lungs. The tumor tissue radioactivity was up to 92% of that found in serum, with the highest concentrations found in small (< 0.5 g) tumors. Accessibility of lignans to tumor tissue suggests that part of the anticancer activity of lignans may be due to their direct local effects on the breast cancer tissues.     

芳香化酶抑制剂对人子宫内膜癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用

目的探讨芳香化酶抑制剂对人子宫内膜癌裸鼠移植瘤的抑制作用。方法 ER+/PR+人子宫内膜癌细胞株RL-952种植于BALB/c雌性裸鼠,成人子宫内膜癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,根据干预药物的不同随机分为四组,阿那曲唑组、甲地孕酮组、阿那曲唑+甲地孕酮组、空白对照组,观察移植瘤生长体积及Survivin的表达。结果阿那曲唑组、阿那曲唑+甲地孕酮组给药后瘤体增长相对缓慢;Survivin表达增强,但在各组中的表达差异无统计学意义。结论芳香化酶抑制剂能抑制子宫内膜癌移植瘤的生长,其生长抑制作用较甲地孕酮强;但两者联用时,其生长抑制作用无明显增强。因各组瘤体间无临床分期差异,检测Survivin的表达未出现差异。     

酞胺哌啶酮对裸鼠人肝癌血管生成和肿瘤生长、转移的作用

目的　通过建立肝原位移植性高转移潜能人肝癌裸鼠模型 ,观察酞胺哌啶酮对肝细胞癌 (HCC)血管生成和肿瘤生长、转移的干预作用。方法　 2 4只人肝癌裸鼠模型随机分成两组 ,实验组和对照组 ,每组 12只。自模型建立次日始两组分别给予2 0 0mg·kg-1·d-1剂量酞胺哌啶酮 (混悬于 0 5 %CMC溶液 )和等体积 0 5 %CMC腹腔注射 ,给药第 3 0d处死裸小鼠 ,观察肿瘤生长、转移情况 ,分别用免疫组化和RT -PCR的方法检测癌组织CD和VEGFmRNA的表达水平 ,记录微血管密度 (MVD)。结果　实验组MVD和VEGFmRNA低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;肿瘤体积、重量及肝肺转移率组间无统计学差异 ,但肝肺转移灶数目实验组低于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　酞胺哌啶酮对HCC生长无明显抑制作用 ,但明显能抑制肿瘤血管生成和HCC的肝内转移和肺转移。     

刺儿菜提取物对诱导人肝癌细胞株的裸鼠移植瘤抑制作用的研究

<正>刺儿菜Cephalanoplos(Bunge)Kitam,是经常采食的一种野生蔬菜。我们的测定结果表明:每百克刺儿菜含Ca378mg,是大白菜的近6倍;含硒高达40.64μg,是一般蔬菜的许多倍;含VE2.34mg,而大白菜仅含0.92mg。含VK1极高,达7.88mg,是菠菜的5倍,西红柿的16.5倍,土豆的82.5倍。美国匹兹堡大学癌症研究所肝癌中心的科学家发现维生素K在组织培养液里,     

Dietary Patterns and Breast Cancer Risk in Korean Women

We evaluated the association between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk according to menopausal and hormone receptor status among Korean women. In a study with 357 cases and 357 age-matched controls, dietary patterns (vegetable-seafood and meat-starch) were derived via principle component analysis based on 39 food groups from a food frequency questionnaire. The relation between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk was assessed by using multivariate logistic regression. The vegetable-seafood pattern was inversely associated with breast cancer risk [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for high vs. low intake = 0.14 (0.08–0.25); P for trend < 0.001]. No association between the meat-starch pattern and breast cancer risk was found. The association between dietary patterns and breast cancer risk was not modified by menopausal and combined hormone receptor status. These findings indicate that a diet rich in vegetables and seafood is associated with a decreased breast cancer risk in Korean women.     

Lycium Barbarum Inhibits Growth of Estrogen Receptor Positive Human Breast Cancer Cells by Favorably Altering Estradiol Metabolism

Selective estrogen receptor modulators represent accepted therapy for estrogen receptor positive (ER ⁺ ) breast cancer, exhibit adverse side effects, and reduce patient compliance. The use of phytoestrogen containing herbal medicines is limited because of efficacy and safety concerns. The ER ⁺ MCF-7 model examined growth inhibitory effects of the medicinal herb Lycium barbarum (LB) and identified mechanistic leads for its efficacy. The MCF-7 cells maintained in 0.7% serum (17β-estradiol, E ₂ < 1 nM) exhibited 11%–87% increased growth after treatment with 1nM to 20 nM E ₂ . Growth promotion with 20 nM E ₂ exhibited 5.2-fold increased estrone (E ₁ ), 35.7% increased 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE ₁ ), 15.4% increased 16α -hydroxyestrone (16α -OHE ₁ ), and eightfold increased estriol (E ₃ ) formation. Treatment of E ₂ stimulated cells with LB exhibited a dose-dependent growth inhibition of 9.5%–42.8% at Day 3 and 33.9%–83.9% at Day 7. The 3-day inhibitory response to 1% LB (maximum cytostatic concentration) exhibited 84.8% increased E ₁ , 3.6-fold increased 2-OHE ₁ , 33.3% decreased 16α -OHE ₁ , and 9.2-fold increased E ₃ formation. Thus, MCF-7 cells retain their mitogenic and metabolic response to E ₂ and LB downregulates E ₂ -stimulated growth via the formation of antiproliferative 2-OHE ₁ and accelerated conversion of mitogenic 16α -OHE ₁ to antimitogenic E ₃ .     

人恶性黑色素瘤多发转移裸鼠动物模型的建立

目的探讨建立人恶性黑色素瘤多发转移裸鼠动物模型的方法,为进一步研究恶性黑色素瘤的发病机制提供动物模型。方法将MV3人黑色素瘤细胞注射于裸鼠背部皮下,待裸鼠背部皮下出现肿瘤后,通过病理学检查及免疫组化技术对动物模型进行鉴定。结果裸鼠皮下接种人黑色素瘤细胞28d后背部皮下相继出现肿瘤,肿瘤组织免疫组化结果显示S-100及HMB45阳性,肿瘤组织HE染色及肺、脾、肝、脑、肾各组织免疫组化结果显示各组织均出现不同程度转移灶,表明成功建立人黑色素瘤多发转移裸鼠模型。结论该研究选择来源于人的恶性黑色素瘤细胞MV3接种于裸鼠背部皮下,28d后成功建立了人黑色素瘤多发转移裸鼠动物模型,该模型为进一步研究黑色素瘤的生物学特性及新药开发提供了实验依据。     

运用膳食平衡指数评价徐州地区乳腺癌患者的膳食质量

<正>乳腺癌居女性癌症发病之首,是全球范围内严重威胁女性生命与健康的恶性肿瘤之一[1],在徐州地区,2012年女性乳腺癌发病率为28.65/10万,位居女性恶性肿瘤发病首位[2]。膳食结构以及饮食习惯是乳腺癌发病的重要影响因素之一。膳食平衡指数(diet balance index, DBI)是何宇纳[3-4]等以中国居民膳食指南及平衡膳食宝塔为依据,建立的以食物组为指标的用以评价中国人膳食结构和质量的方法。DBI指标分值采用双     

乳母乳汁生长因子变化

目的通过对55例农村乳母乳汁中表皮生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子I和转化生长因子β1等生长因子的测定，探讨其在婴幼儿期乳母乳汁中的含量及分布情况。方法随机整群选取陕西省澄城县5个村55名身体健康的农村乳母。测定其乳汁中生长因子表皮生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子I和转化生长因子β1的浓度。结果1-17个月乳母乳汁中表皮生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子I和转化生长因子β1的浓度变化不大（P〉0．05）。结论母乳中表皮生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子I和转化生长因子β1可促进婴幼儿生长发育，建议在合理添加辅助食品的情况下适当延长母乳喂养至1岁半。     

亚砷酸对人鼻咽癌裸鼠移植瘤的生长及survivin、PTEN表达的影响

目的研究亚砷酸(As2O3)对人鼻咽癌CNE-2裸鼠移植瘤与survivin、PTEN的作用,探讨该药物的抗肿瘤机制。方法建立人鼻咽癌裸鼠移植瘤模型,随机分为Na Cl组、As2O3组和DDP组,观察裸鼠移植瘤生长情况;采用免疫组织化学方法检测survivin、PTEN的表达。结果 As2O3组和DDP组瘤体积和瘤重均明显低于Na Cl组,survivin蛋白的表达均低于Na Cl组,PTEN蛋白的表达均高于Na Cl组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论亚砷酸可抑制人鼻咽癌CNE-2裸鼠移植瘤的生长,此作用可能与下调survivin、上调PTEN的表达相关。     

Association between Dietary Intake of Flavonoids and Cancer Recurrence among Breast Cancer Survivors

Intake of flavonoids is associated with the incidence of breast cancer, but the association between the intake of flavonoids and cancer recurrence is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that intake of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods is negatively associated with cancer recurrence. Among 572 women who underwent breast cancer surgery, 66 patients had a cancer recurrence. Dietary data were collected using a structured 24-h dietary recall, and intake of flavonoids was calculated based on the Korea Rural Development Administration flavonoid database. Among overweight and obese patients, disease-free survival was associated with intake of flavonoids (p = 0.004) and flavonoid-rich foods (p = 0.003). Intake of flavonoids (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.249, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09–0.64) and flavonoid-rich foods (HR = 0.244, 95% CI: 0.09–0.66) was negatively associated with cancer recurrence after adjusting for confounding factors in overweight and obese patients. Consumption of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods was lower in overweight and obese patients with cancer recurrence than those without recurrence and in normal-weight patients. This study suggests that intake of flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods could have beneficial effects on cancer recurrence in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors.     

Synergistic Effect of Squalene and Hydroxytyrosol on Highly Invasive MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

Several studies relate Mediterranean diet and virgin olive oil (VOO) intake with lower risk of several chronic diseases, including breast cancer. Many of them described antitumor properties of isolated minor compounds present in VOO, but beneficial properties of VOO arise from the effects of all its compounds acting together. The aim of the present study was to test the antitumor effects of two minor compounds from VOO (hydroxytyrosol (HT) and squalene (SQ)) on highly metastatic human breast tumor cells (MDA-MB-231) when acting in combination. Both isolated compounds were previously analyzed without showing any antitumoral effect on highly invasive MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, but the present results show that HT at 100 µM, combined with different concentrations of SQ, could exert antitumor effects. When they are combined, HT and SQ are able to inhibit cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis and DNA damage in metastatic breast cancer cells. Therefore, our results suggest that the health-promoting properties of VOO may be due, at least in part, to the combined action of these two minor compounds.     

人Rb94基因联合γ-辐射抑制乳腺癌细胞生长的研究

目的 构建含有人类视网膜母细胞瘤94基因(Rb94基因)的腺病毒表达载体,研究其联合γ-辐射抑制人恶性肿瘤细胞生长的作用.方法 从人类胚胎中提取总RNA,经逆转录得到目的cDNA,用PCR技术扩增目的基因片段,将其连接入载体pENTRTM1A,然后经LR重组再转入到表达载体 pAd/CMV/V5-DESTTM中,对重组体进行鉴定.然后联合γ-辐射作用于乳腺癌细胞,观察细胞生长曲线的变化.结果 成功构建了含Rb94基因的腺病毒表达重组体并通过鉴定,联合γ-辐射作用于乳腺癌细胞后有更强的抑制效应.结论 本实验构建的人Rb94基因重组腺病毒表达质粒是成功的,与γ-辐射联合共同作用于肿瘤细胞有更强的抑制肿瘤细胞生长的作用.     

IL—2激活的正常人PBL裸鼠体内抗肿瘤作用的研究

给裸鼠尾静脉注射Anip973人肺腺癌细胞造成人工肺转移癌模型。应用IL-2激活的PBL细胞进行体外扩增,诱导出具有杀伤活性的淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞(LAK细胞),对裸鼠体内抗肿瘤作用进行研究。结果表明注入新鲜淋巴细胞组和单纯注入IL-2组均不能明显抑制肿癌的肺转移,单纯注入LAK细胞组可抑制肿瘤的肺转移,LAK细胞与IL-2同时注射时抑制肺癌转移率比LAK细胞组明显提高。病理检查证实了经LAK细胞和IL-2同时治疗的裸鼠,肺转移癌结节明显减少。LAK细胞与rIL-2伍用亦可显著延长荷瘤裸鼠的生存期。     

Stearate Preferentially Induces Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Stearic acid (stearate) is an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid that has been shown to inhibit invasion and proliferation and induce apoptosis in various human cell types. The specificity of stearate-induced apoptosis for cancerous versus noncancerous breast cells has not been examined, and the mechanism underlying stearate-induced apoptosis is unknown. Morphological analysis, cell viability, and caspase-3 activity assays demonstrated that stearate activated apoptosis preferentially in cancerous breast cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of de novo diacylgycerol synthesis or protein kinase C (PKC) blocked stearate-induced caspase-3 activity, indicating the involvement of a novel or classical PKC isozyme. To our knowledge this is the first study showing that stearate induces apoptosis preferentially in breast cancer cells and implicates protein kinase C in the signaling cascade. These results raise the possibility of dietary stearate having a beneficial role in the prevention or treatment of breast cancer.