大剂量萘哌地尔在家犬体内的药物动力学

目的 :建立HPLC测定家犬血浆中萘哌地尔浓度的方法 ,研究大剂量萘哌地尔胶囊在家犬体内的药物动力学。方法 :健康家犬 5只 ,单剂量给予萘哌地尔胶囊 2 0 0mg后 ,在不同时间点从后肢静脉取血 ,血浆样品碱化后经乙醚提取 ,以乙腈 :磷酸盐缓冲液 (pH 6 .5 ) (6 0 :40 )为流动相 ,由ODSC18分析柱分离测定 ,紫外 2 30nm为检测波长 ,维拉帕米为内标。血药浓度数据用 3p97药物动力学程度处理。结果 :线性范围为 10～ 12 0 0ng·ml-1;方法回收率为98 83%～ 10 1 5 0 % ;日间RSD≤ 5 5 6 % ,日内RSD≤ 3 30 %。单剂量给予家犬萘哌地尔胶囊 2 0 0mg后 ,血药浓度随时间变化规律符合一室开放模型 ,T1/2Ke为 1 91～ 4 99h ,Tmax为 1 87～ 3 2 1h ,Cmax为 338 79～ 414 0 4ng·ml-1。结论 :本方法简便、回收率高、重现性好 ,用于大剂量萘哌地尔在动物体内的药物动力学研究 ,切实可行。     

人血浆中普罗帕酮对映体浓度的立体选择性高效液相色谱测定法

目的 :建立血浆中普罗帕酮对映体浓度的立体选择性高效液相色谱测定法。　 方法 :血浆标本经碱化以正己烷 /异戊醇 ( 99∶ 1)提取、吹干后与 GITC柱前衍生化 ,形成非对映体。以乙腈∶水∶冰醋酸 ( 60∶ 4 0∶ 0 .0 1)为流动相 ,经 C18ODS柱分离后在紫外 2 0 8nm处检测。　 结果 :对映体曲线范围 2 5～ 80 0μg/ L ;最低检出限 <2 0μg/ L ;批内、批间平均 RSD均 <6% ;平均回收率 :10 2 .16% ;临床大多数常用药物对本法无干扰。　 结论 :本法为普罗帕酮临床药动 -药效学研究提供了一种简便、可行的检测方法     

反相高效液相色谱法测定全血环孢霉素A的含量

目的　探讨反相高效液相色谱法 (RP -HPLC)测定全血中环孢霉素A(CyA)的含量。方法　以液 -液提取法萃取、C8(4.6mm× 15 0mm)色谱柱 乙腈 甲醇 水 =6 4 10 2 6作流动相 ,在 6 5℃、2 14nm波长下、CyD为内标分离 ,检测全血中CyA的含量。 结果　在 4 5～ 10 0 3ng·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 ,回归方程及相关系数分别为 :cCyA=0 .5 75ACyA/ACyD+0 .0 12 6 ,r=0 .9998。结果的相对标准偏差 (RSD)均在 10 %以内 ,平均回收率为 99.9% ,最低检测浓度为 2 0ng·ml-1。结论　本方法简便、快速、准确 ,线性范围宽 ,可用于临床和科研工作中CyA浓度的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中汉防己甲素

本文建立了人血浆中汉防己甲素的高效液相色谱测定法。采用C18柱 ,以含 0 0 3%三乙胺的甲醇∶水 (80∶2 0 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 82nm ,安定为内标 ,样品用乙醚提取。汉防己甲素线性范围 0 2 89～ 4.6 18μg·ml-1,平均加样回收率 95 8% ,日内及日间变异少于 5 %。方法简便、快速、可靠 ,可用于汉防己甲素的生物样本分析。     

柱切换-反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中沙丁胺醇浓度

目的　采用柱切换对反相高效液相色谱法测定血浆中沙丁胺醇浓度的方法进行改进。方法　采用Ultrasphere CN色谱柱 ( 2 5 0× 4.6m m,5μm )和 Krom asil C1 8( 2 0× 4m m,5μm )预处理柱 ,分析和预处理柱均以p H 2 .8、0 .0 2 5 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液∶乙腈∶甲醇 ( 95∶ 4∶ 1)为流动相 ,吗啡作内标。血浆样品加入含二苯基硼酸 - 2 -氨基乙脂的缓冲液 ( p H 9.0 )后 ,用含四辛基溴化铵的氯仿萃取 ,再用 0 .0 8m ol/L醋酸 3 0 0μl反萃 ,取酸液10 0μl进样 ,预处理柱 0 .7～ 1.5 m in流出组份进入分析柱分析 ,2 2 4nm波长下检测 ,按内标法定量。结果　标准曲线线性范围为 0 .5～ 3 2μg/L ,最低定量限为 0 .5μg/L ,沙丁胺醇和内标的保留时间分别为 6.7min和 7.6m in,日内 RSD小于 5 % ,日间 RSD小于 8% ,萃取回收率大于 80 % ,方法回收率在 96%～ 10 7%。结论　本法具有快速简便 ,灵敏准确等特点 ,适用于沙丁胺醇血药浓度测定及药代动力学、生物利用度研究用     

高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中游离脂肪酸浓度

目的建立大鼠血浆中游离脂肪酸 (FFAs)浓度的测定方法。方法以十七烷酸为内标 ,用 ψ(异丙醇∶正庚烷∶2mol/L磷酸 ) =(4 0∶10∶1)提取 ,溴苯乙酮衍生化 ,流动相为 ψ(乙腈∶水 ) =(81∶19) ,流速 1.0mL/min ,柱温 5 5℃ ,分析柱Nova pakC18(2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,4 μm) ,紫外检测波长 2 4 2nm。 结果各FFAs最低检测限为 0 .6 μmol/L ,平均回收率为 (10 0 .1± 2 0 ) % ,批内、批外RSD <6 .5 %。结论本法稳定、灵敏、可靠 ,适用于大鼠血浆中FFAs浓度测定     

HPLC法测定人血浆中紫杉醇浓度方法验证

目的：验证HPLC法检测人血浆中紫杉醇浓度的方法。方法：色谱柱：HpersilODS2C18（4．6ram×250mm,5μm）;流动相：0．4％乙酸铵-乙腈（52：48）;流速：1．4mL·min^-1;检测波长：227nm;柱温：35℃;结果：地西泮和紫杉醇分离良好,线性范围分别为0．624-39．92μg·mL^-1。平均提取回收率在8S％～87％;准确度在99％-105％,日内、日间RSD在5％～11％;结论：本法简便灵敏、准确可靠、经济,可用于测定紫杉醇的血浆浓度。     

HPLC法测定复方环磷酰胺胶囊中环磷酰胺的含量

目的建立复方环磷酰胺胶囊中环磷酰胺的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法 ,色谱柱Kromasil10 0 - 5C18(5μm ,4 .6mm× 15 0mm) ,流动相为 ψ(pH =3的 0 .3%二乙胺 ∶乙腈 ) =70 ∶30 ,内标物为对羟基苯甲酸乙酯 ,流速 1.0mL/min ,紫外检测波长 195nm ,柱温 2 0℃ ,内标法定量。结果环磷酰胺在 199.7～ 998.4 μg/mL之间线性关系良好 ,回归方程为Y =1.312 3X +0 .0 10 1,r=0 .9999(n =5 ) ,平均回收率为 99.93% ,RSD =1.19% (n =9)。。结论本法简便、准确、可靠 ,可作为控制复方环磷酰胺胶囊质量标准的方法     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血清中氯氮平含量

目的　探讨血清中氯氮平含量的测定方法。方法　以C18色谱柱、甲醇 -水 (80∶2 0 )、0 .1%三乙胺 (pH =7.75 )为流动相 ,在 40℃、2 30nm波长下分离、检测氯氮平 ,以安定做内标 ,内标法定量。结果　线性范围为 0～ 16 0 0ng·ml-1,r =0 .9998。氯氮平的相对回收率为99.85 %～ 10 1.2 0 %。三浓度的平均日内相对标准偏差 (RSD)为 2 .5 % ,平均日间RSD为 4.0 %。结论　本方法快速、简便、准确 ,可用于科研和临床工作中氯氮平血药浓度的快速检测     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定兔血浆中葛根素的浓度

目的 建立测定兔血浆中葛根素浓度的液相色谱-串联质谱法.方法 血浆加入内标橙皮苷后经固相萃取处理,采用Aglient C18柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,3.5 μm)分离,流动相为甲醇-10 mmol·L-1醋酸铵缓冲液-乙腈(体积比70∶20∶10),流速为0.2 mL·min-1.样品在串联质谱中经ESI源离子化后以多反应离子监测方式测定.结果 葛根素在10～3 000 ng·mL-1线性良好(r=0.9986),检测限为10 ng·mL-1,回收率为99.91%～103.92%,绝对回收率为91.33%～100.40%,日内、日间变异(RSD)均≤15%,色谱峰保留时间为1.67 min.结论 方法灵敏、准确、快速、特异性强,适用于中药葛根素的药动学研究.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.