The protective effect of lipoxygenase inhibitor FLM 5011 on mitochondria ultrastructure of ischemic and reperfused cardiomyocytes.

Lipoxygenase inhibitor FLM 5011 was used in experimental ischemia and reperfusion with dogs to investigate its ultrastructure-preserving effects on the mitochondria of myocardium. Ischemic and non-ischemic areas of the heart were ultrastructural-morphometric analysed, which revealed that FLM 5011 was able to diminish ischemic damage especially of mitochondria. The protective effects on mitochondria consisted mainly in reduction of defective intramitochondrial areas and in excellent protection of the structural integrity of cristae and matrix. The injury of mitochondria by ischemia/reperfusion in unprotected condition was partly more pronounced in the non-ischemic than in the ischemic area of the hearts probably caused by compensatory overload of the residual myocardium.     

微量去甲肾上腺素预处理对大鼠缺血/再灌注心肌的保护作用

目的：观察比较支甲肾上腺素预处理与经典缺血预处理对大鼠缺血／再灌注心脏的保护作用。方法：将实验动物分为对照组、缺血／再灌注组,经典缺血预处理和去甲肾上腺素预处理４组在相应时点分别测定心肌梗塞面积心功能,观察心肌超微结构,线粒体内膜标志酶损伤性反应及热休克蛋白７０、ｍＲＮＡ表达的变化。     

Cytotoxic effect of low-density lipoproteins on intact, ischemic, and reperfused endothelial cells

The cytotoxic effect of low-density lipoproteins on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells increases with their concentration, degree of oxidation, and incubation time, being more pronounced in ischemia or ischemia+reperfusion than in aerobic conditions. Synergism of the cytotoxic effect of lipoproteins with the damaging effect of ischemia and reperfusion promotes the development of atherosclerotic lesions of the vascular wall at sites predisposed to the damage by the ischemia/reperfusion. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 9, pp. 302–306, September, 1998     

氟伐他汀对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的防治效应

目的：观察氟伐他汀对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的防治作用及对心肌ICAM-1 mRNA表达的影响。 方法： 24只日本大耳白兔，随机分3组，假手术组、对照组、处理组（给予氟伐他汀10 mg·kg－1·d－1喂服1周）,所有动物在手术前检测血脂，对照组和处理组复制缺血再灌注模型，假手术组只穿线不结扎。监测血流动力学指标，检测血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和肌酸激酶（CK）的活性。RT-PCR检测缺血区及假手术组对应区域心肌ICAM-1 mRNA的表达。 结果： 各组动物在手术前1 d血脂指标无统计学差异；缺血开始后处理组各时点左室舒张末压（LVEDP）小于对照组（P＜0.05），左室内压变化最大速率（±dp/dtmax）大于对照组（P＜0.05）；他汀组LDH-1、CK、CKMB活性均显著小于对照组（均为P＜0.01)；他汀组心肌组织ICAM-1 mRNA表达显著低于对照组(P<0.01),假手术组表达最少。 结论： 氟伐他汀预处理能减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤，其机制可能与抑制炎症反应有关。     

缺血预处理抗缺血再灌注心肌间质损伤的实验研究

目的：观察缺血预处理（ＩＰＣ） 对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌间质胶原及心肌功能结构关系的影响,以进一步探讨ＩＰＣ 对心肌的保护作用。方法：实验采用体重（２５０ ±３０）ｇ 雄性ＳＤ 大鼠２４ 只,分３ 组,每组８ 只,即假手术对照（ＳＣ）组;缺血再灌注（Ｉ／Ｒ） 组和缺血预处理（ＩＰＣ） 组。用超微结构立体计量及羟脯氨酸浓度测定观察心肌间质胶原变化,多道记录仪测量心功能指标,透射电镜观察心肌超微结构。结果：Ｉ／Ｒ 时心肌间质胶原浓度显著低于ＳＣ 组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） ,心肌超微结构损伤严重,左室功能明显低于ＳＣ 组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。ＩＰＣ 组心肌超微结构破坏明显低于Ｉ／ Ｒ 组。同时,心肌间质胶原浓度、胶原纤维线密度及左室功能指标明显高于Ｉ／Ｒ 组（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５ ,Ｐ＜ ０－０１） 。结论：ＩＰＣ 的心肌保护作用不仅表现在对心肌细胞上,而且对心肌间质也有重要的保护作用。     

短期运动对大鼠缺血/再灌注心肌的保护作用

目的研究短期中等强度运动训练对大鼠缺血/再灌注(I/R)心肌的保护作用及与蛋白激酶C(PKC)激活的相关性。方法40只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组(每组10只):对照组(CON组)、运动组(EXE组)、运动 PKC抑制剂组(E C组)和PKC抑制剂组(CHE组)。应用Langendorff离体心脏I/R模型,观察各组大鼠心脏再灌注期间心律失常的发生情况、心功能指标恢复率及心肌梗死范围。结果EXE组大鼠LVDP(再灌注30、60 min)和RPP(再灌注20、30、60 min)恢复率高于CON和E C组(P<0.05或P<0.01),心肌梗死范围显著低于CON和E C组(P<0.01)。CON、CHE组上述各指标无差异。结论短期中等强度运动训练对I/R心肌有保护作用,保护作用与PKC的激活有关。     

The effects of iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue, in experimental ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rat ovaries

Ovarian torsion is a surgical emergency affecting not only the ipsilateral ovary but also contralateral ovary. Although the conventional treatment is salpingo-oophorectomy, recent studies advocate detorsion. We hypothesized that iloprost, an analogue of prostacyclin with cytoprotective properties, may prevent the harmful effects of ischaemia–reperfusion injury in bilateral ovaries after unilateral ovarian torsion–detorsion in rat. In this study, 24 female Wistar-albino female rats were divided into four groups. Ovarian torsion was produced by applying vascular clamps to right ovaries. In Group I, bilateral oophorectomy was performed. In group II, bilateral oophorectomy was performed after a unilateral torsion period of 4 h. In group III, bilateral ovaries were removed, following unilateral torsion–detorsion periods each lasted for 4 h. Saline was injected i.p. 30 min before detorsion. In group IV, same experimental protocol, which was conducted in group III, was repeated. Iloprost was injected i.p. 30 min before detorsion instead of saline in group IV. Tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), which are the indicators for oxidative stress were determined and histopathological evaluation was performed in bilateral ovaries in all groups. The MDA and NO levels for ipsilateral ovaries of four groups were compared and no significant difference was found (p>0.05). The same comparison were done for the contralateral sides and no difference was seen either (p>0.05). In histological examination, iloprost produced improvement in I/R-induced alterations in ipsilateral and contralateral ovaries. In conclusion, these results showed that iloprost has beneficial effect on the histological appearences in both the ipsilateral and contralateral rat ovaries after unilateral torsion–detorsion.     

Long-term treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension with aerosolized iloprost, a prostacyclin analogue

BACKGROUND: Continuous intravenous infusion of epoprostenol (prostacyclin) is an effective treatment for primary pulmonary hypertension. This approach requires the insertion of a permanent central venous catheter, with the associated risk of serious complications. Recently, aerosolized iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, has been introduced as an alternative therapy for severe pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of aerosolized iloprost on exercise capacity and hemodynamic variables over a one-year period in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients with primary pulmonary hypertension received aerosolized iloprost at a daily dose of 100 or 150 microg for at least one year. The mean (+/-SD) distance covered in the six-minute walk test increased from 278+/-96 m at base line to 363+/-135 m after 12 months (P<0.001). During the same period, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure before the inhalation of iloprost declined from 59+/-10 mm Hg to 52+/-15 mm Hg (P=0.006), cardiac output increased from 3.8+/-1.4 liters per minute to 4.4+/-1.3 liters per minute (P=0.02), and pulmonary vascular resistance declined from 1205+/-467 dyn x sec x cm(-5) to 925+/-469 dyn x sec x cm(-5) (P<0.001). The treatment was generally well tolerated, except for mild coughing, minor headache, and jaw pain in some patients. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term treatment with aerosolized iloprost is safe and has sustained effects on exercise capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension.     

丹冰通颗粒对心肌缺血的保护作用

目的探讨丹冰通颗粒治疗心肌缺血的保护作用。方法采用异丙肾上腺素致大鼠心肌缺血实验模型,检测心电图ST段、心肌丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量;采用垂体后叶素致大鼠心肌缺血实验模型,检测对T波的影响,并检测离体大鼠心脏冠脉流量。结果丹冰通颗粒能明显抑制异丙肾上腺素所致的心肌缺血大鼠心电图ST段偏移,使血清LDH活性和MDA含量降低,SOD活性增高(P0.05)。丹冰通颗粒能明显抑制垂体后叶素所致的心肌缺血大鼠心电图T波高度的变化,可明显增加离体大鼠心脏冠脉流量。结论丹冰通颗粒对心肌缺血具有保护作用。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子联合缺血后适应治疗急性心肌梗死的实验研究

 目的：探讨粒细胞集落刺激因子（G-CSF）联合缺血后适应（IP）对实验兔急性心肌梗死的心脏保护作用。方法：将兔结扎左室支（LVA）后分为4组：缺血再灌注模型组（IR组,松结后直接再灌注）、G-CSF组（松结并于术后12 h开始使用G-CSF皮下注射)、IP组（予以IP行改良再灌注）和G-CSF + IP组（联合应用IP及G-CSF干预）。观察各组术中心电图ST段变化,检测手术前后血常规和心肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）,术后4周行超声心动图检查,测定各组梗死心肌的面积、组织病理结构和细胞凋亡。结果：IP组术中ST段回落快于模型组;G-CSF处理后,实验动物血常规中白细胞明显增高;IP组、G-CSF组及联合治疗组术后7 d的cTnI明显低于模型组;术后4周超声心动图结果显示,IP组、G-CSF组及联合治疗组指标好于模型组,联合治疗组最佳;IP组、G-CSF组及联合治疗组梗死心肌面积均明显低于模型组,梗死周边细胞凋亡程度低、血管密度高,联合治疗组最好。结论：G-CSF联合IP可有效减轻心肌梗死后急性期的再灌注损伤,有利于恢复期的心脏修复。     

改良HTK液低温保存对离体鼠心脏保护的作用

本研究旨在通过离体鼠心脏Langendorff灌注模型,依据器官低温保存的要求,在HTK(histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutar-at)液基础上添加相关成分,并与HTK液相比较,评价二者心肌保存效果.     

N(2)-L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺对肾缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡及相关因子表达的影响

目的探讨N(2)-L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺(LAG)对肾缺血再灌注致心肌细胞凋亡及相关因子表达的影响。方法清洁级Wistar大鼠30只,体重250~300 g,随机分为3组(n=10):假手术组(sham组)、肾缺血再灌注组(I/R组)和LAG处理组(LAG+I/R组)。Sham组仅切除右肾,游离左肾动脉,关腹。LAG+I/R组和I/R组切除右肾,夹闭左肾动脉45min再灌注以制备肾缺血再灌注模型,分别于夹闭动脉前30min给予LAG150mg/kg和等量生理盐水。三组均于再灌注6h处死大鼠,取心肌组织,HE染色观察病理组织学变化,Masson染色观察心肌细胞变化;ELISA检测血浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性;Western-blot法检测Bcl-2、Bax、Caspase-3蛋白表达水平。结果 N(2)-L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺能够减轻肾缺血再灌注致心肌细胞损伤,可降低MDA表达水平,升高SOD表达(P0.05),抑制心肌中Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达(P0.05)。结论肾缺血再灌注可导致心肌细胞凋亡,造成一定的心肌损伤,LAG对肾缺血再灌注心脏损伤的保护作用可能与升高SOD和Bcl-2表达,降低MDA、Bax和Caspase-3表达相关。     

去甲肾上腺素和缺血预处理对大鼠缺血再灌注心肌细胞凋亡、Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究去甲肾上腺素预处理(NE-P)和缺血预处理(IP)对大鼠缺血再灌注(I/R)心肌细胞凋亡及相关基因Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响。方法:复制缺血再灌注损伤(IRI),采用末端标记技术(TUNEL)检测心肌细胞凋亡;应用免疫组化SABC法检测Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达。结果:I/R组凋亡细胞较多,NE-P组及IP组凋亡细胞明显少于I/R组(P＜0.01)。在I/R组Bcl-2的表达少而Bax的表达较多,NE-P组及IP组Bcl-2的表达明显高于I/R组(P＜0.01),而Bax的表达明显低于I/R组(P＜0.01)。NE-P组与IP组各指标均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。结论:NE-P可抑制I/R诱发的心肌细胞凋亡,Bcl-2和Bax的蛋白表达在心肌凋亡的发生中起重要作用。NE-P与IP两者对心肌细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的影响的作用相近。     

Histochemical studies on striated muscle of ischemic and angiosurgically reperfused lower extremities

There have been reports on an increased oxidative capacity in muscle tissue from the diseased legs of patients with intermittent claudication. In biopsy from specimens the gastrocnemius muscle of 25 patients the effect of arterial reconstructive surgery were studied, using fresh frozen cryostate sections and histochemical reactions for some oxidoreductases. The present study describes additional histochemical changes in the leg muscles in patients suffering from arterial insufficiency. The changes observed are correlated to the clinical severity of the disease.     

四逆汤抗犬急性心肌缺血的实验研究

目的：观察四逆汤对急性心肌缺血犬心内膜心电图及心肌酶学脂质过氧化损伤等指标的影响。方法：应用结扎犬冠状动脉的方法造成急性缺血模型,描记心电图,检测磷酸肌酸激酶（ＣＰＫ）,磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶（ＣＰＫ－ＭＢ）,谷丙转氨酶（ＡＬＴ）,乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）,超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）等指标。结果：四逆汤能显著降低急性心肌缺血犬 心电图缺血范围和缺血程度,降低血ＣＰＫ,ＣＰＫ－ＭＢ,ＬＤＨ等     

Olmesartan restores the protective effect of remote ischemic perconditioning against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats

OBJECTIVES:Remote ischemic perconditioning is the newest technique used to lessen ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, its effect in hypertensive animals has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the effect of remote ischemic perconditioning in spontaneously hypertensive rats and determine whether chronic treatment with Olmesartan could influence the effect of remote ischemic perconditioning.METHODS:Sixty rats were randomly divided into six groups: vehicle-sham, vehicle-ischemia/reperfusion injury, vehicle-remote ischemic perconditioning, olmesartan-sham, olmesartan-ischemia/reperfusion and olmesartan-remote ischemic perconditioning. The left ventricular mass index, creatine kinase concentration, infarct size, arrhythmia scores, HIF–1α mRNA expression, miR-21 expression and miR-210 expression were measured.RESULTS:Olmesartan significantly reduced the left ventricular mass index, decreased the creatine kinase concentration, limited the infarct size and reduced the arrhythmia score. The infarct size, creatine kinase concentration and arrhythmia score during reperfusion were similar for the vehicle-ischemia/reperfusion group and vehicle-remote ischemic perconditioning group. However, these values were significantly decreased in the olmesartan-remote ischemic perconditioning group compared to the olmesartan-ischemia/reperfusion injury group. HIF–1α, miR-21 and miR-210 expression were markedly down-regulated in the Olmesartan-sham group compared to the vehicle-sham group and significantly up-regulated in the olmesartan-remote ischemic perconditioning group compared to the olmesartan-ischemia/reperfusion injury group.CONCLUSION:The results indicate that ¹ the protective effect of remote ischemic perconditioning is lost in vehicle-treated rats and that chronic treatment with Olmesartan restores the protective effect of remote ischemic perconditioning; ² chronic treatment with Olmesartan down-regulates HIF–1α, miR-21 and miR-210 expression and reduces hypertrophy, thereby limiting ischemia/reperfusion injury; and ³ recovery of the protective effect of remote ischemic perconditioning is related to the up-regulation of HIF–1α, miR-21 and miR-210 expression.     

内质网应激介导蜕皮甾酮对H2 O2 诱导的心肌细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨蜕皮甾酮(EDS)如何通过调节内质网应激对过氧化氢(H2 O2 )诱导的心肌细胞损伤起保护作用。方法:大鼠H9c2 心肌细胞随机分为对照(Control)组,正常心肌细胞;H2 O2 组,不同浓度H2 O2(1*10-3 、1*10-4 、1*10-5 mol/ L)诱导损伤细胞;EDS 组,在H2 O2 组基础上,加入不同浓度的EDS(25、50、100 μmol/ L)处理。MTT 法和流式细胞术分别检测实验各组细胞活力及细胞凋亡率。Western blot 检测各组细胞中Bcl-2、Bax、cleaved-caspase-3、caspase-4、caspase-7、caspase-12、 GRP78 和CHOP 的蛋白水平,同时检测各组细胞中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果:与Control 组相比,H2 O2 组的细胞活力减弱,凋亡率升高,MOD 含量升高,SOD 活性降低,GRP78 和CHOP 的表达升高(均P<0.05)。H2 O2 组加入EDS 处理后,细胞活力提升,凋亡率下降,MOD 含量降低,SOD 活性升高,GRP78 和CHOP 的表达降低(均P<0.05)。结论:通过抑制内质网的应激过程,蜕皮甾酮能减轻H2 O2 诱导的心肌细胞损伤。     

The effect of the synthetic lecithin analogue, dimethyl-DL-2, 3-distearolyoxypropyl-2'hydroxylethylammonium acetate, on cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity.

The effect of the synthetic lecithin analogue, dimethyl-DL-2, 3-distearolyoxypropyl-2'hydroxylethylammonium acetate, on CTL cytolytic activity was studied. The analogue significantly inhibits H-2b anti H-2d cytolytic T lymphocytes at concentrations which do not impair lymphocyte viability, protein synthesis, or RNA synthesis. At these concentrations the inhibition is reversible upon removing the analogue. Thus, the inhibition produced by analogue simply is not a result of analogue toxicity. At higher concentrations of the analogue, CTL inhibition is very pronounced; however at these higher concentrations there is evidence of non-specific toxicity of the analogue on CTL.