三维扫描技术对单侧完全性唇裂同期鼻整形并行鼻撑矫形的效果分析

目的：观察单侧完全性唇裂（unilateral complete cleft lip,UCCP）同期鼻整形联合硅橡胶鼻撑或鼻模（Nasal Split,NS）矫形的临床效果,为单侧完全性唇裂同期鼻整形联合硅橡胶鼻撑矫形的可行性提供临床依据。方法：选取2007年1月～2008年2月我院手术治疗单侧完全性唇裂患儿72例,根据有无同期进行鼻整形联合硅橡胶鼻撑矫形分为实验组（同期鼻整形联合硅橡胶鼻撑矫形）及对照组（未行同期鼻整形联合硅橡胶鼻撑矫形）,每组36例,利用三维扫描仪（Three Dimensional Sensing System,3DSS）,对每组患儿进行面部可见光三维扫描采集鼻部形态数据,进行统计学分析。结果：两组在鼻翼长度、鼻基部长度、鼻孔高度、鼻孔宽度、鼻尖偏斜度方面具有明显统计学差异性,而在鼻偏曲度、鼻翼口角距、鼻翼唇峰距方面无明显统计学差异。结论：实验组与对照组在鼻翼长度、鼻基部长度、鼻孔高度、鼻孔宽度、鼻尖偏斜度方面的改善上明显优于对照组,单侧完全性唇裂同期鼻整形联合硅橡胶鼻撑矫形的方法能够减轻继发鼻畸形的程度,为鼻畸形二期整复创造条件。     

硅胶假体隆鼻术后并发症预防的研究进展

鼻位于面中部,位置显著而独立,它在整个面部美学形态和面部立体结构中起着举足轻重的作用[1]。由于种族的不同,鼻部形态有其各自独特的特征,亚洲人典型的鼻部特征:鼻背塌陷呈"鞍形",鼻尖皮肤厚,外观圆钝、肥大;鼻翼软骨发育不全,鼻翼基底宽大;鼻小柱短小,鼻唇角尖锐;鼻孔呈     

先天性额外鼻孔鼻腔伴鼻中隔偏曲一例

患者男，19岁，出生时鼻尖处有一额外鼻孔，感冒时有分泌物流出。无家族史。查体：鼻尖向左偏斜，右鼻翼塌陷，鼻中隔呈弧形偏曲。右鼻孔内上方有一直径1mm孔道，与右侧鼻前庭相通。X线造影显示：鼻中隔偏曲，额外鼻腔及右侧鼻腔内有造影剂显示（图1，2）。     

美学原则在扩张后额部皮瓣全鼻再造中的应用

鼻是面部最突出的器官，是由鼻根、鼻背、鼻尖、鼻翼、鼻孔、鼻小柱等共同组成一个复杂的三维锥形体。鼻的每一部分各有其特定的长度、宽度、高度、弧度及多重曲线等美学因素。鼻的各部分形态、大小与其他组成部分间以及与整个在部间的比例协调，才能达到一种和谐、对称的美。鼻缺损对患者的容貌有极大的影响。我们将美学原则应用于扩张后额部皮瓣全鼻再造的手术中，取得满意效果，报告如下。     

假体隆鼻的现状和发展方向

鼻位于面部中央,对于面部形态美非常重要。中国人颜面较纤巧,额骨鼻突一般较低平,鼻梁以小巧细窄为美。额骨鼻突至鼻尖,男性近似直线,女性微具凹弧,鼻端微翘较为柔美。东方人种鼻部多数较低平,故隆鼻术是目前国内整形美容外科中最常见的手术之一。隆鼻术是利用充填材料,通过     

高密度多孔聚乙烯联合耳软骨移植在鼻整形中的应用及美学效果观察

目的：探究高密度多孔聚乙烯联合耳软骨移植在鼻整形中的应用及美学效果。方法：笔者2019年1月-2021年1月，对38例患者采用高密度多孔聚乙烯联合耳软骨移植行鼻整形术。根据患者实际情况，选择高密度多孔聚乙烯作为填充物进行鼻小柱延长，自体耳软骨作为鼻尖覆盖，硅胶或膨体作为鼻背修饰物。分析患者鼻整形效果，采用数字化面部扫描技术测量患者鼻长、鼻尖高度、鼻唇角和左右鼻尖顶点间距，计算术后鼻唇角、鼻尖高度和鼻尖距的美学达标率，FACE-Q量表评估患者面部总体外观满意度、心理健康和社会功能变化；随访12个月，记录术后并发症发生情况。结果：本组38例患者均顺利完成手术，术后切口均I期愈合，无明显瘢痕，耳软骨供区无明显外观改变；鼻小柱延长效果明显，鼻尖长度和高度维持稳定；鼻背平直，鼻根形态过渡自然；鼻拱对称，鼻尖触感自然，效果满意。术后，患者的鼻长、鼻尖高度均较术前增大，鼻唇角和左右鼻尖顶点间距较术前下降（P<0.05）；患者的鼻唇角、鼻尖高度和鼻尖距美学达标率分别为94.73%(36/38)、92.11%(35/38)和94.73%(36/38)。术后患者的面部总体外观满意度、心理健康和社会功...     

两种上颌前份截骨后退术对鼻部形态的影响

目的评估2种上颌前份截骨术式对患者鼻部形态的影响。方法2015年1月至2017年12月天津市口腔医院收治双颌前突患者30例,男8例,女22例,年龄19~32岁。根据入院的治疗顺序随机分为传统手术组与改良手术组,传统手术组20例,采用传统的上颌前份截骨术;改良手术组10例,采用改良上颌前份截骨术。于术前及术后1年对患者行头颅锥形束CT扫描,将获得的DICOM数据导入Proplan CMF 2.0软件,三维重建颅面部解剖结构,选取反映鼻部形态的软、硬组织标志点,同时建立3个定位平面及三维定点测量系统,测量手术前、后各标志点间的距离及角度,包括鼻唇角、上鼻唇角、下鼻唇角、鼻尖角、鼻尖倾斜度、鼻小柱倾斜度、鼻高、鼻尖深度、垂直鼻尖位置、鼻翼基底宽、内眦间距、鼻小柱高度、右侧鼻孔轴角、左侧鼻孔轴角、鼻孔面积,并采用配对样本t检验来评价2种术式对患者术后鼻部形态的影响。结果(1)传统手术组患者术后鼻唇角由术前的113.74°±9.42°增加至121.93°±4.05°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);鼻小柱倾斜度由术前的129.86°±7.63°减少到120.06°±7.73°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);鼻高及鼻翼基底宽度均较术前增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);但鼻尖角、鼻尖倾斜度、垂直鼻尖位置、鼻小柱高度、双侧鼻孔轴角及鼻孔面积与术前相比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)改良手术组患者术后鼻唇角由术前的110.75°±1.67°增至122.42°±6.95°,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);垂直鼻尖位置由术前的(11.87±1.39)mm减少至(11.16±1.02)mm;但鼻翼基底宽、鼻尖角、鼻尖倾斜度、鼻小柱倾斜度、鼻高、鼻小柱高度、双侧鼻孔轴角以及鼻孔面积,手术前后比较差异均无统计学意义。结论与传统的上颌前份截骨术相比,改良术式可获得良好的手术效果,且对患者鼻部形态的影响非常小,掌握适应证,灵活应用才能获得最好的手术效果及患者满意度。     

云南省勐海县布朗族人头面部器官微机测量研究

目的：对云南省勐海县布朗山的布朗族人头面部器官进行全面系统地测量研究。方法：采用自行研制的头面部摄像——计算机测量系统，对其正常布朗族成人200人进行了头面部器官全面系统的测量，其中男性100人，女性100人。结果：得出了布朗族成年男女两性头面部器官41个项目测量值和17个头面部指数资料。结论：该研究不仅对临床医学和美学研究有重要意义，而且对人类学、民族学和工业等相关学科也有重要的参考价值。     

鼻整形术中常规放置鼻翼缘移植物对术后鼻翼缘退缩的影响

目的：分析鼻整形术中放置鼻翼缘移植物对术后鼻翼缘退缩的影响。方法：选取2018年12月-2020年12月在笔者医院初次行鼻整形术的女性就医者40例，采用随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组，每组20例。实验组鼻整形术中常规放置鼻翼缘移植物，对照组不放置鼻翼缘移植物。拍摄就医者侧面观照片，观察就医者鼻小柱与鼻翼缘关系，测量其鼻孔长轴以及鼻翼缘最高点与鼻孔长轴线之间的距离并计算鼻孔轴距比。比较就医者术前及术后1年的鼻孔轴距比。结果：术后随访1年，失访12例。最终实验组15例，对照组13例。实验组与对照组术前鼻孔轴距比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。术后实验组鼻孔轴距比小于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。实验组术前与术后鼻孔轴距比比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。对照组术前与术后鼻孔轴距比差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。两组就医者均未出现并发症。结论：鼻整形术中常规放置鼻翼缘移植物，对术后就医者鼻翼缘退缩有明显的改善作用。     

鼻中隔软骨和肋软骨在唇裂鼻畸形修复中的比较研究

目的：通过自体鼻中隔软骨和肋软骨在唇裂鼻畸形修复中的比较研究,为进一步完善唇裂鼻畸形的手术方法提供依据。方法：切取自体的鼻中隔软骨或肋软骨,制成鼻支架;植入鼻支架并进行解剖复位。采用定性的方法观察二组患者术后鼻底宽度对称性、鼻尖、鼻孔形态、鼻小柱高度、鼻背形态和鼻翼对称性,然后进行比较分析。结果：自体鼻中隔软骨与自体肋软骨植入矫正唇裂鼻畸形患者,在鼻底宽度和对称性、鼻孔形态、鼻翼对称性的改善中二组间无明显统计学意义;而鼻小柱高度、鼻背形态和鼻尖形态的改善二组间有统计学意义。结论：自体肋软骨组较自体鼻中隔软骨组对鼻部形态的改善更明显;但自体肋软骨组有创伤大、患者难于接受等缺点;自体鼻中隔软骨组创伤小、无第二手术野,可利用的组织量过少。因此,本研究认为：利用鼻中隔软骨或肋软骨矫正唇裂鼻畸形各有优缺点,需谨慎选择、因人而异。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.