60岁以上患者全肺切除术42例临床体会

目的探讨术前肺功能评价与老年患者行全肺切除术后并发症的发生及死亡率的相关性。方法对42例60岁以上行全肺切除术患者,术前测定VC％、MVV％、FEV1％、DLCO％、屏气试验、血气分析,并与术后进行对比分析。结果术后较严重并发症12例,死亡2例。无并发症组与并发症及死亡组术前肺功能指标有显著性差异的是FEV1％、DLCO％和屏气时间。当MVV％〈60％、FEV1〈50％、DLCO％〈50％、屏气时间〈30s时,全肺切除术后风险明显增高。结论对于需行全肺切除的老年患者,综合正确评价患者的肺功能情况,积极的围术期处理,既可避免让一些患者失去手术治疗机会,又能减少术后并发症及死亡率。     

中重度低肺功能患者肺切除术26例分析

目的：探讨中重度低肺功能患者肺切除术后影响转归的因素及手术适应证的选择。方法：总结26例中重度低肺功能患者的手术治疗经过、术后并发症和近期肺功能变化。其中全肺切除术4例,单纯肺叶切除术20例,袖状肺叶切除术1例,肺叶楔形切除术1例。结果：术后发生心肺并发症10例（38．46％）,病死1例（3．85％）,死于肺部感染并呼吸衰竭。25例术后3个月复查肺通气功能和动脉血气分析显示,动脉血氧分压较手术前明显改善（P〈0．01）,最大自主通气量、第1秒用力呼气肺活量（FEV1）及FEV1占预计值百分比（FEV1％）和动脉血二氧化碳分压与术前差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：中重度低肺功能患者仍有一定的肺功能储备,能耐受肺叶切除手术;通过加强围手术期管理,特别是术后的密切监护以及各种严重心肺并发症的及时处理,可达到满意的手术效果。     

全肺切除治疗低肺功能肺结核毁损肺48例的疗效分析

目的观察全肺切除治疗低肺功能肺结核毁损肺患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法低肺功能肺结核毁损肺患者48例，采用全肺切除术进行治疗，术前及术后给予抗结核药物。观察术后肺结核转阴情况、治愈率和并发症发生情况，比较术前及术后3、6个月的肺功能情况。结果术前48例患者痰培养均为阳性，术后痰茵转阴率、治愈率均为95．8％（46／48）。术后3、6个月，患者FEVl及MVV显著高于术前（P〈0．05）。而PaCO：显著低于术前（P〈0．05）。无严重并发症。结论对低肺功能肺结核毁损肺患者进行全肺切除可明显改善肺功能，提高痰茵阴转率，临床疗效显著，且并发症少。     

肺癌全肺切除术后心肺并发症的防治

【目的】总结非小细胞肺癌全肺切除术术后心肺并发症及其临床规律，指导肺癌全肺切除术心肺并发症的防治。【方法】回顾性分析本单位1999年1月-2006年12月施行全肺切除手术的74例非小细胞肺癌患者的临床资料，观察指标包括严重心律失常、肺部感染、ARDS、低血容量性循环障碍等常见心肺并发症和血流动力学变化及预测的肺功能。【结果】全组围术期死亡1例（1.4％），16例（22％）出现心肺并发症。心肺并发症包括严重心律失常10例、急性呼吸窘迫综合症（ARDS）3例、肺部感染2例及低血容量性循环障碍8例。【结论】非小细胞肺癌全肺切除术后心肺并发症常见，其原因主要是血流动力学及肺功能改变；术前准确的心肺功能评估，术后密切的监护，及时、正确的处理是防治全肺切除术心肺并发症的关键。     

全肺切除术后围手术期并发症的临床分析

目的：探讨和评估全肺切除术后围手术期并发症的危险因素和防治办法。方法：回顾分析48例全肺切除术后围手术期并发症病例资料。结果：101例全肺切除术后围手术期发生并发症48例(47．5％),其中死亡4例;呼吸循环衰竭4例,2例死亡;心律失常27例;支气管胸膜瘘合并脓胸2例,1例死亡,肺不张伴感染7例;血胸4例;急性肺水肿4例,1例死亡。结论：病人的年龄、心肺疾病史、围手术期的输液管理、感染是发生并发症和死亡相关的主要危险因素;充分的术前准备、术后监护、机械辅助呼吸、呼吸功能锻炼能减少此类并发症和死亡率。     

全肺切除围术期处理

总结３０２例全肺切除围术期的并发症、死亡因素、治疗和预防措施。手术死亡率为２．６％，死亡与手术切除的范围、手术操作、术前合并症等有关。并发症以心律失常、感染、支气管胸膜瘘、出血等较常见。术前作肺通气功能及核素肺灌注断层显影测定分侧肺功能，以估计术后肺功能。术前肺活量大于２．５Ｌ或最大通气量大于预计值６０％，时间肺活量第一秒大于１．６５Ｌ或大于预计值５８％，术后预计肺活量大于２．１Ｌ，时间肺活量第一     

经尿道前列腺汽化电切术围手术期综合护理的探讨

目的探讨前列腺汽化电切术（TURP）围手术期的护理措施以降低手术并发症。方法对行TURP的318例患者进行术前、术中、术后干预护理，总结其并发症发生情况及护理经验。结果术后发生并发症45例（14．2％）。经过有效治疗及护理痊愈出院。患者术前国际前列腺症状评分（INS）及生活质量评分（QOL），分别为26分、4．9分，术后分别为8．1分、2．4分。结论良好、有效的综合护理可降低TULIP术后并发症，提高疗效。     

老年人全肺切除术术前肺功能与围术期处理

目的 提高老年人全切肺切除术肺功能耐受性评估及围术期处理水平。方法 对２５例老年人肺部恶性肿瘤患者作患侧全肺切除术,讨论病例选择及围术期处理。结果 全组成功２３例,死亡２例。结论 病变广泛患者,如肺功能达到要求及术前积极处理后好转,亦可行单侧全肺切除术,但右肺者应慎重。     

食管癌伴肺功能损害病人的围手术期处理

目的：探讨食管病人合并肺功能减损的围手术期处理。方法：回顾分析138例伴肺功能损害的食管癌病人行手术切除术，围手术期处理体会。结果：138例术后30例（21.7%）发生肺部并发症，死亡10例中，5例为肺部并发症。结论：对有肺功能损害病例，应仔细评价肺功能是否能耐受手术，并作好围手术期处理，术前呼吸训练、解痉及术后保持呼吸道通畅，必要时纤维支气管吸痰或呼吸机辅助呼吸，可提高成功率。     

肺癌病人的肺弥散功能改变及术前弥散功能与术后并发症的关系

连续观察40例肺癌病人的肺弥散功能变化，以及肺癌病人术前弥散功能与术后并发症发生率的关系．结果显示：（1）肺癌病人的肺弥散功能显著下降，且下降的程度与通气功能有关，通气功能损害组的弥散功能下降更为明显；（2）肺叶切除病人，由于余肺有较好的代偿能力，肺弥散功能并不象预想的那样，手术后有显著下降，（3）术后并发症发生率与术前的弥散功能受损程度明显相关，术后并发症的发生率随术前弥散功能的损害加重而增加；（4）如果肺癌病人术前DLCO／VA％＜45％，加上有通气功能的损害，术后合并症发生率升高，对这类病人应尽量避免全肺切除。     

Using quantitative CT to predict postoperative pulmonary function in patients with lung cancer

Background At present, the therapy for patients with lung cancer that achieves a high rate of cure is surgical resection at an early stage of the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate quantitative computed tomography (QCT) for predicting postoperative pulmonary function in patients with lung cancer. Methods The data of thirty-one patients with lung cancer who underwent both pulmonary functional tests and QCT scan before operations were collected. A CT program was used to quantify the volume of whole lung parenchyma with attenuation of -910 HU to -600 HU, which was defined as total functional lung volume (TFLV). Similarly, the volume of lung (lobes or segments) with attenuation of -910 HU to -600 HU was defined as regional functional lung volume (RFLV). Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1), FVC% and FEV1% (ratio to reference values of the matched population) were obtained from preoperational pulmonary functional tests. According to the formula: predicted FVC (pre-FVC)=preoperative FVC×［1－（RFLV/TFLV）］; predicted FEV1 (pre-FEV1)=preoperative FEV1×［1－（RFLV/TFLV）］, we obtained values of predicted FVC, predicted FEV1, predicted FVC% (pre-FVC/reference values of the matched population), and predicted FEV1% (pre-FEV1/reference values of the matched population). The paired t test and Pearson correlation test were used to assess significance of differences and correlations between CT predicted values and postoperative measured results of FVC, FEV1, FVC% and FEV1%. Results QCT predicted values correlated well with postoperative FVC, FEV1, FVC% and FEV1% （r=0.873, 0.809, 0.849 and 0.801 respectively, all P<0.01).Conclusions QCT is an effective and accurate way to predict postoperative pulmonary function in patients undergoing pulmonary resection, regardless of the patients’ preoperative pulmonary functional status.     

食管癌术后发生呼吸衰竭的危险因素

目的探讨食管癌术后发生呼吸衰竭的危险因素。方法选择新疆医科大学第一附属医院2002年9月至2012年9月食管癌术后发生呼吸衰竭的患者49例(呼吸衰竭组),并随机抽取同期食管癌术后未发生呼吸衰竭患者98例作为对照组,分析食管癌术后发生呼吸衰竭的危险因素。结果单因素分析结果表明食管癌术后发生呼吸衰竭与下列因素有关:最大通气量(MVV)、1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)、最大呼气流量、FEV1/用力肺活量、吸烟指数、手术时间、机械通气时间、术前并发呼吸系统疾病、吻合口位置、术后其他并发症。Logistic回归分析表明:FEV1≤1.5 L、MVV实测值/预测值≤50%、术后其他并发症及手术时间≥3 h为其独立危险因素。结论全面评估及改善术前肺功能,提高手术技巧,尽量减少手术时间,术后严密观察病情减少其他并发症的发生是降低食管癌术后呼吸衰竭的重要因素。     

围手术期综合呼吸功能训练对老年患者腹腔镜术后肺功能的影响

目的:探讨围手术期综合呼吸功能训练对老年患者腹腔镜术后肺功能的影响.方法:选择接受腹腔镜下阑尾切除术及胆囊切除术的73例老年患者,随机分为对照组36例和观察组37例,分别进行常规护理及呼吸功能训练.对2组患者术后并发症、术前及术后肺功能、血气分析进行比较.结果:观察组各并发症发生率与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).对照组术后FEV1、FEV1/FEV较术前下降(P<0.05),观察组术后FEV1、FEV1/FEV较对照组均有改善(P<0.05).对照组术后SaO2、PaO2较术前下降,PaCO2升高(P<0.05),观察组术后SaO2、PaO2、PaCO2较对照组均有改善(P<0.05).结论:围手术期综合呼吸功能训练是改善老年患者腹腔镜术后呼吸功能的重要方法,并有助于减少术后呼吸系统并发症的发生.     

肺通气功能测定与食管、贲门癌术后并发症的关系

目的探讨术前肺通气功能各个指标对食管、贲门癌切除手术患者手术耐受力及术后并发症的预测能力,综合分析预测指标与食管、贲门癌术后并发症的关系。方法对26例食管、贲门癌手术患者进行术前肺通气功能检测,追踪手术患者术后1月内心肺并发症(PPC)的发生情况,综合分析肺功能指标对手术耐受力与PPC的评估能力。结果26例手术患者有8例术后1月内出现PPC(29.2%);有、无PPC组间存在统计学意义的肺功能指标有:FVC、FVC%pred、FEV1及MVV;术前FVC<2.0 L,PPC发生率是100%;术前FVC<60%pred,PPC发生率是100%;术前FEV1<1.5 L,PPC发生率是75%;术前MVV<50 L,PPC发生率是50%;不同年龄与PPC的发生无相关性。结论术前肺通气功能能够评估食管、贲门癌切除术患者的手术耐受力及术后并发症的发生,常规肺功能极低者发生PPC的机率大。     

Implication of altered pulmonary function in pneumonectomy for tuberculous destroyed lung.

Twelve patients undergoing pneumonectomy for tuberculous destroyed lung were studied to determine the value of preoperative spirometry in the assessment of their pulmonary reserve, and prediction of their postoperative morbidity. Preoperatively, the mean functional losses (as percentage of predicted values) were 44.5% of FVC, 54% of FEV, and 44% of PFR. No significant alteration occurred in FVC, FEV1 or PFR post-pneumonectomy. All patients were in Class 1 (NYHA) pre- and postoperatively. It is concluded that operability in these patients cannot be based on broncho-spirometry. The assessment of preoperative clinical (symptomatic) stage and the cardiovascular status appears to be the major determinants of pulmonary functional results.     

肺切除术后急性呼吸衰竭的危险因素及护理对策

目的 探讨肺切除术后急性呼吸衰竭(ARF)的危险因素及护理策略。 方法 选择2015年4月—2016年2月间杭州师范大学附属医院收治的88例肺切除术患者,依据患者术后是否发生急性呼吸衰竭,将患者分为呼吸衰竭组和无呼吸衰竭组。收集2组患者的基本资料,包括:患者一般资料(性别、年龄、吸烟指数、心血管病史)、术前肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、最大通气量(MVV)、用力呼气量占用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)]、手术方式(部分肺切除、全肺切除)、补液量(术中补液量、术后当天补液量),采用单因素和Logistic回归分析对收集的数据资料进行分析。 结果 患者肺切除术后急性呼吸衰竭的发生率为31.8%。单因素和Logistic回归分析发现年龄、吸烟指数、心血管病史、FVC<1.8 L、FEV1<1.5 L、FEV1/FVC<70%、手术方式、术中补液量、术后当天补液量是肺切除患者术后发生急性呼吸衰竭的危险因素。 结论 肺切除患者术后易发生急性呼吸衰竭,年龄、吸烟指数、心血管病史、FVC<1.8 L、FEV1<1.5 L、FEV1/FVC<70%、手术方式、术中补液量、术后当天补液量是肺切除患者术后发生急性呼吸衰竭的危险因素,临床工作中要重视发生ARF的危险因素,做好预防和治疗工作。      

全胃切除术治疗胃底贲门癌的临床研究

目的探讨全胃切除术治疗胃底贲门癌的临床价值。方法回顾性分析医院8年间收治110例胃底贲门癌的资料,其中全胃切除(A组)61例,近侧胃大部分切除(B组)49例,并对其生存率和并发症发生率进行分析。结果A组1,3,5年生存率分别为81.2%,60.5%,41.2%,B组1,3,5年生存率分别为78.2%,58.1%,32.8%,两组比较有显著性意义(P<0.05)。A组术后并发症的发生率和病死率分别为13.1%和4.91%,B组分别为12.2%和4.08%,两组比较差异无显著性意义。结论对于进展期胃底贲门癌,应行全胃切除术,以提高远期疗效,全胃切除不会增加术后并发症和病死率。     

Preoperative pulmonary function as a predictor of respiratory complications and mortality in patients undergoing lung cancer resection

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated preoperative pulmonary function as a predictor of respiratory complications and mortality in patients undergoing lung cancer resection to confirm the guideline of the British Thoracic Society: lung cancer surgery in patients with predictive postoperative FEV(1.0) (%FEV(1.0)ppo) > 40% and predictive postoperative diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (%DL(co)ppo) > 40% can be carried out with average risk. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 356 consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary resection at our Department from January 1992 to December 2001. Preoperative pulmonary function tests included vital capacity (VC), %VC, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1.0)), FEV(1.0)%, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DL(co)), predictive postoperative FEV(1.0) (FEV(1.0)ppo), postoperative respiratory function expressed as a percentage of the predicted normal value (%FEV(1.0) ppo, %DL(co)ppo). Postoperative complications were divided into 2 groups: respiratory complications (pneumonia, atelectasis, etc) and other complications (bronchopleural fistula, prolonged air leak, arrhythmia, etc). RESULTS: Postoperative deaths occurred in 14 (3.9%) patients. Postoperative respiratory complications developed in 27 (7.6%) patients. Pneumonectomy (p < 0.001), preoperative chemotherapy (p < 0.01) and advanced stage (p < 0.05) were identified as risk factors of postoperative deaths. Patients undergoing lobectomy with FEV(1.0) > or = 1,500 ml did not die of respiratory complications. Patients undergoing pneumonectomy with FEV(1.0)ppo > or = 800ml/m2 did not die of respiratory complications. Patients undergoing pneumonectomy with %FEV(1.0)ppo < 40% and %DL(co)ppo < 40% did not survive. Five of the 7 patients who died of respiratory complications were treated with preoperative chemotherapy. The values of their %DL(co)ppo were all less than 40%. By multivariate analysis, %FEV(1.0)ppo was significant independent factor associated postoperative death. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the guideline is useful for the selection for surgery of lung cancer patients. If preoperative chemotherapy is performed, the measurement of %DL(co) is recommended before surgery.     

Implication of altered pulmonary function in pneumonectomy for tuberculous destroyed lung

Twelve patients undergoing pneumonectomy for tuberculous destroyed lung were studied to determine the value of preoperative spirometry in the assessment of their pulmonary reserve, and prediction of their post-operative morbidity. Preoperatively, the functional losses were evidenced by mean values of FVC of 56.4%, FEV1 of 48.9% and PEFR of 65.8%--all expressed as percentage of predicted normals. No significant alteration occurred in pulmonary function post-pneumonectomy. All patients were in Class 1 (HYHA) pre- and post-operatively. It is concluded that operability in these patients cannot be based on spirometry alone but must include the preoperative assessment of clinical (symptomatic) stage and cardiovascular status.