腹腔化疗对老年结直肠癌病人手术后细胞免疫功能的影响

目的：探讨老年结直肠癌病人手术后腹腔化疗对免疫状况的影响。方法：对1998年1月至2002年12月60岁以上行根治性手术的52例结直肠癌病人进行腹腔化疗前后细胞免疫检测，并将之与我院同期健康老年对照组和行静脉化疗病例进行比较。所有病人于化疗前1d和化疗后1周早晨空腹时静脉采血，测定血清中NK细胞和T细胞亚群。结果：老年结直肠癌病人手术后CD4^＋和NK细胞水平明显低于健康老年人群；老年结直肠癌病人化疗后CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋和NK细胞水平低于化疗前，其中静脉化疗病人化疗后较化疗前明显降低，存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）；而腹腔化疗组病人化疗前后上述指标的变化不大，无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：针对老年病人的免疫特点，采用细胞免疫抑制较轻的腹腔化疗方式进行化疗，对老年结直肠癌病人有一定的临床价值。     

大肠癌腹腔化疗现状和进展

腹腔复发和腹膜种植转移仍是影响大肠癌患者预后的主要因素,随着腹腔内化疗理论和技术的不断完善,腹腔化疗已成为进展期大肠癌不可或缺的辅助化疗方法.     

大肠癌术后腹腔化疗病人的护理

为探讨大肠癌术后腹腔化疗的护理技术。对１９９６年５月至１９９８年６月入院治疗的３２例中、晚期大肠癌病人，在术后早期使用５－Ｆｕ和卡铂进行腹腔化疗８６４例次。结果表明，近期有效率达８７．５０％，尤其对有腹水的病人疗效显著，无明显的毒副作用。提示加强腹腔化疗管的护理，可帮助病人顺利完成化疗，取得较满意的疗效。     

大肠癌术后早期腹腔内化疗和全身化疗比较

目的 大肠癌术后早期腹腔内化疗和全身化疗疗效的比较。方法 156例大肠癌术后患者分2组分别进行腹腔内化疗和全身化疗,观察化疗引起的毒副作用、肝转移、局部复发及3年生存率。结果 腹腔内化疗较全身化疗毒副作用小,肝转移、局部复发及3年生存率分别为7.6％、2.5％、78.5％和13％、15.7％、63.6％。结论 大肠癌术后早期腹腔内化疗较全身化疗毒副作用小,肝转移和局部复发低,3年生存率较高     

大肠癌术后腹腔化疗期腹腔灌洗液癌胚抗原的临床研究

本组对 10 8例大肠癌术后患者于腹腔化疗期间连续测定腹腔灌洗液癌胚抗原 (ＣＥＡ)及血清ＣＥＡ ,研究腹腔灌洗液ＣＥＡ在大肠癌术后早期局部和腹膜隐匿性复发及肝脏微转移时的临床意义 ,为早期局部和腹膜隐匿性复发及肝脏微转移后的有效治疗提供可靠的临床依据。临床资料1.对象 :1995年 1月至 1999年 12月经手术及病理证实为大肠癌患者 10 8例。男 6 5例 ,女 43例 ,年龄 2 6～ 80岁 ,中位年龄 5 1岁。术前无明显手术禁忌证 ,无肝转移及远处脏器转移 ,均行根治性手术 ,术后常规行腹腔化疗 (ＦＤＭ方案 )。2 .方法 :对每个患者分别实施腹腔化…     

腹腔化疗和静脉化疗对免疫的影响

目的：比较术后腹腔化疗和静脉化疗对胃肠道癌患者免疫的影响。方法：将36例胃肠道癌患者分两组,每组18例,一组接受腹腔化疗,另一组接受静脉化疗,检测血清中T细胞亚群和sIL-2R水平。结果：血清CD3,CD4和sIL-2R水平化疗后前明显下降（P＜0．01）,CD3,CD4,CD8在两治疗组之间相似（P＞0．1）,但sIL-2R水平腹腔化疗较静脉化疗低（0．05＜P＜0．1）。结论：腹腔化疗化静脉化疗对机体免疫的影响小,提倡多疗程的腹腔化疗。     

雷尼替丁对大肠癌患者术后细胞免疫的调节作用

３１例大肠癌根治性切除患者随机分为两组，对照分析了围手术期应用雷尼替丁对大肠癌患者术后细胞免疫的影响，结果发现：雷尼替丁治疗组术后无一例发生感染并发症，而未用药手术组术后３例发生切口感染，两组间存在明显差异。术后７天两组病人外周血ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８及ＮＫ细胞活性均有不同程度下降，血清ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ上升，至术后１４天，上述免疫指标均有不同程度恢复；但雷尼替丁治疗组明显优于对照组。本     

中药对大肠癌化疗期间免疫功能的影响

为观察中药对大肠癌化疗期间免疫功能的影响，选取４７例术后病理证实的大肠癌患者在化疗时联合中药治疗。治疗结束后，对照组细胞和体液免疫功能均有下降，观察组免疫功能不仅没有降低，且较治疗前均有不同程度的提高。认为中药能够缓解化疗造成的免疫抑制，并能促进大肠癌患者免疫功能增强。     

大肠癌术中腹腔内温热灌注化疗的临床意义

中晚期大肠癌术中腹腔内温热灌注化疗是把手术、热疗和化疗三者结合一体并用的新技术.此法操作简易、安全可行,是控制大肠癌术后局部复发和远处转移的一种好方法.结合文献和作者体会,对术中腹腔内温热灌注化疗的理论依据、具体方法、临床效果、副反应及并发症等加以总结.     

Failure Analysis of Recurrent Disease Following Complete Cytoreduction and Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Patients with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Colorectal Cancer

Background The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomic distribution, timing, and outcomes of recurrent disease after complete cytoreduction and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (PIC) for peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal origin. Methods Data regarding all patients who underwent complete cytoreduction and PIC for carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer were extracted from a prospectively collected database. The information regarding recurrent disease found on diagnostic evaluation and/or abdominal exploration was analyzed. Results Seventy patients underwent complete cytoreduction and perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and 49 of them had documented recurrent disease. The median time to progression for these 49 patients was 9 months while their median survival was 30 months. Eighteen patients had a localized intra-abdominal recurrence, 10 had diffuse intraperitoneal recurrence, 10 had isolated distant metastases, and 11 had a combination of distant metastases and intra-abdominal recurrence. There was a statistically significant difference in survival for patients with different patterns of recurrence (P = .012). Twenty-six patients underwent a second operation. The median survival of these patients was significantly longer than that of patients who did not have a second operation (39 vs 20 months, P = .0003). Four of the 49 patients with recurrences were still alive at the time of last follow-up, and three of them have no evidence of disease 73, 96, and 206 months after the diagnosis of recurrence. Conclusions Recurrence is a frequent event after optimal cytoreduction and PIC for carcinomatosis from colorectal cancer. Surgical treatment for a selected group of patients with recurrent disease may result in long-term survival.     

Selection of Patients with Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis for Cytoreductive Surgery and Perioperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy

Background Cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been suggested as a treatment option for patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, the survival benefit is achieved at the expense of moderate to high perioperative morbidity and mortality. Methods This review summarized the important prognostic factors for survival; outlined the patient selection process from major peritonectomy centers, paying particular attention to preoperative evaluation; and identified areas for potential improvement. Emphasis was placed on a strict patient selection process to avoid futile aggressive treatments. Results Currently, contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and laparoscopy have been utilized in the preoperative evaluation process to identify potential surgical candidates. Patients with good performance status, low volume of peritoneal disease, and absence of extra-abdominal metastases are more likely to benefit from the combined treatment. Conclusions Quantitative assessment of the extent of disease is possible and should be performed at the time of primary cancer operation. Careful selection of patients to identify surgical candidates with favorable prognostic indicators is important.     

老年结直肠癌手术前后免疫功能的变化

目的　探讨老年结直肠癌病人手术前后免疫状况的变化。方法　对我院 6 0岁以上行根治性手术的 6 8例结直肠癌病人进行手术前后细胞免疫和体液免疫的检测 ,并将之与健康老年对照组和年轻结直肠癌病例进行比较。结果　老年结直肠癌病人手术前CD4、CD4 /CD8和NK细胞水平低于健康老年人群和年轻病人 ,而CD8、TNF α和SIL 2R水平较健康老年人群和年轻病人明显增高。手术后 2周年轻病人的CD4、CD4 /CD8和NK细胞水平较手术前升高 ,CD8、TNF α和SIL 2R水平降低 ;而老年病人除TNF α和SIL 2R水平显著降低外 ,各项免疫学指标无显著变化。老年结直肠癌病人手术前IgM、IgA和IgG水平低于健康老年人群。手术后 2周年轻病人的IgM、IgA、C3 和C4水平增高 ,而老年病人较术前无变化。结论　针对老年病人的免疫特点 ,加强围手术期处理 ,改善老人的营养情况 ,必要时结合有效的生物治疗 ,及时提高病人的免疫功能 ,预防术后肿瘤复发     

多学科协作诊治模式下老年结直肠癌患者应用新辅助化疗联合手术治疗的临床效果

目的探讨在多学科协作（multi—disciplinary team，MDT）诊治模式下，新辅助化疗联合手术的综合治疗策略在老年人群中应用的安全性和临床差异性。方法回顾性研究2007年6月～12月期间就诊于四川大学华西医院肛肠外科专业组的结直肠癌患者的资料，分析比较老年组（≥60岁）和非老年组（〈60岁）之间应用综合治疗策略的临床疗效差异。结果在术前指标中，老年组患者合并心血管系统、内分泌系统以及其他系统疾病的构成比均明显高于非老年组（P〈0．05），其中老年组术前患有高血压和糖尿病患者的构成比均明显高于非老年组（P〈0．05），其余术前指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。各项术中指标的差异在2组间均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。而在术后指标中，老年组术后并发症发生率高于非老年组（P〈0．05），老年组患者术后拔除胃管、尿管和引流管的时间和非老年组之间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；同时老年组患者术后进食时间、经肛门排气／排便时间以及下床活动时间与非老年组比较，差异也无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在化疗相关并发症方面，2组间差异也无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论尽管老年患者可能术前基础情况更差、治疗难度更大，但新辅助化疗联合手术的综合治疗策略并不会导致老年组患者手术治疗的延误，而且手术干预过程中的术式选择也并不会受到影响，术后近期治疗效果满意。因此在老年群体中应用该策略是具有一定临床效果和安全性的。     

Use of an Implantable Catheter System for Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Ovarian Cancer

Abstract: To check the efficiency of intraperitoneal chemotherapy of ovarian carcinomas, 15 patients were treated with instillations of mitoxantrone or cisplatinum. An implantable catheter system was used to access the abdominal cavity. Local therapy proved to be without any effect when large tumor masses were treated. Patients with small tumor residues after surgery did not benefit either, partly because of extraperitoneal progress of the disease. Patients without evidence of disease proved to be stable. Side effects of the therapy were usually mild compared with those of systemic chemotherapy. Access to the peritoneal cavity with the implantable catheter proved to be safe and reliable.     

腹腔化疗在大肠癌术后的疗效观察

目的:观察腹腔化疗预防大肠癌术后腹腔局部复发和肝转移的疗效.方法:治疗组80例,应用埋藏式化疗泵行腹腔和静脉化疗;对照组102例单纯静脉化疗.结果:治疗组术后腹腔局部复发和肝转移率低于对照组,2年生存率高于对照组.结论:大肠癌术后早期腹腔化疗可有效预防腹腔局部复发和肝转移,提高术后生存率.     

Recurrences after Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Origin Treated by Cytoreduction and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: Location,Treatment, and Outcome

Background: After treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer origin by cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), recurrences develop in approximately 80% of patients. This study evaluates the outcome of such recurrences after initial treatment by cytoreduction and HIPEC.Methods: Between November 1995 and May 2003, 106 patients underwent cytoreduction and HIPEC. The progression-free interval, the location of the recurrence, and its treatment were recorded. Factors potentially related to survival after recurrences were studied.Results: Sixty-nine patients had a recurrence within the study period. For patients who had undergone a gross incomplete initial cytoreduction, the median duration of survival after recurrence was 3.7 months (standard error of the mean [SE], .3). If a complete cytoreduction had been accomplished initially, the median duration of survival after the recurrence was 11.1 months (SE, .9). A shorter interval between HIPEC and recurrence was associated with shorter survival after treatment of recurrence (hazard ratio, .94; SE, .02). After effective initial treatment, a second surgical debulking for recurrent disease resulted in a median survival duration of 10.3 months (SE, 1.9), and after treatment with chemotherapy it was 8.5 months (SE, 1.6). The survival was 11.2 months (SE, .5) for patients who received radiotherapy for recurrent disease. Patients who did not receive further treatment survived 1.9 months (SE, .3).Conclusions: Treatment of recurrence after cytoreduction and HIPEC is often feasible and seems worthwhile in selected patients. Selection should be based mainly on the completeness of initial cytoreduction and the interval between HIPEC and recurrence.     

Effect of Surgical Stress on Immune Function in Patients with Urologic Cancer

Background: To determine the immunosuppressive effect of surgery for urologic cancers, multiple variables of immune function were measured serially before and after operation in patients with urologic cancer.
Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained before operation and at postoperative day 7 and 14 from 20 patients with bladder cancer, renal pelvic, or ureteral cancer, or renal cell carcinoma.
Results: In patients with bladder cancer who were undergoing radical cystectomy with use of intestine for urinary diversion, the serum level of immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) increased, and serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, and IgM decreased after operation. In contrast, the number of CD25+ lymphocytes significantly increased. Transurethral resection of bladder cancer also resulted in an increase in serum IAP level, however, the number of CD4+ and human leukocyte-associated HLA-DR+ lymphocytes increased. In patients with renal pelvic or ureteral cancer undergoing nephroureterectomy with cuff, the level of serum IAP increased and serum IgG level decreased after operation. By contrast, the number of CD3+ lymphocytes increased. In patients with renal cell carcinoma, radical nephrectomy led to a significant increase in the number of CD8+ lymphocytes.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that surgical stress in patients with urologic cancer may result in both suppression and stimulation of host immunity.     

Surgical Debulking and Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Established Peritoneal Metastases From Colon and Appendix Cancer

Background: Aggressive treatment of peritoneal metastases from colon cancer by surgical cytoreduction and infusional intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy may benefit selected patients. We reviewed our institutional experience to assess patient selection, complications, and outcome.Methods: Patients having surgical debulking and IP 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine (FUDR) plus leucovorin (LV) for peritoneal metastases from 1987 to 1999 were evaluated retrospectively.Results: There were 64 patients with a mean age of 50 years. Primary tumor sites were 47 in the colon and 17 in the appendix. Peritoneal metastases were synchronous in 48 patients and metachronous in 16 patients. Patients received IP FUDR (1000 mg/m² daily for 3 days) and IP leucovorin (240 mg/m²) with a median cycle number of 4 (range, 1–28). The median number of complications was 1 (range, 0–5), with no treatment related mortality. Only six patients (9%) required termination of IP chemotherapy because of complications. The median follow-up was 17 months (range, 0–132 months). The median survival was 34 months (range, 2–132); 5-year survival was 28%. Lymph node status, tumor grade, and interval to peritoneal metastasis were not statistically significant prognostic factors for survival. Complete tumor resection was significant on multivariate analysis (P = .04), with a 5-year survival of 54% for complete (n = 19) and 16% for incomplete (n = 45) resection.Conclusions: Surgical debulking and IP FUDR for peritoneal metastases from colon cancer can be accomplished safely and has yielded an overall 5-year survival of 28%. Complete resection is associated with improved survival (54% at 5 years) and is the most important prognostic indicator.Presented in part at the 54th Annual Cancer Symposium of the Society of Surgical Oncology, Washington, DC, March 15–18, 2001.