前臂桡侧皮瓣与股前外侧皮瓣修复半舌缺损的比较研究

目的：分析比较前臂桡侧皮瓣与股前外侧皮瓣在修复半舌缺损后的舌功能恢复和供受区并发症情况。方法：2008年7月-2012年11月,23例舌癌患者接受肿瘤扩大切除,遗留的半舌缺损,14例采用前臂桡侧皮瓣修复,供区伤口取腹部全厚皮片移植修复;9例采用股前外侧皮瓣修复。术后4~6个月,对每例患者的吞咽功能、语言清晰度和供受区并发症等情况进行随访分析。结果：前臂桡侧皮瓣组和股前外侧皮瓣组患者吞咽功能和语言清晰度均恢复良好,两组之间无显著差异。在受区,前臂桡侧皮瓣组有1例出现全部皮瓣坏死;股前外侧皮瓣组有1例出现小部分皮瓣坏死,1例出现口颈瘘。在供区,前臂桡侧皮瓣组有4例出现移植皮片部分坏死,1例伤口部分裂开,12例出现明显的瘢痕,9例局部麻木,3例手臂功能障碍;股前外侧皮瓣组有1例局部麻木,1例出现明显的瘢痕,均未出现运动功能障碍。前臂桡侧皮瓣组供区并发症明显多于股前外侧皮瓣组。结论：股前外侧皮瓣可获得的血管蒂长、管径大、供区并发症少,是半舌缺损较理想的修复组织瓣。     

前臂桡侧游离皮瓣在口腔颌面外科的应用——附725例临床分析

目的详细阐述前臂桡侧游离皮瓣的应用解剖、制作技术、在口腔颌面外科的应用及新近研究进展。方法对我科自１９７９年以来，７２５例应用前臂桡侧游离皮瓣修复口腔颌面部各类缺损的病例，进行了临床分析。结果前臂桡侧游离皮瓣质地优良、血供可靠已及切取方便，总成功率达９６．６％；主要缺点是牺牲前臂的一条主供血管—桡动脉，供区疤痕明显，影响美观。结论前臂桡侧游离皮瓣是口腔颌面外科应用最多皮瓣，也是修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损的首选皮瓣。     

前臂尺侧游离皮瓣在舌再造中的应用

目的：探讨用前臂尺侧游离皮瓣修复舌缺损的效果及切取皮瓣后对手功能的影响,方法：对15例舌癌术后用前臂尺侧游离皮瓣即刻修复舌缺损,术后观察成功率,舌的外形,活动度及粘膜化情况,对手术前后左右手小指及无名指的两点触觉进行比较。结果：15例用前臂尺侧游离皮瓣修复舌缺损的皮瓣全部成活,舌外形,活动度及粘膜化均满意,术前和术后双手小指和无名指二点触觉及痛觉未见明显差异,而10例桡侧皮瓣的患者中有3例半年内拇指和食指有不同程度的感觉迟钝,结论．：前臂尺侧游离皮瓣由于位置较桡侧隐蔽,质地更细腻,切取后对拇指及食指掌侧的感觉功能无影响,该皮瓣不失为舌缺损修复再造的首选皮瓣之一。     

前臂尺侧游离皮瓣在口腔颌面外科的应用——附30例临床报道

目的详细阐明前臂尺侧游离皮瓣的应用解剖、制做技术及在口腔颌面外科的应用。方法对３０例前臂尺侧游离皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损的病例，进行了临床回顾性分析。结果前臂尺侧游离皮瓣具有较薄、柔软、弹性好且与面部的色泽相近的优点。它血管蒂长、口径较粗，适合与口腔颌面部的血管吻合。与前臂桡侧游离皮瓣相比，它的供区疤痕相对隐蔽，本组成功率为９０％。主要不足是损失了前臂一条主要供应血管一尺动脉。结论当某种原因，前臂桡侧游离皮瓣不能切取，如桡动脉阻塞，近期曾行桡部静脉穿刺或经该静脉行化疗，这时前臂尺侧游离皮瓣不失为口腔颌面部软组织缺损游离修复的最佳选择。     

适形前臂桡侧皮瓣修复面颊部软组织缺损的效果评价

目的：评价适形前臂桡侧皮瓣游离移植修复面颊部不规则皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果。方法：选择2020年1月—2021年12月徐州市中心医院收治的面颊部外伤或肿瘤导致的不规则皮肤软组织缺损患者9例,设计个性化、适形前臂桡侧皮瓣游离修复缺损区,观察患者术后短期内皮瓣修复效果及患者满意度,应用抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)及焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)评估患者手术前后心理状态。采用SPSS 20.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果：术后皮瓣均顺利存活,术后2周患者SDS评分、SAS评分显著低于术前(P<0.05)。8例患者的皮瓣与周围皮肤组织厚度、色泽无明显差异,无牵拉及不对称,外观与功能修复效果满意,满意度为88.89%。结论：利用适形前臂桡侧皮瓣游离修复面颊部不规则软组织缺损效果良好,术后短期内患者焦虑和抑郁评分改善明显,满意度高,值得临床应用。     

应用近红外光谱监测前臂皮瓣供区术后血运变化

目的：利用近红外光谱技术对前臂皮瓣供区术前及术后的血氧饱和度（SO2）进行监测,总结前臂桡侧皮瓣制备术后供区SO2的变化规律,探讨前臂桡侧皮瓣制备术对供区血运的影响。方法：临床上接受前臂皮瓣制备术的患者35例,选择前掌大鱼际、小鱼际作为前臂皮瓣供区监测部位。自术前1天至术后第7天,用近红外光谱血氧检测仪（TSAH-100）对供区和对侧相同监测部位的SO2进行监测,术后24 h内每4 h 1次,术后24 h后每天2次,持续至术后第7天。采用SPSS13.0软件包对大鱼际和小鱼际的SO2进行配对t检验,分析两者之间的差异。结果：前臂皮瓣供区大鱼际和小鱼际的SO2均呈现由低于对侧水平上升至高于对侧水平,然后逐渐下降至术前初始水平的变化特点。供区小鱼际SO2在术后20 h达到峰值,与对侧小鱼际相比有显著差异（P〈0.05）。供区大鱼际SO2在术后24 h达到峰值,术后12 h和术后48 h与对侧相差幅度较大,有显著差异（P〈0.05）。术后第7天,供区大鱼际和小鱼际SO2较对侧无显著差异（P〉0.05）。结论：前臂桡侧皮瓣制备术对其供区组织的血运产生了一定程度的影响。在无桡动脉和头静脉变异的情况下,桡动脉与尺动脉之间的交通支循环能保证前臂桡侧皮瓣术后供区的血流灌注量,其血运在术后6~7 d内基本恢复至术前状态。     

两种术式前臂皮瓣术后前臂供区恢复的比较

目的:比较两种类型的前臂皮瓣桡侧术后前臂供区恢复的情况.方法:回顾我院44例因口腔颌面部肿瘤致术后缺损经游离前臂皮瓣修复的患者.皮瓣由同一经验丰富的医师制取.按照制取皮瓣的方法分为传统的前臂皮瓣(A组),以下简称传统组,改良的前臂皮瓣(B组),以下简称改良组,对其术后半年、术后1年进行随访,针对制取皮瓣的手术时间、皮片...     

前臂桡侧皮瓣在口腔颌面外科的应用——附57例临床分析

目的：总结应用前臂桡侧皮瓣修复口腔颌面部缺损的经验。方法：对我科57例应用前臂桡侧皮瓣修复口腔颌面部各类缺损的病例进行临床分析。结果：前臂桡侧皮瓣具有许多符合口腔颌面部修复要求的优点，有多种用途和应用方法，修复效果满意，本组57例修复成功率98．2％。缺点是供区遗有疤痕，影响外观。结论：前臂桡侧皮瓣是一个多能优良皮瓣，适合于口腔颌面部各个解剖区域软组织缺损的修复。     

前臂桡侧游离皮瓣修复口腔颌面软组织缺损的体会-附92例报告

目的总结用前臂桡侧游离皮瓣修复口腔颌面软组织缺损的经验。方法对我科92例应用前臂桡侧游离皮瓣修复口腔颌面软组织缺损的病例进行临床分析。结果前臂桡侧游离皮瓣具有许多符合口腔颌面部修复要求的优点,本组92例的成功率为95.7%;修复口内缺损时注意皮瓣下勿留有死腔,保持局部引流通畅,否则易导致感染发生。结论前臂桡侧游离皮瓣是一种多功能的优良皮瓣,适合修复口腔颌面部各个解剖区域的软组织缺损。     

前臂皮瓣与胸大肌皮瓣在口腔癌手术缺损修复中的应用

目的:观察前臂皮瓣和胸大肌皮瓣修复口腔癌手术缺损的治疗效果。方法:30例口腔癌患者在常规联合根治术后,随机分为A、B组,每组15例。A组采用前臂桡侧皮瓣游离移植同期修复口腔癌术后口腔颌面部缺损,B组采用胸大肌皮瓣同期修复口腔癌术后口腔颌面部组织缺损;对比两组的修复效果。结果:A组13例(86.67%)前臂皮瓣顺利成活,B组皮瓣成活率100%。A组中有6例患者虎口感觉消失、4例患者供区颜色极深或极浅;B组中有4例女性患者术后两侧乳房不对称。结论:前臂皮瓣和胸大肌皮瓣修复口腔癌手术缺损均具有较高的成功率,两种皮瓣均适用于口腔癌手术缺损修复。     

前臂Kiss皮瓣设计及其应用价值探讨

目的 对传统前臂皮瓣制备实施改进,寻求符合几何原则的供区直接关闭而免于植皮的制备方法。方法 13例口腔癌原发灶切除后,前臂皮瓣同期修复重建。皮瓣外形设计为展翼式2个亚单位Kiss皮瓣,两亚单位长轴相交呈V字形,皮瓣切取后周边存留组织形成V-Y几何形态。Kiss皮瓣亚单位的长度和宽度根据受区面积大小做适当调整。皮瓣切取后将两个亚单位拼接,经血管吻合移植重建口腔肿瘤切除后的创面,供区按V-Y成形直接拉拢缝合关闭。结果 前臂Kiss皮瓣两个亚单位经拼接后的面积可以达到传统前臂皮瓣制备的面积;皮瓣供区均能一期关闭而无需植皮;2个亚单位均能获得独立血供而成活。结论 前臂2个亚单位Kiss皮瓣设计,V-Y成形直接关闭供区而无需植皮,避免了取皮创伤和植皮区的瘢痕形成,提高了美学效果,值得推广应用。     

对偶三角瓣联合原位小面积全厚皮片修复前臂游离皮瓣供区缺损

目的: 介绍一种对偶三角瓣联合原位小面积全厚皮片修复前臂游离皮瓣供区缺损的方法。方法: 对25例口腔鳞癌患者行前臂游离皮瓣修复肿瘤切除术后缺损,在制备前臂游离皮瓣的同时,进行供区对偶三角瓣及邻近小面积全厚皮片的设计和制取,原位修复供区缺损。结果: 25例前臂供区缺损均成功采用供区对偶三角瓣联合原位小面积全厚皮片修复。用于关闭前臂供区缺损的邻近全厚皮片均存活,创口愈合良好,无迟发性创面破裂,未发生供区严重并发症。取瓣侧手臂肘腕关节运动正常,掌部血运正常,前臂皮瓣供区缺损修复区域与周围组织皮肤色泽接近,无凹陷畸形,无挛缩畸形。与腹部取皮组相比,前臂邻近皮片修复组在术后肿胀和腕关节运动没有明显差异的情况下,瘢痕感染几率减少,肌腱外露风险降低,大大提高了前臂术区的美观性。结论: 改良供区对偶三角瓣联合邻近全厚皮片修复技术减少了术中和术后恢复时间,避免第三术区的创伤,值得在临床上应用。     

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??The ulnar forearm perforator flap has been used for reconstruction of various oral and maxillofacial-head and neck defects for about 30 years. Besides having the advantages of radial forearm perforator flap??the ulnar forearm perforator flap has some other advantages??including the possibility of direct closure of the donor defect??reduced morbidity??excellent donor site cosmesis??less hairy skin of the transplant and flexible design of the skin island??and independent skin islands may be created as required. These characteristics make it appropriate for patients to accept. Clinically??different sizes of flaps can be selected according to the size of the defected site. Because of the high survival rate and low donor-site morbidity??and its advantages in beauty and function??the ulnar forearm perforator flap plays a very important role in the repair of oral and maxillofacial-head and neck defects.     

游离前臂皮瓣移植术后对手功能影响的研究

目的 探讨口腔颌面部软组织缺损应用前臂游离皮瓣修复后对手功能的影响。方法 选择36例行游离前臂皮瓣移植的患者,评估患者左手臂的手功能,包括皮温、肘关节与腕关节屈伸度、握力值、末梢指甲微循环测试、冷、热觉、痛觉及外形美观评价。选择患者的右侧手臂作为对照,进行相同测试。进行同一患者左右侧对比分析,统计学方法采用配对t检验和秩和检验。结果 患者左右手的握力不存在显著差异;前臂皮瓣供瓣区的感觉功能较对侧有显著差异;5例左手虎口区有麻木感的患者左虎口区的感觉功能较对侧有显著差异,其余31例患者左手虎口区的感觉功能较对侧无显著差异;左手皮温,末梢指甲微循环及肘关节、腕关节屈伸度的检查结果与对侧相比无显著差异。结论 游离前臂皮瓣移植修复虽需牺牲桡动脉这一前臂主要供血动脉,但通过尺动脉的代偿作用及侧枝循环的完善,患者手部的血供仍然可以得到保证。配合术中小心操作,避免神经的损伤,那么将对前臂中远期运动功能及感觉功能无明显影响。     

Comparison of reliability between the modified groin flap and the forearm flap in oral reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: The groin flap has the advantage of minimum donor-site morbidity, while having the disadvantage of short vascular pedicle of small caliber. Modification of the groin flap has improved the former disadvantage, but the latter one remains. The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability of the modified groin flap with the forearm flap.Study Design: Eleven modified groin flaps and 40 forearm flaps consecutively performed by a single surgeon in a hospital for patients with oral cancer were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The rate of total flap loss in the modified groin flap group (8.3%) was higher than that in the forearm flap group (2.5%). The rates of partial flap loss in both flaps were similar to those of total flap loss. The failures of the modified groin flap and the forearm flap were due to arterial and venous complications, respectively. CONCLUSION: The modified groin flap appears to be a little less reliable than is forearm flap; nevertheless, it could be a good option for patients who desire less conspicuous postoperative scars.     

Hand perfusion following radial or ulnar forearm free flap harvest for oral cavity reconstruction: A prospective study

The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) and ulnar forearm free flap (UFFF) are used in head and neck reconstruction because they provide a thin and pliable skin paddle as well as a long vascular pedicle. However, in spite of several studies showing the safety of the UFFF, the RFFF is more popular among reconstructive surgeons based on concerns about hand ischaemia. A prospective study was designed in which 10 UFFF and 11 RFFF surgeries were performed in 20 patients undergoing oral cavity reconstruction between January 2017 and July 2018. Hand vascular parameters were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using Doppler ultrasound and plethysmography. The preoperative and postoperative diameters of the radial and ulnar arteries, and the flow velocities through the remainder of the forearm artery were measured preoperatively and at 3 months postoperative. Additionally, a comparison was performed between the preoperative and postoperative fingertip perfusion values according to impedance plethysmography. The preoperative mean diameter of the radial artery (2.89 ± 0.47 mm) was significantly greater than that of the ulnar artery (2.35 ± 0.48 mm) at the level of the wrist; however, 3 months after the surgery, the mean diameters of the two arteries did not differ significantly. There were no differences in digital perfusion when a UFFF was used compared with an RFFF.     

The radial forearm flap in intraoral reconstruction after a pull-through operation.

Free fasciocutaneous forearm flaps, based on the radial artery, were used to replace the tissue defect caused by pull-through operations for cancer of the floor of the mouth in 11 patients. There was no total or partial flap failure. The greatest advantage of the method is that restriction of the tongue movement is less when compared with the results of other methods. The thin forearm flaps are adaptable and pliable. The newly developed lower alveolar crest and the sublingual sulcus make prosthetic rehabilitation possible.     

前臂皮瓣修复舌缺损感觉功能恢复的研究

目的:观察非感觉性游离桡侧前臂皮瓣修复舌缺损术后感觉功能的恢复情况。方法:追踪65例舌癌扩大切除同期行游离前臂皮瓣修复术患者,术后6～12个月复查,检测皮瓣的触觉、两点辨别觉、痛觉(钝锐觉)、方向觉和冷热觉的恢复情况。结果:29例皮瓣(44.6%)至少3/4面积有感觉恢复,32例皮瓣(50%)有部分感觉恢复,4例皮瓣(6.3%)无感觉恢复。结论:非感觉性游离前臂皮瓣修复舌缺损后可自行恢复感觉功能。放疗可能减缓甚至阻碍皮瓣感觉功能的恢复。