Herbst双期拔牙矫治对颞下颌关节位置影响的CBCT研究

目的:探讨Herbst双期拔牙矫治对颞下颌关节位置关系的影响.方法:纳入15例恒牙列早期安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)下颌后缩患者,一期矫治采用Herbst矫治器,然后拔除每位患者的4个前磨牙;二期矫治采用edgewise固定矫治器.在Herbst矫治器矫治前两周(T1期)、Herbst矫治器初戴入矫治时(T2期)、Herbst矫治器拆除时(T3期)及二期固定矫治器拆除时(T4期)分别拍摄锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography,CBCT).应用InvivoDental软件对CBCT图像进行三维重建,再对颞下颌关节间隙进行测量,并进行统计分析.结果:T1-T2-T3期,关节前间隙先减小后增大,关节上间隙、关节后间隙先增大后减小;T3-T4期,关节上、后间隙进一步减小,关节前间隙无明显变化;与T1期比,T4各关节间隙的变化均无明显差异.结论:髁突在关节窝中的位置在Herbst矫治开始时向前下移位,一期功能矫治结束时尤其双期矫治结束时几乎回到了治疗前的位置.     

正畸治疗对颞下颌关节影响的锥形束CT研究进展

颞下颌关节可随正畸治疗进行改建,应用锥形束CT(cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)可有效、准确地对正畸治疗前后颞下颌关节影像进行测量分析.文章就颞下颌关节的CBCT检查及应用CBCT对正畸治疗前后颞下颌关节变化的相关研究做一综述,以期为临床治疗方案的制定、矫治方法的选择、治疗时机的确...     

锥形束CT在颞下颌关节紊乱病中的应用

锥形束CT可提供高分辨率的三维影像信息,在临床牙科领域巳得到广泛应用,为提高临床诊疗水平发挥了一定作用。锥形束CT在颞下颌关节疾病中主要用于颞下颌关节紊乱病的检查,本文就近些年锥形束CT技术在颞下颌关节紊乱病中的应用综述如下。     

应用锥形束CT诊断颞下颌关节骨关节病的探讨

目的探讨锥形束CT（cone beam CT，CBCT）在颞下颌关节骨关节病诊断中的应用前景。方法临床诊断为颞下颌关节骨关节病（炎）、不可复（可复）性盘前移位伴骨关节病患者共48例（96侧关节）。48例同时拍摄经咽侧位x线平片和CBCT，比较两种x线检查方法的病变检出率、医师判断的重复性和一致性。结果颞下颌关节骨关节病x线表现分为6型：髁突表面皮质骨模糊消失型（I型）、表面缺损破坏型（Ⅱ型）、髁突磨平型（Ⅲ型）、骨质硬化型（IV型）、骨质增生型（V型）、囊样变型（Ⅵ型）。CBCT的检出率分别为65．63％、37．50％、27．08％、31．25％、28．13％、1．04％；经咽侧位x线平片的检出率分别为52．08％、19．79％、32．29％、23．96％、12．50％、2．08％。对每一型病变的程度和范围，同一医师两次判断或不同医师之间，对I、Ⅱ型病变的评判，经咽侧位x线平片和CBCT均有高度的一致性，Kappa值大于0．60。结论除Ⅲ型外，CBCT对每一类型的病变均有很高的检出率，所显示的病变及其部位清晰、明确。CBCT清晰的病变影像、明确的病变部位和显示多层面病变的优势，使其有望成为颞下颌关节骨关节病判定病变程度、预后以及药物治疗后效果的定量评价手段。     

单侧有多种症状的颞下颌关节紊乱患者双侧关节锥形束CT对比研究

目的:探讨单侧有多种症状的颞下颌关节紊乱(temporomandibular disorders,TMD)患者双侧颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)在锥形束CT(cone-beam computed tomography,CBCT)成像上可能存在差异的参考层面,为TMD诊断和对比研究提供参考.方法:选取仅一侧TMJ有多种症状的TMD患者(不含仅有一种症状的病例)50例,通过CBCT三维成像和重建,观察比较同一患者两侧TMJ重建后横断面的水平角;平行于髁突长轴的斜位关节间隙、髁突长轴径值、髁突垂直角;垂直于髁突长轴的斜位与矢状位的关节结节斜度、关节窝深度和关节间隙,采用SPSS 13.0软件包对每例患者上述各测量指标进行两配对样本t检验.结果:两侧TMJ在矢状位60°关节间隙时的测量值差异显著(P＜0.05),平行位120°关节间隙、矢状位90°关节间隙时的测量值差异显著(P＜0.01),其余测量值均无显著差异.结论:对于单侧有多种症状的TMD患者,矢状位或垂直位是较易观察到两侧关节有差异的位置,在这一层面重建意义较大.     

Herbst矫治器治疗与颞下颌关节改建

本文综述了使用Herbst矫治器对颞下颌关节（TMJ）的髁突、关节窝和关节盘的影响,并探讨了使用Herbst矫治器是否会导致颞下颌关节紊乱（TMD）的问题。这有利于正畸医生正确理解功能性矫治器与TMJ的关系,以指导选择矫治时机的适应性。     

锥形束CT在颞下颌关节疾病诊治中的应用进展

锥形束CT（CBCT）凭借其分辨率高、价格低廉、操作方便、放射剂量低、扫描时间短等优点已广泛应用到口腔医学的众多领域中,为口腔颌面部疾病的诊治提供了有效的辅助检查手段。本文就CBCT在颞下颌关节区域检查的优势、可靠性以及CBCT在颞下颌关节疾病诊治中的应用进展作一综述。     

Herbst矫治器治疗与颞下颌关节改建

本文综述了使用Herbst矫治器对颞下颌关节(TMJ)的髁突、关节窝和关节盘的影响,并探讨了使用Herbst矫治器是否会导致颞下颌关节紊乱(TMD)的问题。这有利于正畸医生正确理解功能性矫治器与TMJ的关系,以指导选择矫治时机和适应证。     

磨牙症患者颞下颌关节结构的锥形束CT测量分析研究

目的:了解磨牙症患者的颞下颌关节三维位置并分析变化特征。方法:对45例口腔门诊磨牙症患者的病例资料、其颞下颌关节锥形束CT图像中关节间隙及位置进行定量测量研究,并进行统计分析和评价。结果:获得了不同三维层面关节间隙及位置的测量值。矢状方向分析:90侧关节,30.5%处于后位,27.8%处于前位;冠状方向:双侧关节近中、冠中、远中间隙测量结果对应比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);水平方向:左右侧髁突角度比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:磨牙症患者对TMJ结构位置产生影响,在矢状位方向存在髁突非中性移位。     

Herbst矫治器对颞下颌关节生长量和方向变化的影响

Herbst矫治器可以有效治疗安氏Ⅱ类错胎，该矫治器可使髁突生长量增加，关节窝改建前移，令髁突在关节窝中前移而达到矫治目的。本实验旨在于运用头影测量方法对接受Herbst矫治器治疗的患者进行长期追踪，分别研究髁突和关节窝改建量和方向以及它们的综合效应。     

颞下颌关节骨关节病不同分期的锥形束CT三维位置比较

目的 探讨颞下颌关节骨关节病（TMJOA）患者在不同骨关节病分期髁突三维影像学特征的差异。方法 以2005年马绪臣等提出的骨关节病X线表现分期为标准,将108例TMJOA患者（骨关节病组）的锥形束CT（CBCT）检查结果分为4期,对照组为28例仅存在间隙改变的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者;评价TMJOA CBCT征象不同分期时髁突的矢状面位置,并对2组的髁突水平角进行比较。结果 TMJOA不同分期髁突矢状面位置无统计学差异,但髁突水平角有统计学差异（F=3.872,P=0.005）,进一步两两分析表明,第1期髁突水平角低于第2和3期（P=0.027,P= 0.000）;第2期对照组髁突水平角低于第3期（P=0.004,P=0.047）。结论 TMJOA患者在不同分期时髁突矢状面位置差异不明显,但髁突水平角存在差异,该角度的变化对TMJOA的分期有一定提示意义。     

颞下颌关节髁突囊样变的锥形束CT影像特点

目的 利用口腔颌面锥形束CT观察髁突囊样变的影像学表现,探讨囊样变的影像特点并加以分类。方法 收集颞下颌关节锥形束CT影像学表现有囊样变的194例患者,观察并记录囊样变的部位、大小、数量、边缘骨白线、周围骨小梁结构、髁突整体骨质情况。根据髁突整体骨质情况,将髁突囊样变分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,比较其发生的部位、数量、边缘骨白线以及周围骨小梁结构情况。结果 194例患者的198侧关节发现囊样变表现,94例位于左侧关节,96例位于右侧关节,4例位于双侧关节。50.0%（99侧）的囊样变位于髁突前外侧皮质骨下方;囊样变直径最小1.2 mm,最大13.5 mm,平均（3.4±1.5）mm;75.3%（149侧）为单发囊样变;62.6%（124侧）存在完整的骨白线包绕;80.8%（160侧）周围骨小梁结构有骨质硬化。66.7%（132侧）囊样变髁突表现有晚期骨关节病征象,5.1%（10侧）囊样变髁突表现有早期骨关节病征象,28.3%（56侧）髁突除囊样变外无其他明显骨质改变。Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型髁突囊样变在发生部位、数量和周围骨小梁结构方面存在差异,Ⅰ型髁突囊样变较多发和骨质硬化,Ⅱ型髁突囊样变发生于髁突内部或髁突颈部较多。结论 Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型髁突囊样变在发生部位、数量和周围骨小梁结构存在不同,这可能与其病因及形成机制不同有关。     

Cone beam computed tomography in craniofacial imaging

Cone beam computed tomography (CT) has the potential to reduce the size and cost of CT scanners. Because this emerging technology produces images with isotropic submillimeter spatial resolution, it is ideally suited for dedicated dentomaxillofacial CT scanning. When combined with application-specific software tools, cone beam computed tomography can provide dentomaxillofacial practitioners with a complete solution for performing specific diagnostic and surgical tasks, such as dental implant planning. In this paper, we provide a brief overview of cone beam scanning technology and compare it with the fan beam scanning used in conventional CT scanners. We introduce 'DentoCAT', a relatively small, low-cost cone beam CT scanner dedicated for dentomaxillofacial imaging developed at Xoran Technologies. We present images generated by the DentoCAT scanner and provide an assessment of its performance in terms of spatial resolution and effective radiation dose. Finally, we illustrate the clinical utility of the scanner by presenting the results we have obtained to date using the DentoCAT scanner in conjunction with an implant planning software tool.     

Correlation between bony changes measured with cone beam computed tomography and clinical dysfunction index in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis

ObjectivesTo investigate the correlation between clinical dysfunction index (Di) and condylar bony changes, glenoid fossa bony changes and joint space changes.MethodsClinical data and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 240 patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) were analyzed. The patients were assigned a score of Helkimo's clinical Di ranging from 1 to 25 and thereafter divided into 3 groups by the degree of Helkimo's Di. The condylar bony changes observed with CBCT were graded by the classification method of Koyama et al. Glenoid fossa bony changes and joint space changes were both classified as “positive” or “negative”. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to correlate the score or degree of Helkimo's Di with the maximum condylar bony changes, glenoid fossa bony changes, and joint space changes.ResultsThere was a significant correlation between the Helkimo's Di score and the maximum condylar bony changes (P ≤ 0.0001) and glenoid fossa bony changes (P ≤ 0.0001), and there was a poor correlation between the Helkimo's Di score and joint space changes (P = 0.184). Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between the degree of Helkimo's Di and the maximum condylar bony changes (P ≤ 0.0001) and glenoid fossa bony changes (P ≤ 0.0001), but there was a poor correlation between the degree of Helkimo's Di and joint space changes (P = 0.346).ConclusionsBoth the score and degree of Helkimo's Di were highly correlated with maximum condylar changes and glenoid fossa bony changes, but not with joint space changes.     

54例正常人双侧颞下颌关节CBCT测量值分析

目的：探讨应用CBCT（cone-beamcomputedtomography）对成年人两侧颞下颌关节进行多项指标数据测量分析。方法：在TMJ成像与测量技术的基础上,筛选出正常成人54例,通过严格的TMJ临床检查确定为健康关节,利用Newtom9000CBCT对其ICP位颞下颌关节进行成像后测量分析。结果：在轴位测得髁状突水平角以及单侧髁状突距矢状中线的距离;平行于髁状突长轴的斜位,测髁状突长轴径,垂直角度,沿髁状突长轴顶内外极间任意角间隙宽度;垂直于髁状突长轴的斜位测量关节髁状突前中后任意角间隙宽度,关节凹深度和前斜面角度关节颈厚度;矢状位测关节髁状突前中后任意角间隙宽度,关节凹深度和前斜面角度关节颈厚度。结论：正常成人双侧髁状突位置及关节窝形态性别差异不明显,双髁状突位置及关节窝形态基本对称。     

Cone beam computed tomography study of apical root resorption induced by Herbst appliance

Objective

This study evaluated the frequency of root resorption during the orthodontic treatment with Herbst appliance by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).

Material and Methods

The sample comprised 23 patients (11 men, 12 women; mean ages 15.76±1.75 years) with Class II division 1 malocclusion, treated with Herbst appliance. CBCT was obtained before treatment (T0) and after Herbst treatment (T1). All the dental roots, except third molars, were evaluated, and apical root resorption was determined using the axial guided navigation method. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon T Test were used to compare the dependent samples in parametric and nonparametric cases, respectively. Chi-Square Test with Yates’ correction was used to evaluate the relationship between apical root resorption and gender. Results were considered at a significance level of 5%.

Results

Apical resorption was detected by CBCT in 57.96% of 980 roots that underwent Herbst appliance treatment. All patients had minimal resorption and there was no statistical significance between the genders.

Conclusion

CBCT three-dimensional evaluation showed association between Herbst appliance and minimal apical root resorption, mostly in the anchoring teeth, without clinical significance.