2465例呼吸道感染患者肺炎支原体IgM抗体检测分析

目的：分析呼吸道感染患者的肺炎支原体（Mycoplasma pneumoniae,MP）阳性检出情况,探讨本地区患者感染肺炎支原体的流行趋势,为临床治疗和预防提供依据。方法：采集2 465例呼吸道感染患者的血清,9项呼吸道感染病原体IgM抗体（嗜肺军团菌血清1型、Q热立克次体、肺炎衣原体、肺炎支原体、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒1、2和3型）检测试剂采用西班牙VIRCELL的PNEUMOSLIDE IgM试剂,间接免疫荧光法对其进行检测;按不同年龄和性别进行分组比较。结果：2 465例患者中肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性检出率为25.11%;1年中5月份阳性检出率最高（42.74%）;不同性别间阳性检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;儿童组、成人组与老人组之间阳性检出率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：肺炎支原体是引起呼吸道感染的最主要病原体,感染有年龄、性别、季节差异,应重点防治。     

614例住院患儿急性呼吸道感染病原学分析

目的:了解急性呼吸道感染(Acute respiratory infection,ARI)患儿非典型病原体及病毒感染情况。方法:选择急性呼吸道感染患儿614例,取其入院第2天的静脉血,采用间接免疫荧光法进行呼吸道病原体IgM检测,包括非典型病原体(肺炎支原体、嗜肺军团菌Ⅰ型、Q热立克次体、肺炎衣原体)和病毒(呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型),并对检测标本阳性的病例进行统计分析。结果:在614例患儿送检标本中,171份阳性,阳性率为27.9%,其中肺炎支原体92例(15.0%),嗜肺军团菌Ⅰ型17例(2.8%),Q热立克次体6例(1.0%),肺炎衣原体1例(0.2%);呼吸道合胞病毒17例(2.8%),腺病毒6例(1.0%),乙型流感病毒13例(2.2%),副流感病毒Ⅰ型1例(0.2%),病原体的混合感染18例(2.9%)。结论:引起急性呼吸道感染的病原体以肺炎支原体为主,其次为嗜肺军团菌Ⅰ型、呼吸道合胞病毒,混合感染以肺炎支原体加嗜肺军团菌Ⅰ型为主。     

儿童呼吸道感染支原体、衣原体和常见呼吸道病毒病原学分析

目的分析本院儿童呼吸道感染支原体、衣原体和常见呼吸道病毒的感染特点,为临床诊治提供参考。方法选取我院儿科收治的486例呼吸道感染患儿为观察对象,检测肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒1、2和3型的感染情况,分析不同年龄段患儿以上病原菌的感染特点。结果 486例呼吸道感染患儿中肺炎支原体感染125例,阳性率为25.72%;肺炎衣原体感染114例,阳性率为23.46%;呼吸道合胞病毒感染120例,阳性率为24.69%;腺病毒感染10例,阳性率为2.06%;甲型流感病毒感染7例,阳性率为1.44%;乙型流感病毒感染2例,阳性率为0.41%;1型副流感病毒感染3例,阳性率为0.62%;2型副流感病毒感染1例,阳性率为0.21%;3型副流感病毒感染33例,阳性率为6.79%。肺炎支原体感染阳性率随患儿年龄增加逐渐升高,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）肺炎衣原体和呼吸道合胞病毒感染阳性率随患儿年龄增加逐渐降低,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;不同年龄组别患儿腺病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、1型副流感病毒和2型副流感病毒感染阳性率无明显差别,比较差异无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。不同年龄组别患儿3型副流感病毒感染阳性率不同,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论本院儿科呼吸道感染非细菌性病原菌主要为肺炎支原体、衣原体以及呼吸道合胞病毒。肺炎支原体感染主要见于学龄儿童,肺炎衣原体和呼吸道合胞病毒感染主要见于婴幼儿。     

儿童急性下呼吸道感染非典型病原体的流行情况分析

目的了解急性下呼吸道感染患儿非典型病原体感染情况,为诊断、治疗和预防提供依据。方法急性下呼吸道感染患儿1640例,分为婴儿组302例、幼儿组545例和儿童组793例,检测嗜肺军团菌Ⅰ型(LP1)、肺炎支原体(MP)、Q热立克次体(COX)、肺炎衣原体(CP)、腺病毒(ADV)、呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)、甲型流感病毒(INFA)、乙型流感病毒(INFB)和副流感病毒(PIV)的Ig M抗体。结果 MP阳性率55.8%,其感染主要在幼儿组和儿童组。INFB阳性率29.7%,INFA阳性率18.8%,感染主要在婴儿组和幼儿组,年龄增大,阳性检出率呈下降趋势。PIV阳性率18.7%,感染主要在婴儿组和幼儿组。ADV、RSV感染主要在婴儿组。结论检测儿童呼吸道非典型病原体感染情况,可为诊断提供依据,预防抗生素滥用,提高疗效。     

乌鲁木齐市2011年呼吸道感染患儿病原检测分析

目的了解2011年乌鲁木齐地区小儿呼吸道感染中,肺炎支原体,沙眼衣原体,呼吸道合胞病毒,腺病毒,甲型流感病毒,乙型流感病毒,副流感病毒1、2和3型,Q热立克次体,嗜肺军团菌的感染情况。方法对2011年1月～12月在新疆自治区人民医院门诊、病房诊断为呼吸道感染的患儿1 026例,采用间接免疫荧光法,测定患儿血清中上述9种病原特异性IgM抗体。采用EXECL2003和SPSS13.0软件,分析9种病原体感染在小儿呼吸道感染者中的年龄、性别、民族等方面的分布情况以及感染发生的季节特点。结果1 026例呼吸道感染患儿中,九种病原特异性IgM抗体总阳性率为39.5%（405/1 026）,肺炎支原体为31.0%（318/1 026）,沙眼衣原体为0.2%（2/1 026）,呼吸道合胞病毒为4.7%（48/1 026）,腺病毒为1.4%（14/1 026）,甲型流感病毒为0.3%（3/1 026）,乙型流感病毒为2.6%（27/1 026）,副流感病毒1型、2型和3型为4.5%（46/1 026）,Q热立克次体为0.0%（/1 026）,嗜肺军团菌为4.2%（43/1 026）。肺炎支原体IgM抗体阳性率明显高于其它病原体（χ2=1 527.967,P〈0.01）。9种病原总检出率秋冬季高于春夏季（χ2=12.184,P〈0.01）。3岁以上儿童组肺炎支原体检出率明显高于其它年龄组（χ2=57.923,P〈0.01）。结论乌鲁木齐地区小儿呼吸道感染者中,肺炎支原体感染达31.0%,尤其以3岁以上儿童多见;其次为呼吸道合胞病毒感染占4.7%,而副流感病毒1、2、3型感染率为4.5%。呼吸道感染患儿中九种病原体检出率秋冬季高于春夏季。     

九项呼吸道病原体IgM抗体联合检测的临床意义

目的：为了解我院住院患者呼吸道病原体的感染状况,为临床提供一种快速诊断呼吸道感染病原体的方法。方法：对3 449例呼吸道疾病患者运用九项呼吸道联检试剂同时检测9种病原体的IgM抗体,包括嗜肺军团菌（LP）、肺炎支原体（MP）、Q热立克次体（QFR）、肺炎衣原体（CP）、腺病毒（ADV）、呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、甲型流感病毒（IFA）、乙型流感病毒（IFB）和副流感病毒1、2和3型（PIVS）。结果：3 449例呼吸道疾病患者总感染率为30.3%,其中以肺炎支原体最为常见,占13.38%,其次为乙型流感病毒,再次为呼吸道合胞病毒。混合感染率达14.4%（495/3 449）;感染人群以儿童和老人多见,多为肺炎支原体合并乙型流感病毒感染,2~4岁年龄段感染率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：肺炎支原体、乙型流感病毒是呼吸道疾病中非典型病原体的主要病原体,临床表现不特异,应重视多种病原体联合检测,以免漏诊误诊,以达到快速诊断的目的。     

福州地区15257例呼吸道感染病原体IgM临床分析讨论

目的 分析福州市呼吸道感染患者常见病原体IgM抗体检出及分布情况,为呼吸道病原体的预防控制提供理论依据。方法 收集福州某医院就诊的具有急性呼吸道症状患者共15257例,采集血清标本对8种常见呼吸道病原体IgM抗体进行检测,并对病原体的流行病学特征进行统计学分析。结果 15257例患者中,至少检出1种病原体IgM抗体的患者占18.33%,其中肺炎支原体检出率最高。嗜肺军团菌及肺炎支原体在不同性别中检出率差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,除呼吸道合胞病毒外,其余病原体在不同季节组间的检出率差异均具有统计学意义（P <0.05）;合并感染以甲型流感病毒联合乙型流感病毒的模式最为多见。多项病原体在新冠疫情暴发前后的检出率差异具有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 福州地区呼吸道病原体检出率以肺炎支原体最高,冬季是甲型流感病毒及肺炎支原体感染的高发季节,呼吸道病原体的感染与患者年龄、性别有关,增强个人防护措施有助于减少病原体的传播。     

895例儿童急性呼吸道感染病原体检测与分析

目的:分析武汉市儿童医院中医科住院儿童常见呼吸道病原体的检测结果,为临床诊疗提供依据.方法:收集895例诊断为ARI患儿的血清标本,采用间接免疫荧光法检测其中8种常见病原体的IgM抗体.结果:895例患儿中抗体阳性327例,阳性率为36.5%,病原体检出率与在各年龄组中存在差异;病原体中支原体阳性率最高,其他依次为乙型流感病毒、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒、嗜肺军团菌血清Ⅰ型、甲型流感病毒、Q热立克次体;混合感染151例,占46.2%,主要是两种病原体混合感染.结论:病原体检出率与年龄有关系;支原体、乙型流感病毒、腺病毒和呼吸道合胞病毒是引起儿童急性呼吸道感染的主要病原体;混合感染主要是支原体合并其他病原体感染.     

呼吸道九联检试剂在儿童呼吸道感染病原体检测中的临床意义探讨

目的探讨呼吸道九联检试剂在儿童呼吸道感染病原体检测中的临床意义。方法对1 516例儿童呼吸道感染患者的血清标本应用呼吸道九联检试剂(间接免疫荧光法)同时检测九项主要病原体的Ig M抗体,包括嗜肺军团菌、肺炎支原体、Q热立克次体、肺炎衣原体、腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒和副流感病毒。结果病原体感染率为35.5%(537/1 516),其中以肺炎支原体最为多见,其他依次为腺病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒。混合感染率达11.2%(170/1 516)。结论九项呼吸道联检试剂检测快速,操作简便,尤其对儿童急性呼吸道感染准确率高,适用于大型医院儿科患者快速检测。     

广州发热呼吸道症候群成年患者临床特征及病原学检测

目的探讨广州地区发热呼吸道症候群成年患者临床特征及非典型病原体与病毒分布。方法收集2014年9月—2015年8月400份发热呼吸道症候群成年患者血清标本,应用呼吸道病原体九联检试剂盒检测9项病原体Ig M抗体,并对患者临床特征进行分析。结果病原学分布:400例患者中共检测病原体阳性131份,总阳性率为32.8%,以肺炎支原体为主,共54例(13.5%),其余分别为乙型流感病毒33例(8.3%);嗜肺军团菌血清1型14例(3.5%);Q热立克次体和甲型流感病毒各7例(1.8%);呼吸道合胞病毒和肺炎衣原体各6例(1.5%);副流感病毒4例(1.0%);未发现腺病毒。多重感染14例,以肺炎支原体合并乙型流感病毒为多见;三重感染1例。临床特征:广州发热呼吸道症候群成年患者平均年龄68.58岁,以发热、咳嗽、咳痰、畏寒、气促、头痛及口干为主要临床症状,均见肺部实变体征;实验室血常规检查见白细胞计数升高,其中中性粒细胞百分比明显升高,淋巴细胞百分比明显降低。结论广州地区发热呼吸道症候群成年患者的非典型病原体及病毒检测以肺炎支原体及乙型流感病毒为主,其他病原体散发;不同非典型病原体和病毒感染的患者多见发热,伴有明显的全身和呼吸道症状,肺部感染多见。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.