地塞米松对永生化人眼小梁细胞流畅阻力和水通道蛋白-1表达的影响

目的探讨地塞米松对永生化人眼小梁细胞的流畅阻力和水通道蛋白-1(AQP-1)表达的影响。方法将永生化人眼小梁细胞株第18代接种于0.4μm孔径的滤膜上,待细胞近融合时加入含10-7mol/L地塞米松培养液。细胞融合后1、3、7d,应用内皮细胞电阻测量仪(EVOM)测定滤膜上单层小梁细胞电阻(TEER),评价其流畅阻力的变化;采用免疫印迹法检测小梁细胞AQP-1的表达情况。结果细胞融合后1、3、7d时,对照组TEER分别为(36.4±1.4)Ω、(34.0±1.7)Ω、(36.1±2.9)Ω,而经地塞米松处理组TEER则分别为(48.4±2.3)Ω、(60.3±3.1)Ω、(58.8±0.9)Ω,差异有统计学意义。用免疫印迹法检测,显示经地塞米松处理后的小梁细胞AQP-1表达量较未经处理组增多,差异亦有统计学意义。结论经地塞米松处理后的滤膜上小梁细胞AQP-1表达水平上调、表达量增多,小梁细胞TEER也升高,提示地塞米松上调AQP-1的表达水平可能与小梁细胞的流畅阻力改变有关。应用EVOM检测TEER可以体现内壁单层小梁细胞的流畅阻力,将为房水引流的研究提供新手段。(中华眼科杂志,2005,41:209-211)     

体外培养的猪眼色素上皮细胞屏障功能的研究

目的 研究体外培养的猪眼视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞的血视网膜外屏障功能。 方法 对猪眼RPE细胞进行原代培养，第3代细胞接种于微孔滤器，微孔滤器的滤膜为无聚乙烯吡咯酮（PVP）聚碳酸脂膜（polycarbonate），分别于培养1、2、3、4周对滤膜表面行光学显微镜观察，于培养后2周对膜切面行光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察;行跨膜电阻测定并用荧光素钠和辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）进行通透性检测。 结果 成功原代培养了猪眼RPE细胞。光学显微镜观察结果显示，RPE细胞接种1周后，细胞基本汇合，接种后2、3周时RPE细胞密度无明显变化，接种后4周时细胞密度下降;滤膜及细胞标本切面观察结果显示，RPE细胞可在滤膜表面表现出单层有极性生长的特性;接种于微孔滤器2周后，RPE细胞跨上皮细胞电阻达（97.44±11.36） Ω/cm2，并至少持续到接种后3周;通透性检测结果显示，孵育30 min后只有0.27%的荧光素钠和0.17%的HRP从滤膜上方到达下方，分子量小的荧光素钠比分子量大的HRP通透率高。 结论 应用无PVP聚碳酸脂膜的微孔滤器可以建立体外RPE细胞有极性单层生长的模型，并用于屏障功能的研究。 (中华眼底病杂志, 2006, 22: 188-191)     

地塞米松体外抑制人眼小梁细胞生长及表皮生长因子mRNA的表达

目的 探讨地塞米松对培养的人眼小梁细胞生长的影响及抑制小梁细胞表达表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor EGF)mRNA的情况。方法 取人眼小梁组织进行小梁细胞体外培养,对传3代的小梁细胞进行地塞米松处理实验。实验组在传代后的培养液中按300ug/ml加入地塞米松,另一组作为对照组进行常规培养,观察生长5d后的细胞情况,取培养7d的两组的小梁细胞分别提取RNA,用EGFcDNA探针,a-^32P同位素标记进行斑点杂交,放射自显影。对显影片用计算机激光密度扫描,测定吸光度A值相对值进行组间比较。结果 加入地塞米松300ug/ml实验组,小梁细胞生长明显受到抑制,5d时对照组细胞已经融合,地塞米松组的细胞仍呈集落状态。从对照组小梁细胞提取RNA22.5ug,地塞米松组提取RNA 14ug,取14ug两组等量RNA,用EGFcNDA探针进行斑点杂交。结果阳性。激光密度扫描值地塞米松明显低于对照组。结论 地塞米松对培养的人眼小梁细胞有明显的生长抑制作用,通过抑制总RNA转录及EGFmRNA表达而抑制小梁细胞生长。提示糖皮质激素性青光眼是因抑制了小梁细胞的多种代谢和生理功能所致。     

人眼小梁细胞体外培养,冻存与复苏

目的:建立人小梁细胞体外培养及对其进行冻存、复苏研究。方法:应用组织块培养方法进行人小梁细胞体外培养,将第3代的小梁细胞冻存,冻存1周、2周、1月、2月后细胞给予复苏,观察复苏后细胞的生长情况。结果:人眼小梁细胞体外培养成功。冻存的小梁细胞复苏成功,所有复苏率超过90％。结论:人眼小梁细胞体外培养及冻存复苏成功,为以后构建小梁细胞的cDNA文库,为筛选青光眼发病的相关基因提供有利的实验基础。眼科学报1998;14:73—75。     

人眼小梁细胞体外培养及生物学特性研究

目的:建立人眼小梁细胞培养方法并研究其生物学特性。方法:以体外组织块培养的方法获得培养的人小梁细胞,应用光镜、电镜观察细胞的形态学特征,并观察其免疫组化特性和细胞的生长曲线。结果:光镜下小梁细胞为扁平多角形、单层生长;电镜下细胞连接为点粘连和缝隙连接、细胞表面可见微绒毛、胞浆细胞器丰富;免疫组化染色对抗纤维连接蛋白(Anti—FN)、抗层粘连蛋白(Anti—LN)、抗神经元特异性烯醇化酶(Anti—NSE)单抗呈阳性,对抗第Ⅷ因子(Anti-ⅧFactor)单抗呈阴性;传代小梁细胞繁殖时间较长,10天后为平台期。结论:根据体外培养的小梁细胞的形态特点、生长特征、免疫组化特性可对其进行鉴定。人小梁细胞体外培养的成功,为在细胞和分子水平研究青光眼的发病机制提供了有利的条件。眼科学报 1996;12:64—69。     

米非司酮对培养的人眼小梁细胞外纤维连接蛋白表达的影响

目的　探讨糖皮质激素受体拮抗剂米非司酮对培养的人眼小梁细胞外纤维连接蛋白(fibronectin ,FN)表达的影响。方法　按组织块培养法进行人眼 (8只眼 )小梁细胞体外培养 ,在传 3代的小梁细胞培养液中分别先后加入不同浓度的地塞米松和米非司酮 ,应用免疫组织化学联合计算机图像分析的方法 ,检测细胞外染色区域的吸光度 (A值 )。结果　根据培养细胞的生长特性和形态特征及细胞外基质染色特点等 ,确定培养的细胞为人眼小梁细胞。含有不同浓度地塞米松和米非司酮的小梁细胞培养组与对照组比较 ,FN变化所对应的A值排列顺序为 :1 0 - 6 mol/L地塞米松 (1 2d) >1 0 - 7mol/L地塞米松 (1 2d) >1 0 - 7mol/L地塞米松 (5d) >对照组≈ 1 0 - 7mol/L地塞米松 (5d) +1 0 - 8mol/L米非司酮 (7d)。结论　地塞米松能促进体外培养的人眼小梁细胞分泌与合成FN(A值升高 ) ,米非司酮可在受体水平拮抗并逐步逆转地塞米松引起的小梁细胞外FN的过度表达 (A值下降 )。糖皮质激素受体 (glucocorticoidrecepter,GR)拮抗剂米非司酮的降眼压作用尚有待在体内环境得到证实     

水通道蛋白1在培养人眼小梁细胞中的表达及意义

目的探讨培养人眼小梁细胞水通道蛋白1(AQPl)的存在、定位及意义。方法应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测培养人眼小梁细胞AQP1mRNA的表达。Westernblot用兔抗人AQP1多克隆抗体检测AQP1蛋白表达。免疫荧光测定AQP1在培养人眼小梁细胞的所在部位。结果RT-PCR扩增出一条347bp标志AQP1mRNA的表达产物。Westernblot可见约28000相应位置的发光条带。免疫荧光定位AQP1在培养的人眼小梁细胞胞膜。结论AQP1在培养人眼小梁细胞的细胞膜表达,可能在调节房水通过小梁网流出系统中起到重要作用。     

地塞米松对人眼小梁细胞MMP-3及TIMP-1 mRNA表达的影响

目的:研究地塞米松对人眼小梁细胞MMP-3及TIMP-1mRNA表达的影响,探讨激素性青光眼的发病机制。方法:采用原代培养的人眼小梁细胞,用10-7mol/L的地塞米松培养24h,通过RT-PCR方法检测小梁细胞MMP-3及TIMP-1mRNA的表达。结果:地塞米松处理后MMP-3mRNA的表达明显减少,与正常对照组相比相差显著(0.74±0.10vs0.46±0.11,P<0.05),TIMP-1mRNA的表达与正常对照组相比无明显改变(2.01±0.13vs1.95±0.11,P>0.05)。结论:地塞米松抑制小梁细胞MMP-3mRNA的表达,提示激素性青光眼的发病与MMP-3的降低有关。     

Tranilast对TGF-β2抑制人眼小梁细胞生长作用的影响

目的 :观察tranilast对转化生长因子 β2 (transform inggrowthfactor β2 ,TGF β2 )抑制体外培养人眼小梁细胞生长作用的影响。方法 :采用MTT法观察 0 μg/ml、12 .5 μg/ml、2 5μg/ml和 5 0 μg/mltranilast对 3.2ng/mlTGF β2 抑制体外培养人眼小梁细胞生长作用的影响。结果 :2 5 μg/ml和 5 0 μg/ml收稿日期 :2 0 0 2 -0 3 -2 7;修回日期 :2 0 0 2 -0 4-15基金项目 :国家自然科学基金资助项目 (3 8970 75 8)。作者简介 :曹阳 (1972 -) ,男 ,湖北武汉人 ,医学博士 ,主治医师 ,研究方向 :青光眼。通信作者 :曹阳 (E -mail:ytsao @sohu .com)。tranilast处理组人眼小梁细胞的光密度A值分别为 (1.136±0 .135 )和 (1.2 4 6± 0 .15 2 ) ,与对照组的 (0 .896± 0 .190 )比较 ,差异分别有显著性 (q =3.2 3,P <0 .0 5 )和非常显著性 (q =4 .70 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :Tranilast可明显拮抗TGF β2 对体外培养人眼小梁细胞抑制生长的作用。利用Tranilast在发病学环节防治原发性开角型青光眼的可能性 ,值得进一步研究     

体外培养的成年兔眼色素上皮细胞屏障功能的研究

目的 研究体外培养的成年兔眼视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelial,RPE)细胞的血-视网膜外屏障功能.方法 对成年兔眼RPE 细胞进行原代培养,免疫组织化学通过MNF116和S-100鉴定细胞纯度.将细胞接种于铺有层粘连蛋白的Transwell滤膜上,分别于培养过程中不同时间点进行跨膜电阻测定,待电阻达到平台期后对膜切面行透射电子显微镜观察;并通过细胞ZO-1免疫荧光化学法了解紧密连接的形成情况.结果 成功原代培养了兔眼RPE 细胞并且无其他细胞污染.接种于Transwell后,RPE 细胞TER值3周达到最高值约88.14 Ω·cm2,维持1周并开始下降.透射电镜可见细胞表面有大量微绒毛并形成紧密连接.ZO-1免疫荧光化学结果可见细胞形态基本呈多边形,紧密连接基本形成.结论 成年兔眼RPE细胞通过培养于铺有层粘连蛋白的Transwell滤膜上可以成功建立细胞屏障功能模型.     

Culture model of human corneal epithelium for prediction of ocular drug absorption.

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to develop a cell culture model of immortalized epithelium from the human cornea for drug permeability testing. METHODS: Immortalized human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were grown on filters, with various filter materials and coating procedures. In the optimal case, HCE cells were grown on polyester filters coated with rat tail collagen gel containing fibroblast cells. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was measured during the growth of the cells to evaluate the epithelial differentiation and tightness of the epithelial cell layers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to show the formation of tight junctions, desmosomes, and microvilli. Cellular morphology was characterized by light microscopy. Permeabilities of (3)H-mannitol and 6-carboxyfluorescein were determined, to evaluate the intercellular spaces of the epithelium. Rhodamine B was used as a lipophilic marker of transcellular permeability. Permeabilities of the excised rabbit corneas were determined in side-by-side diffusion chambers. RESULTS: The TER values of the corneal epithelial cultures were 200 to 800 Omega x cm(2), depending on the culture conditions. In optimal conditions, cultured corneal epithelium consisted of five to eight cell layers, TER was at least 400 Omega x cm(2), and the most apical cells were flat, with tight junctions, microvilli, and desmosomes. The permeability coefficients (P(cell), 10(-6) cm/sec) for (3)H-mannitol, 6-carboxyfluorescein, and rhodamine B were 1.42 +/- 0.36, 0.77 +/- 0.40, and 16.3 +/- 4.0, respectively. Corresponding values (at 10(-6) cm/sec) for the isolated rabbit corneas were 0.38 +/- 0.16, 0.46 +/- 0.27, and 18.1 +/- 4.0, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The TER, morphology, and permeability of the cultured corneal epithelial cells resemble those of the intact cornea. This cell culture model may be useful in evaluation of corneal drug permeation and its mechanisms.     

Perfusion of his-tagged eukaryotic myocilin increases outflow resistance in human anterior segments in the presence of aqueous humor

PURPOSE: A previous study by the authors has shown that recombinant myocilin purified from a prokaryotic expression system increases outflow resistance in cultured human anterior segments. The present study was performed to determine whether full-length myocilin purified from a human trabecular meshwork cell expression system alters outflow resistance after infusion into human anterior segments. METHODS: A feline immunodeficiency virus vector encoding both full-length myocilin (amino acids 1-503 fused to C-terminal V5 and six-histidine epitopes) and puromycin resistance was used to transduce a transformed trabecular meshwork cell line (TM5). Stably expressing cells were selected with puromycin. Recombinant myocilin was purified from the media using nickel ion affinity chromatography. Control purifications were performed on media from parental TM5 cells. Anterior segments of human eyes were placed in organ culture and perfused with either Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) or DMEM supplemented with 50% porcine aqueous humor. One eye received an anterior chamber exchange with recombinant myocilin (2 microg/mL), whereas the fellow eye received an equal volume of control. Immunohistochemistry was performed with anti-myocilin and anti-V5 antibodies. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze myocilin complex formation in porcine aqueous humor. RESULTS: Recombinant myocilin in porcine aqueous humor increased outflow resistance in cultured human anterior segments (91% +/- 68% [mean +/- SD] versus 18% +/- 31% in fellow control eye; n = 9, P = 0.004). Maximum outflow resistance was obtained 5 to 17 hours after infusion and remained above baseline for >3 days. Recombinant myocilin also increased outflow resistance in eyes incubated in DMEM, but only if myocilin was preincubated with porcine aqueous humor (78% +/- 77% when preincubated in DMEM containing porcine aqueous humor versus 13% +/- 15% when preincubated with DMEM alone, n = 6, P = 0.03). Recombinant myocilin appears to form a complex in porcine aqueous humor with a heat-labile protein(s). Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of myocilin in the juxtacanalicular region of the trabecular meshwork. CONCLUSIONS: Myocilin purified from human trabecular meshwork cells increased outflow resistance in cultured human anterior segments, but only after incubation with porcine aqueous humor. Recombinant myocilin appears to form a complex in porcine aqueous humor that enables it to bind specifically within the trabecular meshwork.     

Trabecular meshwork cells grown on filters. Conductivity and cytochalasin effects

A system was developed to measure the hydraulic conductivity of cultured monolayers of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. By optimizing the cell growth conditions and evaluating a number of filter supports, confluent HTM cells in single layers were obtained for measurement of hydraulic conductivity. The HTM monolayers had hydraulic conductivities of 0.3-2.0 microliters/min/mm Hg/cm2 measured at near-physiological flow rates. Evaluations of cytochalasin B (CB) effects on the hydraulic conductivity of our HTM monolayers revealed that CB (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) caused a dramatic dose-related increase in conductivity within 10 to 30 min, which parallels CB effects on outflow facility in vivo. Morphologic observations show that the increase in hydraulic conductivity was accompanied by a retraction of the trabecular cells and widening of the intercellular spaces. Our findings suggest that growth of HTM cells on filter supports can provide a useful in vitro system to study the regulation of aqueous outflow.     

The effect of organ culture on human trabecular meshwork

The effect of organ culture on the trabecular meshwork was studied in a series of human eyes using a perfusion culture system. One eye of a pair was cultured while the fellow eye was immediately fixed in glutaraldehyde. Culture periods ranged from 2 to 28 days, during which a mean intraocular pressure of 27 mmHg +/- 15 was maintained. The perfused culture medium appeared to leave the eye via Schlemm's canal and collector channels, mimicking the in vivo situation. The trabecular meshwork was well maintained with this system in 21 of 25 eyes. Cells remained in position on trabecular lamellae, cellular organelles usually remained normal, and the lamellae remained intact. Culture-induced changes were noted, with some cells developing intracytoplasmic lipid vacuoles and other cells developing swollen mitochondria. In addition, scattered focal cell necrosis was observed, most often in the uveal meshwork. Meshwork cellularity (nuclei:solid tissue) was determined with an image analysis system; there was an average cell loss of 20-40% in the cultured eyes as compared to their respective fellow control eyes. Overall, organ culture appears to maintain the human trabecular meshwork for at least 28 days, allowing controlled experimental studies to be performed.     

曲尼司特对体外培养的人眼小梁细胞转化生长因子-β2表达的抑制作用

目的　观察曲尼司特对体外培养的人眼小梁细胞转化生长因子 β2 (TGF β2 )表达的影响。方法　体外培养的第 3～ 5代人眼小梁细胞经 0 0 (对照组 )、12 5、2 5 0及 5 0 0mg/L曲尼司特处理 4 8h后 ,采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)观察曲尼司特对体外培养的人眼小梁细胞TGF β2 表达的影响 ,以人甘油醛 3 磷酸酯脱氢酶 (G3PDH)作为内参照。结果　 12 5、2 5 0及 5 0 0mg/L曲尼司特处理组TGF β2 /G3PDH象素值比值分别为 1 85± 0 35 ,1 6 6± 0 4 2 ,1 16± 0 2 4 ,与对照组比值 3 82± 0 5 6比较 ,差异有非常显著意义 (q′ =10 77,11 80 ,14 5 4 ;P <0 0 1) ;同时 ,TGF β2 /G3PDH比值随曲尼司特浓度增加而变小 ,呈现明显的量效关系。结论　曲尼司特能明显抑制小梁细胞TGF β2 的表达。可从发病学途径探讨曲尼司特对原发性开角型青光眼的治疗机制。     

The Study on Culture and Ultrastructure of Glaucomatous Trabecular Cells in Vitro

Purpose : To establish the culture system of human glaucomatous trabecular cells in vitro and study their ultrastructures.Methods : The trabecular specimens from trabeculectomy were cultured in vitro and passaged 3 times, then identified. Moreover, the glaucomatous cells were observed with electron microscope while compared with the normal ones.Result: Cultured human glaucomatous trabecular cells were obtained. The ultrastructure of the cells showed the decrease in vilious project, coated vesicle and lysosomal inclusion. Conclusion : The establishment of human glaucomatous trabecular cells culture in vitro made the culture system more perfect. The morphologic changes might be related to the abnormal functions of human trabecular meshwork cells. Eye Science 1998; 14 : 134 - 737.     

Fresh and cultured human lens epithelial cells: an electrophysiological study of cell coupling and membrane properties

Microelectrode studies of fresh human and rabbit lens epithelia revealed stable membrane potentials [VR (human) = -36 mV; VR (rabbit) = -45 mV] and low input resistances [Ri (human) = 10 M omega; Ri (rabbit) = 20 M omega]. Coupling studies, using two voltage microelectrodes, demonstrated that the low input resistance of the fresh epithelial tissue was due to electrotonic coupling, which was found to be extremely labile and sensitive to perfusion of the apical (fibrefacing) surface of the epithelium. The intercellular coupling could be stabilized by raising the calcium concentration of the perfusate. Studies performed on confluent monolayers of cultured human lens epithelial (HLE) cells demonstrated a membrane potential (VR = -33 mV) and input resistance (Ri = 29 M omega) similar to their fresh counterparts. The intercellular coupling of these cells was found to be much more robust. Ultrastructural studies revealed that the apical junction of cultured HLE cells was less complex than that found in fresh tissue, the latter exhibiting multiple interdigitations and folds. The cultured monolayer was dissociated into single cells by a variety of methods and the membrane properties of individual cells were studied. Single cells were found to have a lower membrane potential (-20 to -25 mV) and an input resistance in the range 110-170 M omega, depending on the method of dissociation. Channel blocking and ion replacement studies revealed significant conductance pathways for potassium, sodium and chloride and a cell-attached patch clamp investigation revealed three distinct channel types. Of the two channels with inward currents at the resting potential, one, with a conductance of 25 pS, is identified as a non-selective cation channel, and the other, with a conductance of 14 pS and reversal potential of - 14 mV, is a possible candidate for a chloride channel but has yet to be characterized. A third channel with an outward current at the resting potential is identified as a potassium channel with a conductance of 49 pS. A link between epithelial uncoupling and certain types of cataract is proposed.