内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗早期胃癌

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗早期胃癌的有效件及安全性.方法 对20例早期胃癌患者共21处病灶进行ESD治疗,观察治疗的情况及效果.结果 21处病灶一次性整块切除率为95.2%(20/21),组织学治愈性切除率为90.5%(19/21).平均手术时间50.4 min.急性少量出血率4.8%(1/21),术后腹痛发生率为76.2%(16/21),未发生急性大量出血、穿孔、术后延迟出血.2个月时复查胃镜,溃疡愈合率100%.平均随访9.2个月(8～12个月),局部无残留、复发及异时病灶发生.结论 ESD町提高一次性完整切除率和组织学治愈性切除率,是一种治疗早期胃癌的安全有效的方法.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃巨大平坦病变

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗胃巨大平坦病变的应用价值。方法 对胃镜发现≥2cm的胃平坦病变应用头端弯曲的针形切开刀进行ESD治疗，其操作步骤为：①黏膜下注射0．9％氯化钠溶液抬高病变，使病变与肌层相分离；②预切开病变周围黏膜；③剥离病变下方黏膜下层结缔组织，完整切除病变。结果 5例胃平坦病变中，3例位于胃窦，1例位于胃体，1例位于胃角。病变直径2．0～5．0cm，全部1次大块、完整剥离成功。ESD手术时间为80～120min。术中出血量平均为100ml．均经电凝、氩离子血浆凝固和止血夹成功止血，未出现需再次内镜下治疗的出血。术后出血1例。无一例发生消化道穿孔。所有病变均经病理确诊，基底和切缘未见病变累及。术后随访1～6个月，创面基本愈合，无一例病变残留和复发。结论 ESD是治疗胃巨大平坦病变的新方法，不仅能完整切除较大的病变，还能提供完整的病理学诊断资料。     

早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术扩大适应证的应用与质疑

内镜黏膜下剥离术已广泛应用于早期胃癌的治疗,其绝对适应证证据充分,已成为推荐的早期胃癌标准治疗之一,但其扩大适应证临床应用仍存在质疑,本文就相关文献结合实践进行评述。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗胃底异位脾脏一例

异位脾脏指在外伤性脾破裂或脾切除术后而发生的后天性自体移植现象,并及易误诊为间质瘤或平滑肌瘤体等黏膜下肿瘤。本例患者为脾破裂行脾切除术后6年,胃底异位脾脏经内镜黏膜下剥离术切除。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术对治疗早期胃癌的临床应用价值

目的 评估我院内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)治疗早期胃癌(early gastric cancer,EGC)的有效性及临床应用价值.方法 对2006年11月-2013年2月内镜下发现的370例早期胃癌临床资料进行分析,共切除病变386个.其中212个是不典型增生,158个是黏膜内癌,16个是黏膜下癌.位于上段胃81个,中段胃122个,下段胃183个.内镜分型包括23个Ⅰ型,148个Ⅱa型,20个Ⅱb型,114个Ⅱc型,70个Ⅱa+Ⅱc型,11个Ⅱc+Ⅱa型.结果 完整性切除率及治愈性切除率分别为93.8％、90.9％.切除黏膜平均最大径是3.2 cm(1.5～8.0 cm).非治愈性切除35例,包括32例R1切除,3例Rx切除.术中出血2例,迟发出血2例.结论 对于在适应证范围内的早期癌,ESD能达到很高的完整切除率及治愈性切除率,是治疗EGC的有效方法.     

早期胃癌的内镜诊断和治疗

早期胃癌(EGC)定义为垂直方向的浸润不超过黏膜下层而无论有无转移的胃癌，即早期胃癌=黏膜癌(M癌) 黏膜下层癌(SM癌)。内镜下早期胃癌可分为(肉眼分类)Ⅰ型(隆起型)、Ⅱ型(平坦型)、Ⅲ型(陷凹型)，其中Ⅱ型可进一步细分为Ⅱa型(平坦隆起型)，Ⅱb型(平坦型)，Ⅱc型(平坦凹陷型)。一般EGC直径1～4cm，小于0．5cm者称微小胃癌。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗老年早期胃癌的初步评价

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗老年早期胃癌的疗效和安全性。方法按照入选标准对于年龄≥60岁的早期胃癌患者进行ESD治疗,观察疗效及术中并发症情况,术后予禁食、抑酸补液治疗,并定期随访评价病灶有无残留和复发。结果共有55例患者入组,男性44例,女性11例。完整大块切除率100％,组织学完全切除率为92．7％（51／55）。术中少量出血率16．4％,贲门胃底部发生率（5／13,35．5％）高于其他部位（P=0．02）。穿孔发生率（1／55,1．8％）,位于胃角,予金属夹夹闭。术后迟发出血3例（3／55,5．5％）,其中2例病变位于胃窦,24h内发生,均经急诊胃镜下治疗成功止血,1例胃角,术后1周发生,1月反复,内科保守治疗有效。总随访时间2月-38月,中位随访时间7月,共随访51例,失访率7．2％,无病灶残留,1例患者于ESD治疗后8月随访时发现复发,转外科行手术治疗。结论ESD是治疗老年早期胃癌的一种有效且安拿的治疗方法。     

放大胃镜下黏膜染色在早期胃癌诊断中的应用

对54例早期胃癌患者,行放大胃镜下黏膜染色,结果 黏膜微细结构未分化型以不规则的胃小沟和嵴及结构缺失为主,较分化型有统计学意义,两者均有不规则的小血管及血管直径改变,提示放大胃镜下黏膜染色有助于早期胃癌的诊断及预后判断。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术后内镜复查依从性的现状研究

目的:了解内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）后患者内镜复查依从性的现状及其影响因素。方法:本研究为横断面研究,采用普查方式,通过问卷调查联合电话回访采集2014年1月—2015年12月在空军军医大学西京消化病院行ESD治疗的患者资料,问卷调查时间从2019-05...     

止血夹预防早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术后迟发性出血的疗效分析

目的　评价止血夹预防早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD）后出血的疗效。方法　回顾性收集2013年6月—2020年8月就诊于北京友谊医院确诊为早期胃癌行ESD患者资料459例,将其分为病变切除后使用止血夹预防性夹闭创面的A组162例、病变切除后未使用止血夹夹闭创面的B组297例,观察术后2周患者是否发生出血。对患者进行单因素及亚组分析,分析每组患者的术后出血发生率及临床病理特征。结果　A组术后出血发生率3.1%（5/162）,B组术后出血发生率8.1%（24/297）,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.418,P=0.036）。A组与B组进行亚组比较,肿瘤长径>20 mm时,两组术后出血率差异有统计学意义［3.5%（2/57）比15.3%（13/85）,χ2=5.016,P=0.025］;肿瘤位于胃下部时,两组术后出血率差异有统计学意义［1.0%（1/97）比10.4%（20/192）,χ2=8.425,P=0.004］;肿瘤浸润深度为M/SM1时,两组术后出血率差异有统计学意义［3.2%（5/157）比8.1%（23/285）,χ2=4.072,P=0.044］。当肿瘤长径≤20 mm、肿瘤位于胃上/中部、肿瘤浸润深度为SM2时,A组与B组的术后出血发生率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论　止血夹可预防早期胃癌ESD术后迟发性出血的发生,且主要体现在肿瘤长径>20 mm、肿瘤位于胃下部、肿瘤浸润深度在M/SM1的病变上,对肿瘤长径≤20 mm、肿瘤位于胃上/中部病变的预防作用不大。     

Endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection salvage technique for ulcerative early gastric cancer

Endoscopic submucosal dissection is an effective treatment modality for early gastric cancer (EGC), though the submucosal fibrosis found in ulcerative EGC is an obstacle for successful treatment. This report presents two cases of ulcerative EGC in two males, 73- and 80-year-old, with severe fibrosis. As endoscopic ultrasonography suggested that the EGCs had invaded the submucosal layer, the endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection salvage technique was utilized for complete resection of the lesions. Although surgical gastrectomy was originally scheduled, the two patients had severe coronary heart disease, and surgeries were refused because of the risks associated with their heart conditions. The endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection salvage technique procedures described in these cases were performed under conscious sedation, and were completed within 30 min. The complete en bloc resection of EGC using endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection salvage technique was possible with a free resection margin, and no other complications were noted during the procedure. This is the first known report concerning the use of the endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection salvage technique salvage technique for treatment of ulcerative EGC. We demonstrate that endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection salvage technique it is a feasible method showing several advantages over endoscopic submucosal dissection for cases of EGC with fibrosis.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has been accepted as a treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC). The number of EMR procedures for EGC has been increasing because a patient's quality of life after EMR is superior to that after surgical gastrectomy. In Japan, most EMR have been performed using the strip biopsy method; however, in some cases we experienced local recurrences when multiple fragments had been resected by this method. Single-fragment resection is preferable for correct histological diagnosis and a patient's prognosis. Recently, dramatic changes have occurred in the operational technique and design of the accessory apparatus. In 1996, we developed a special endoscopic knife, called the insulation-tipped electrosurgical knife (IT knife), which consists of a conventional diathermic needle knife with a ceramic ball at the top to minimize the risk of perforation. This knife can cut submucosa safely and remove a lesion completely. We named this method endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Using this procedure, 96% of the tumors (471/488) were completely resected in one piece. During the follow-up period, there were no recurrent cases. One-piece resection by ESD using the IT knife improves the quality of life and prognosis for patients with early gastric cancer.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer with undifferentiated-type histology:A meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopicsubmucosal dissection(ESD) for early gastric cancer(EGC) with undifferentiated-type histology.METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted using the core databases. Complete resection,curative resection, en bloc resection, recurrence and adverse event rate were extracted and analyzed. A random effect model was applied. The methodological quality of the enrolled studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot, the trim and fill method, Egger's test,and a rank correlation test.RESULTS: Fourteen retrospective studies between2009 and 2014 were identified(972 EGC lesions with undifferentiated-type histology). The total en bloc and complete resection rates were estimated as92.1%(95%CI: 87.4%-95.2%) and 77.5%(95%CI:69.3%-84%), respectively. The total curative resection rate was 61.4%(95%CI: 44.5%-75.9%). The overall recurrence rate was 7.6%(95%CI: 3.4%-16%).Limited to histologically diagnosed expanded-criteria lesions, the en bloc and complete resection rates were91.2% and 85.6%, respectively. The curative resection rate was 79.8%.CONCLUSION: In this analysis, ESD is a technically feasible treatment modality for EGC with undifferentiatedtype histology. Long-term studies are needed to confirm these therapeutic outcomes.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer

The purpose of this review was to examine a remarkable technical advance regarding the indications for and the technique of endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of early gastric cancer with no risk of lymph node metastasis has been a standard technique in Japan, probably owing to the high incidence of gastric cancer in Japan and the fact that more than half of Japanese gastric cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage. Very recently, several EMR techniques have become increasingly accepted and regularly used in Western countries. Although these minimally invasive techniques are safe, convenient, and efficacious, they are unsuitable for large lesions in particular. Difficulty in correctly assessing the depth of tumor invasion and an increase in local recurrence when standard EMR procedures are used have been reported in cases of large lesions, because such lesions are often resected piecemeal owing to the technical limitations of standard EMR. A new development in therapeutic endoscopy, called endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), allows the direct dissection of the submucosa, and large lesions can be resected en bloc. ESD is not limited by resection size and is expected to replace surgical resection. However, it is still associated with a higher incidence of complications than standard EMR procedures and requires a high level of endoscopic skill. The endoscopic indications, techniques, and management of complications of ESD for early gastric cancer for properly carrying out established therapeutic endoscopy are described.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is the most common cancer worldwide. The proportion of early gastric cancer (EGC) cases at diagnosis has increased because of the use of mass screening endoscopy in older adults. Endoscopic mucosal resection has become the standard treatment for EGC in cases with standard indications because of its low risk of lymph node metastasis. A new endoscopic method, endoscopic submucosal dissection, has recently become available. This method allows en bloc resection without limitation of the size of the lesion. The goal of this article is to review the history and methods of endoscopic treatment with EGC, the conventional and extended indications, the therapeutic outcomes, and the complication rates.     

Endoscopic submucosal dissection of early gastric cancer

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of early gastric cancer (EGC) without any risk of lymph node metastasis was developed in Japan in the 1980s, and it has been one of the standard treatments of EGC for nearly 20 years. Recently, several EMR techniques developed in Japan have been accepted and done in Western countries. These EMR techniques are safe and efficacious but unsuitable for large lesions. Because we could not remove a large lesion in 1 fragment, which was very important for the precise diagnosis of tumor depth, local recurrence increased in large-lesion cases. An innovative procedure using newly developed endoscopic knives, called endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), was developed in the late 1990s, which made it possible to remove a large lesion en bloc. Theoretically, ESD has no limitation with respect to tumor size; therefore, it is expected to replace the surgical treatment in some situations. Although ESD has spread throughout Japan within a short period, there remain several disadvantages, such as a higher incidence of complications and a requirement of higher endoscopic skills compared to those of conventional EMR methods. The endoscopic indications, procedures, complications and treatment outcomes of the ESD of EGC are described in this review.