免疫组化在前列腺癌诊断中的作用

目的观察p504S、p63、CK34βE12在前列腺癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值.方法用免疫组化S-P法检测p504S、p63、CK34βE12在前列腺癌、PIN和前列腺良性增生中的表达.结果 72例前列腺癌中61例p504S阳性,但p63和CK34βE12大部分阴性.6例PIN中5例p504S阳性,但p63和CK34βE12均阳性.而良性增生表现为p504S阴性,p63和CK34βE12阳性.结论 p504S和p63、CK34βE12联合检测可极大地提高前列腺癌诊断的准确率.     

前列腺癌P504S、p63及CK34βE12表达的研究

目的：探讨P504S、p63及CK34βE12表达在前列腺癌诊断和鉴别诊断中的价值。方法：采用免疫组织化学技术，检测P504S、p63及CK34βE12在各类前列腺病变中的表达。结果：102例前列腺癌中有92例表达P504S（90．2％）；P504S在良性前列腺病变上皮中表达率是8．2％（8／97），在前列腺高级别上皮内瘤（high grade intraepithelial neoplasias，HGPIN）中表达率是39．5％（15／38）。在切除的前列腺良性标本中，有〉2个腺体的p63表达缺失例数发生率为28．8％，明显低于CK34βE12的发生率53．0％（P〈0．05）。结论：P504S是前列腺癌敏感的生物学标志物；p63在前列腺基底细胞表达完整性方面优于CK34βE12；P504S和基底细胞标志物在临床病理诊断中联合应用可达到互补的作用。     

P504S、p63、34βE12在前列腺不同病变诊断中的意义

目的 探讨P504S、p63、34βE12在良性前列腺增生、不典型腺瘤样增生、前列腺上皮内瘤变和前列腺腺癌诊断中的意义.方法 收集102例前列腺不同病变的常规石蜡标本,光镜下按WHO标准分类,应用免疫组织化学二步法,观察PS04s、p63、34βE12的表达.结果 良性前列腺增生、不典型腺瘤样增生的腺泡和导管周围34βE12和p63均为(+),而P504S均(-).低级别PIN及高级别PIN的腺泡和导管周围34βE12和p63均为(+),而增生的腺上皮P504S分别为7.7%(2/26)、33.3%(1/3)呈局灶性阳性.前列腺腺癌18例中,34βE12和p63均为(-),P504S有2例呈局灶性阳性(11.1%),15例P504S呈阳性(83.3%).结论 P504S是前列腺腺癌敏感而特异性的标记物,联合检测PS04S、p63、34βE12可提高前列腺腺癌的诊断准确率,对前列腺穿刺标本进行不同病变的鉴别诊断更有帮助.     

CK34βE12、p63和P504S联合检测在前列腺癌诊断中的应用

 目的 探讨CK34βE12、p63和P504S联合免疫组化标记在前列腺良、恶性病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法 应用免疫组织化学方法，观察74例前列腺病变标本[包括前列腺癌（PC）27例、高级别前列腺上皮内瘤（HGPIN）6例、低级别前列腺上皮内瘤（LGPIN）10例、前列腺非典型腺瘤性增生（AAH）3例、良性前列腺增生（BPH）28例]中CK34βE12、p63和P504S的表达情况。结果 p63和CK34βE12在AAH、LGPIN和BPH中均为阳性染色，而在PC中均为阴性，在6例HGPIN中5例为阳性，PC组表达率明显低于其他病变组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；P504S 在PC、AAH、HGPIN、LGPIN和BPH中阳性率分别为92.6 %（25／27）、0、66.7 %、10 %和0，PC组明显高于AAH、LGPIN和BPH组（P＜0.01），与HGPIN组之间差异无统计学意义（P = 0.132）；P504S阳性协同p63或CK34βE12阴性两种标记在PC、AAH、HGPIN、LGPIN和BPH中表达率分别为92.6 %、0、16.7 %、0和0，两种标记表达在前列腺癌与其他病变之间差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论 利用P504S与p63或CK34βE12联合检测有助于提高前列腺癌诊断的准确率。     

前列腺癌中 P504S、34βE12、p63 的检测及意义

目的:探讨P504S、p63、34βE12在前列腺腺癌中的表达和诊断意义.方法:应用免疫组化法观察30例前列腺癌(PCa)、49例良性前列腺增生(BPH)、6例不典型腺瘤样增生(AAH)和29例前列腺上皮内瘤变(PIN)组织中P504S、p63、34βE12的表达.结果:28例PCa阳性表达P504S,1例灶性阳性,5例PIN灶性阳性表达P504S;P504S在PCa组阳性明显高于BPH、AAH、和PIN组(P＜0.01),灶性阳性表达在两组之间无明显差异(P＞0.05).1例PCa灶性阳性表达p63和34βE12,49例BPH、4例AAH和26例PIN为p63和34βE12阳性,2例AAH和3例PIN为灶性阳性,PCa组p63和34βE12阳性表达明显低于其他病变组(P＜0.01),灶性阳性表达在两组之间无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论:P504S是前列腺癌敏感而特异性的标记物,合理利用P504S、p63、34βE12的检测,可提高前列腺癌的诊断准确率和检出率.     

前列腺癌中P504S、34βE12、p63的检测及意义

目的：探讨P504S、p63、34βE12在前列腺腺癌中的表达和诊断意义。方法：应用免疫组化法观察30例前列腺癌（PCa）、49例良性前列腺增生（BPH）、6例不典型腺瘤样增生（AAH）和29例前列腺上皮内瘤变（PIN）组织中P504S、p63、34βE12的表达。结果：28例PCa阳性表达P504S,1例灶性阳性,5例PIN灶性阳性表达P504S;P504S在PCa组阳性明显高于BPH、AAH、和PIN组（P〈0.01）,灶性阳性表达在两组之间无明显差异（P〉0.05）。1例PCa灶性阳性表达p63和34βE12,49例BPH、4例AAH和26例PIN为p63和34βE12阳性,2例AAH和3例PIN为灶性阳性,PCa组p63和34βE12阳性表达明显低于其他病变组（P〈0.01）,灶性阳性表达在两组之间无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：P504S是前列腺癌敏感而特异性的标记物,合理利用P504S、p63、34βE12的检测,可提高前列腺癌的诊断准确率和检出率。     

p504S、p63抗体混合离心法在前列腺癌诊断中的应用

 目的　应用在前列腺组织中新型肿瘤标志物p504S蛋白和基底细胞标志物p63的表达，以一次性标记来同步显示双重抗原，以辅助提高前列腺癌诊断的准确率。方法　从837例前列腺标本中，选取前列腺癌标本72例，前列腺上皮内瘤（PIN）标本6例，良性增生标本30例，把抗体混合离心法应用于免疫组织化学标记中，观察p504S、p63在前列腺良性增生、PIN和前列腺癌中的表达。结果　在确诊的72例前列腺癌患者中，p504S阳性61例， p63除1例呈间断阳性外其余71例均阴性。6例PIN中，p504S阳性5例，p63均为阳性。而30例良性增生则表现为p504S 29例阴性，p63 27例阳性。结论　p504S和p63抗体混合离心法双标记的应用，将极大地提高前列腺癌的诊断准确率。     

p63,34βE12在前列腺良恶性病变中的诊断价值

目的 研究p63,34βE12在前列腺病变中的诊断价值。方法 用S-P免疫组化法对104例不同的前列腺病变进行p63,34βE12标记,观察它们的表达情况。结果 p63,34βE12在除前列腺癌（35例）以外的3组良性病变的基底细胞均有阳性表达,但p63的阳性表达率高于34βE12;p63在前列腺癌组织中无表达，而34βE12则有假阳性。结论 通过对前列腺不同病变的观察，腺体周围基底细胞是否存在是前列腺良恶性的重要鉴别点。p63,34βE12是基底细胞特异性标记物，而p63更敏感，是诊断前列腺癌的首选抗体。如同时选用p63,34βE12则更为理想。     

免疫组化P504S、p63、34βE12在前列腺病变组织中的表达

目的探讨P504S、p63、34βE12在前列腺病变组织中的表达,以评估其在鉴别诊断中的意义。方法应用免疫组化PV9000二步法检测43例前列腺腺癌、27例前列腺重度上皮瘤变、40例前列腺结节性增生组织中P504S、p63、34βE12的表达情况。结果P504S在前列腺癌性腺体与重度上皮瘤变、前列腺结节性增生腺体组织中的阳性表达率之间均有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);但在Gleason评分分值显示,不同的前列腺腺癌组织中的表达无显著性差异(P>0.05);p63、34βE12在所有前列腺癌腺体组织中均呈阴性,在重度上皮瘤变组织中呈弱阳性、阳性或强阳性,在前列腺结节性增生组织中均呈强阳性。结论P504S是前列腺腺癌敏感而特异性的标志物,其与p63、34βE12联合标记在前列腺病变的鉴别诊断中具有重要意义,为临床早期发现、早期治疗前列腺腺癌提供了有力的理论依据。     

p63和p504S联合检测在前列腺肿瘤鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨p63和p504S联合免疫组化染色在前列腺良、恶性病变鉴别诊断中的价值。方法采用免疫组化方法，观察p63、p504S在不同前列腺疾病中的表达情况。结果大多数良性前列腺增生及低度PIN的腺泡和导管周围可见连续的p63（＋），少数呈间断表达，p504S染色皆呈（-）；高度PINp63染色呈不连续表达或（-），而增生的腺上皮，部分细胞p504S呈弱（＋）或（＋）；非典型腺瘤性增生p63呈（＋），p504S呈阴性反应；前列腺癌20例中19例p63染色呈（-），1例显示局灶性（＋），但p504S均呈（＋）。结论p63、p504S联合检测可极大地提高前列腺癌诊断的正确率。     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.